TGSC Information System

EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes

(Z)-citral
neral

Supplier Sponsors

BOC Sciences

Best of Chemicals Supplier
Quality supplier of research chemicals and biochemicals including inhibitors, building blocks, GMP Products, impurities and metabolites, APIs for Veterinary, Natural Compounds, ADCs, Stem Cell Molecule and chiral compounds.
BOC Sciences provides a wide range of services to support the pharmaceutical industry through all stages of drug discovery including Custom Synthesis of those chemicals that are not in stock, Isotope Labeling Service, Chiral Synthesis and Resolution, Bioconjugation, PEGylation services, analytical services.
BOC Sciences is a brand of BOCSCI Inc. We leverage our wide spectrum of business in the fields of development, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution to help you make best-informed decisions tailored to your evolving needs for premium chemicals. Our complete suite of CRO services spans the entire molecule development pipeline including contract research for target identification, building blocks, compound synthesis, biochemical and cellular analysis, preclinical animal tests, and clinical studies.
Email:	Marketing
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US Email:	Sales
Voice: 1-631-485-4226
Fax: 1-631-614-7828
US Voice: 1-631-485-4226
US Fax: 1-631-614-7828
Europe	44-203-286-1088
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CODE133119 CODE133119
Product(s):
106-26-3 cis-Citral 95%

Penta International

Penta International Corporation

Chemistry innovation
At Penta, our products and services help businesses do business better.
For over 30 years, Penta Manufacturing Company has played a growing role in worldwide chemistry innovations and applications. As an industry leader, Penta continues to pioneer chemistry-based solutions for practically every area of commerce. Our products and expertise have helped fuel technical advances in dozens of commercial applications including flavoring, coloring, fragrances and chemical processes.
US Email:	Technical Services
US Email:	Sales
US Voice: (973) 740-2300
US Fax: (973) 740-1839
CODE133119 CODE133119
Product(s):
14-13000 NERAL NATURAL REFINED
14-12975 NERAL

Fragrance Demo Formulas
Name:	(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
CAS Number:	106-26-3	3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:	203-379-2
FDA UNII:	8M466BQL1X
Nikkaji Web:	J3.242E
MDL:	MFCD03424818
CoE Number:	109
XlogP3-AA:	3.00 (est)
Molecular Weight:	152.23672000
Formula:	C10 H16 O
NMR Predictor:	Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
EFSA/JECFA Comments:
Neral is the cis-isomer of 3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienal. Neral and geranial can only be distinghished based on GC properties (different Kovats retention index) (EFFA, 2012b).

Category:flavor and fragrance agents

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

Google Scholar:	Search
Google Books:	Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"	Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"	Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"	Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:	Search
Google Patents:	Search
US Patents:	Search
EU Patents:	Search
Pubchem Patents:	Search
PubMed:	Search
NCBI:	Search
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:	05.170 neral

Physical Properties:

Appearance:	pale yellow to yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay:	88.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed:	No
Specific Gravity:	0.88100 to 0.89100 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).:	7.331 to 7.414
Refractive Index:	1.47800 to 1.49000 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point:	228.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:	0.071000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point:	215.00 °F. TCC ( 101.67 °C. )
logP (o/w):	3.170
Soluble in:
	alcohol
	water, 84.71 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
	water

Organoleptic Properties:

Odor Type: citrus

sweet citrus lemon lemon peel

Odor Description:at 100.00 %. sweet citral lemon peel
Luebke, William tgsc, (1989)

Odor sample from: CA Aromatics Company Inc.

Flavor Type: citrus

Taste Description: lemon

Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).

Cosmetic Information:

CosIng:	cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses:	perfuming agents

Suppliers:

For experimental / research use only.

Citrus and Allied Essences

Neral Refined 94/95% (natural)

Citrus and Allied Essences

Neral Standard 88% (natural)

Penta International

NERAL NATURAL REFINED

Penta International

Reincke & Fichtner

Reincke & Fichtner

Safety Information:


Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Sensitization
	View the IFRA Standard
View IFRA Standards Library for complete information.
Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information.
IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%):
Category 1: Products applied to the lips
.011 %
Category 2: Products applied to the axillae
0.032 %
Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
0.10 %
Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance
0.60 %
	Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.15 %
Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.15 %
Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.15 %
Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
0.051 %
Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure
0.35 %
	Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact
Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
0.20 %
Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
0.20 %
Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure
0.051 %
Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
1.20 %
	Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact
Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products)
1.20 %
Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products
4.20 %
	Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate
Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
0.051 %
Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
0.051 %
Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
No Restriction
	Notes:
IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS:
Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.

Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		950.00 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI):		69000 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:		1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class:		I

Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
		average usage mg/kg	maximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0):		22.29000	33.55000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0):		-	-
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0):		173.78000	209.70000
Processed fruit (04.1):		-	-
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2):		-	-
Confectionery (05.0):		950.00000	1000.00000
Chewing gum (05.3):		-	-
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0):		-	-
Bakery wares (07.0):		132.82000	177.55000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0):		1.00000	2.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0):		-	-
Eggs and egg products (10.0):		-	-
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0):		-	-
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0):		10.00000	10.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0):		-	-
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1):		17.33000	27.72000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2):		3.00000	6.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0):		-	-
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0):		-	-

Safety References:

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 202: 3-Alkylated aliphatic acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and precursors with or without additional double bonds from chemical subgroup 1.1.3 of FGE.19[1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 06, Revision 4 (FGE.06Rev4): Straight- and branched-chain aliphatic unsaturated primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and esters from chemical groups 1, 3 and 4
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):106-26-3

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :643779

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal

Chemidplus:0000106263

References:

	(2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	106-26-3
Pubchem (cid):	643779
Pubchem (sid):	135025253
Flavornet:	106-26-3
Pherobase:	View

Other Information:

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:	View
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C09847
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	Search
FooDB:	FDB013575
Export Tariff Code:	2912.19.1000
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View
Formulations/Preparations: •citral has a strong, lemon-like, odor and a characteristic bittersweet taste. commercially, the product is a mixture of two geometric isomers - alpha-citral and beta-citral, each exhibiting cis- and trans-isomers because of the position of the double bond. geranial (trans-) and neral (cis-). •citral from natural sources is a 2:1 mixture of two geometric isomers geranial and neral •commercial material is a mixture of alpha and beta isomers. •grade: technical; pure; fcc

Potential Blenders and core components note

For Odor

No odor group found for these

zanthoxylum acanthopodium fruit oil
FL/FR

litsea cubeba fruit extract
FR

aldehydic

aldehydic

decanal (aldehyde C-10)
FL/FR

dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)
FL/FR

2-

methyl undecanal dimethyl acetal
FR

nonanal (aldehyde C-9)
FL/FR

octanal (aldehyde C-8)
FL/FR

citronella

4,8-

dimethyl-7-nonen-2-ol
FR

citrus

abronia fragrance
FR

acetaldehyde citronellyl methyl acetal
FR

aldehydic nitrile
FR

backhousia citriodora leaf oil
FR

bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy
FL/FR

beta-

bisabolol
FL/FR

citral
FL/FR

(E)-

citral
FL/FR

citral / methyl anthranilate schiff's base
FR

citral diethyl acetal
FL/FR

citral dimethyl acetal
FL/FR

citral ethylene glycol acetal
FR

citral propylene glycol acetal
FL/FR

citronella oil ceylon
FL/FR

citronellyl nitrile
FR

citrus limon extract
FL/FR

citrus limon flower/leaf/stem extract
FR

citrus limon fruit extract
FL/FR

citrus limon fruit oil
FL/FR

citrus limon fruit water
FL/FR

citrus limon juice extract
FL/FR

citrus limon juice powder
FL/FR

citrus limon peel extract
FL/FR

citrus limon peel oil c.p. florida
FL/FR

citrus limon peel oil expressed
FL/FR

citrus limon peel tincture
FL/FR

(E)-

citrus nitrile
FR

crithmum maritimum oil
FR

dihydromyrcenol
FL/FR

(E+Z)-4,8-

dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-yl acetate
FL/FR

citrus

floral fragrance
FR

geranyl nitrile
CS

homo

geranyl nitrile
FR

lemon absolute replacer
FR

lemon balm fragrance
FR

lemon essence (oil phase)
FL/FR

lemon essence (water phase)
FL/FR

lemon fragrance
FR

lemon hexadiene
FL/FR

lemon oil
FL/FR

citral-less

lemon oil
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. africa
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. argentina
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. brazil
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. california
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced
FL/FR

meyer

lemon oil cold pressed
FL/FR

lemon oil decolorized
FL/FR

lemon oil folded
FL/FR

lemon oil folded argentina
FL/FR

lemon oil folded brazil
FL/FR

lemon oil folded california
FL/FR

lemon oil folded italy
FL/FR

lemon oil italy
FL/FR

lemon oil replacer
FR

lemon oil residues
FL/FR

lemon oil terpeneless
FL/FR

lemon oil terpenes
FL/FR

lemon oil washed
FL/FR

lemon specialty
FL/FR

lemongrass oil
FL/FR

lemongrass oil guatemala
FL/FR

lime oil fractions
FR

litsea cubeba fruit oil
FL/FR

litsea cubeba oil terpeneless
FL/FR

mandarin lemon fagrance
FR

(Z+E)-2-

methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl) cyclopropane carbaldehyde
FL/FR

alpha-

methylene citronellal
FR

sweet

orange peel oil c.p. brazil
FL/FR

petitgrain combava oil
FR

lemon scented

tea tree oil
FR

tetrahydrocitral
FL/FR

trimethyl cyclohexene
FR

verbena absolute france
FL/FR

verbena oil replacer
FR

verbena oil spain
FL/FR

verbena oil terpeneless
FL/FR

verbena specialty
FR

fatty

floral

acetophenone
FL/FR

aeolanthus graveolens oil
FR

alpha-

amyl cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal
FL/FR

iso

amyl geranate
FR

bois de rose oil brazil
FL/FR

citronellal
FL/FR

citronellol
FL/FR

coriander seed oil
FL/FR

geranyl acetate
FL/FR

heliotropin
FL/FR

lemon oil distilled
FL/FR

laevo-

nerol
FL/FR

petitgrain lemon oil
FL/FR

phenethyl alcohol
FL/FR

phenyl amyl alcohol
FL/FR

fruity

amyl heptanoate
FL/FR

eucalyptus staigeriana oil
FR

green

citral / diisotridecyl acetal
FR

iso

diphenyl oxide
FL/FR

green dioxolane
FR

herbal

canarium luzonicum gum
FL/FR

canarium luzonicum oil
FL/FR

clary sage oil france
FL/FR

alpha-

dihydroterpineol
FL/FR

lavender absolute bulgaria
FL/FR

linalyl acetate
FL/FR

terpinolene
FL/FR

medicinal

kunzea ericoides leaf oil
FR

spicy

cinnamaldehyde
FL/FR

clove bud oil
FL/FR

iso

piper longum fruit oil
FL/FR

piper longum fruit oil CO2 extract
FL/FR

terpenic

elemi resinoid
FL/FR

frankincense oil
FL/FR

alpha-

phellandrene
FL/FR

gamma-

terpinene
FL/FR

alpha-

terpineol
FL/FR

woody

(E+Z)-4,8-

dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-ol
FL/FR

alpha-

terpinene
FL/FR

For Flavor

No flavor group found for these

alpha-

amyl cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal
FL/FR

balm leaf powder
FL

citral propylene glycol acetal
FL/FR

citrus limon juice powder
FL/FR

iso

(E+Z)-4,8-

dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-ol
FL/FR

(E+Z)-4,8-

dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-yl acetate
FL/FR

lemon oil residues
FL/FR

lemon specialty
FL/FR

4-

mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol
FL

(Z+E)-2-

methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl) cyclopropane carbaldehyde
FL/FR

phenyl amyl alcohol
FL/FR

tetrahydrocitral
FL/FR

aldehydic

aldehydic

nonanal (aldehyde C-9)
FL/FR

octanal (aldehyde C-8)
FL/FR

cherry

heliotropin
FL/FR

citrus

bergamot oil bergaptene reduced italy
FL/FR

beta-

bisabolol
FL/FR

butter lemon orange flavor
FL

cherry lemon lime flavor
FL

(E)-

citral
FL/FR

citral
FL/FR

citral diethyl acetal
FL/FR

citral dimethyl acetal
FL/FR

citronella oil ceylon
FL/FR

citrus enhancer
FL

citrus limon extract
FL/FR

citrus limon fruit extract
FL/FR

citrus limon fruit oil
FL/FR

citrus limon fruit water
FL/FR

citrus limon juice
FL

citrus limon juice extract
FL/FR

citrus limon peel extract
FL/FR

citrus limon peel oil c.p. florida
FL/FR

citrus limon peel oil expressed
FL/FR

citrus limon peel tincture
FL/FR

curacao flavor
FL

kiwi lemon lime flavor
FL

lemon carbonyls
FL

lemon essence (oil phase)
FL/FR

lemon essence (water phase)
FL/FR

bitter

lemon flavor
FL

lemon flavor
FL

italian

lemon flavor
FL

meyer

lemon flavor
FL

pink

lemon flavor
FL

lemon fractions
FL

lemon hexadiene
FL/FR

lemon juice concentrate
FL

lemon juice flavor
FL

lemon lime flavor
FL

lemon oil
FL/FR

citral-less

lemon oil
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. africa
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. argentina
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. brazil
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. california
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced
FL/FR

meyer

lemon oil cold pressed
FL/FR

lemon oil decolorized
FL/FR

lemon oil distilled
FL/FR

lemon oil folded
FL/FR

lemon oil folded argentina
FL/FR

lemon oil folded brazil
FL/FR

lemon oil folded california
FL/FR

lemon oil folded italy
FL/FR

lemon oil italy
FL/FR

lemon oil sesquiterpeneless
FL

lemon oil terpeneless
FL/FR

lemon oil terpenes
FL/FR

lemon oil washed
FL/FR

lemon peel flavor
FL

lemon verbena distillates
FL

lemon zest flavor
FL

lemongrass oil
FL/FR

lemongrass oil guatemala
FL/FR

lemonless lemon key
FL

limoncello flavor
FL

laevo-

litsea cubeba fruit oil
FL/FR

nerol
FL/FR

orange lemon lime flavor
FL

sweet

orange peel oil c.p. brazil
FL/FR

petitgrain lemon oil
FL/FR

alpha-

terpineol
FL/FR

verbena absolute france
FL/FR

verbena oil france
FL

verbena oil morocco
FL

verbena oil spain
FL/FR

verbena oil terpeneless
FL/FR

zanthoxylum acanthopodium fruit oil
FL/FR

floral

bois de rose oil brazil
FL/FR

citronellal
FL/FR

citronellol
FL/FR

linalyl acetate
FL/FR

phenethyl alcohol
FL/FR

fruity

amyl heptanoate
FL/FR

lilikoi float flavor
FL

piper longum fruit oil CO2 extract
FL/FR

green

canarium luzonicum gum
FL/FR

canarium luzonicum oil
FL/FR

dihydromyrcenol
FL/FR

diphenyl oxide
FL/FR

elemi resinoid
FL/FR

geranyl acetate
FL/FR

herbal

lemon

balm essence
FL

clary sage oil france
FL/FR

coriander seed oil
FL/FR

lavender absolute bulgaria
FL/FR

lemon honey mint flavor
FL

lemon mint cream flavor
FL

lemon

litsea cubeba oil terpeneless
FL/FR

powdery

acetophenone
FL/FR

soapy

dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)
FL/FR

spicy

benzylidene acetone
FL

cinnamaldehyde
FL/FR

clove bud oil
FL/FR

iso

piper longum fruit oil
FL/FR

terpenic

alpha-

phellandrene
FL/FR

gamma-

terpinene
FL/FR

alpha-

terpinene
FL/FR

waxy

decanal (aldehyde C-10)
FL/FR

woody

alpha-

dihydroterpineol
FL/FR

frankincense oil
FL/FR

terpinolene
FL/FR

Potential Uses:

FR	acacia
FR	apple
FR	apple green apple
FR	apricot
FR	basil oil replacer
FR	bayberry
FR	bergamot
FR	blackberry
FR	blueberry
FR	butterscotch
FR	cedrat
FR	cherry
FR	citronella
FR	citrus
FR	coconut tropical coconut
FR	coffee
FR	cologne
FR	eucalyptus oil replacer
FR	fern
FR	fir needle oil replacer
FR	floral
FR	fresh and clean
FR	geranium
FR	ginger
FR	grapefruit
FR	lemon
FR	lemongrass
FR	lime
FR	mace
FR	magnolia
FR	mandarin
FR	melon
	my sin
FR	neroli
FR	orange
FR	orange blossom
FR	passion fruit
FR	peach
FL/FR	petitgrain lemon petitgrain
FR	pineapple
FR	plum
FR	raspberry
FR	rose
FR	rose red rose
FR	rose white rose
FR	sassafras
FR	strawberry
	topnotes
FR	vanilla
FR	verbena
FR	zibeline

Occurrence (nature, food, other):note

	acerola - up to 0.01 mg/kg Search Trop Picture
	backhousia citriodora f. muell. leaf oil @ 42.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	basil leaf oil Search Trop Picture
	basil plant Search Trop Picture
	basil shoot oil Search Trop Picture
	bay laurel leaf Search Trop Picture
	bay leaf oil clove @ 0.1% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	bay leaf oil lemon @ 31.7% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	bergamot oil @ 0.105-0.344% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	bergamot oil turkey @ 0.36% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	blackberry fruit - less than 0.005 mg/kg Search PMC Picture
	blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. sanguinello) italy @ 0.050% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	blood orange oil (citrus sinensis l. var. tarocco) italy @ 0.048% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	blood orange oil italy @ 0.055% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	boysenberry fruit - less than 0.005 mg/kg Search Trop Picture
	carrot seed oil @ 0.53% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	celery leaf Search Trop Picture
	celery shoot Search Trop Picture
	champaca absolute (michelia alba dc.) @ 0.04% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	champaca concrete @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	citronella oil zimbabwe @ 0.29% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	clary sage oil greece @ 1.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	couroupita guianensis aubl. flower oil brazil @ 0.40% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	cymbopogon citratus (dc.) stapf. oil cuba @ 38.20% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	eucalyptus globulus bicostata oil @ 1.62% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	eucalyptus globulus oil @ 0.30% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	eucalyptus globulus oil zambia @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	ferula cupularis leaf oil @ 0.14% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	geranium oil bourbon @ 1.09% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	geranium oil rwanda @ 0.87% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	ginger Search Trop Picture
	ginger rhizome Search Trop Picture
	ginger rhizome oil Search Trop Picture
	ginger root oil brazil @ 5.40% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	ginger root oil china @ 1.34% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	ginger root oil CO2 extract australia @ 2.87% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grape - 0.002 mg/kg Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.05% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.05% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. @ 0.06% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. italy @ 0.06% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.03% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.06% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.06% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil c.p. russia @ 0.07% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil california @ 0.08% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	grapefruit oil CO2 extract @ 0.15% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	hyptis spicigera lam. oil mali @ 3.00-3.40% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	hyptis suaveolens (l.) poit. oil mali @ 0.20-1.00% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemon balm shoot Search Trop Picture
	lemon leaf oil Search Trop Picture
	lemon oil Search Trop Picture
	lemon oil california @ 0.74% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemon pericarp oil Search Trop Picture
	lemon petiole Search Trop Picture
	lemon verbena oil morocco @ 6.9% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemon verbena oil turkey @ 5.99% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass leaf Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil @ 18.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil @ 34.93% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil @ 35.25% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil cameroon @ 33.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil egypt @ 31.96% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil guatemala @ 30.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil morocco @ 32.00% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil rwanda @ 32.17% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lemongrass oil yunnan @ 35.24% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lime fruit Search Trop Picture
	lime oil distilled mexico @ 0.02% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lime oil distilled peru @ 0.03% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	lime oil expressed florida @ 1.2% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	litsea cubeba oil china @ 25.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	macadamia nut - 0.03 mg/kg Search Trop Picture
	mandarin fruit Search Trop Picture
	mandarin oil @ 0.33% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	mandarin oil avana @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	mandarin oil avana @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	mandarin oil italy @ 0.01% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	mandarin oil japan @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	mandarin oil uruguay @ 0.01-0.03% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	manuka var. rotundifolium oil australia @ 0.10% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	melissa oil @ 19.75% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	melissa oil slovak republic @ 22.18% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	myrtle lemon scented leaf oil australia @ 0.30% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	neroli bigarde oil france @ 0.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange fruit Search Trop Picture
	orange oil c.p. brazil @ 0.06-0.07% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange oil terpeneless @ 4.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil bitter brazil @ 0.05% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil bitter italy @ 0.03% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.050% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.080% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.083% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.088% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. blond italy @ 0.089% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. egypt @ 1.26% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. florida @ 0.05% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	orange peel oil sweet c.p. valencia @ 0.07% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	palmarosa oil @ 0.10% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	parsley leaf Search Trop Picture
	peppermint leaf Search Trop Picture
	petitgrain bergamot oil @ 0.07% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	petitgrain combava oil @ trace% Data GC Search Picture
	petitgrain grapefruit oil @ 1.20% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	petitgrain lemon oil @ 24.95% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	petitgrain lime oil @ 23.80% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	petitgrain oil @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	petitgrain sweet oil @ 1.01% Data GC Search Picture
	pimenta racemosa leaf oil lemon @ 31.70% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	plectranthus glandulosus hook f. leaf oil cameroon @ 0.80% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	raspberry red raspberry fruit - less than 0.005 mg/kg Search Trop Picture
	sage oil reunion @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	satureja viminea l. oil costa rica @ 0.10% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	sugandha kokila berry oil @ 0.30% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	tangerine oil america @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	tea - up to 4 mg/kg Search Trop Picture
	tea leaf Search Trop Picture
	thyme oil wild or creeping france @ 0.50% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	thyme oil wild or creeping pakistan @ 0.10% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	tomato - up to 6 mg/kg Search Trop Picture
	turmeric root oil hydrodistilled @ 1.54% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	verbena oil france @ 14.40% Data GC Search Trop Picture
	watermelon fruit juice Search Trop Picture
	zingiber officinale root oil china @ 0.71% Data GC Search Trop Picture

Synonyms:

(Z)-	citral
cis-	citral
(Z)-3,7-	dimethyl octa-2,6-dienal
(Z)-3,7-	dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
cis-3,7-	dimethyl-2,6-octadienal
(2Z)-3,7-	dimethylocta-2,6-dienal
(Z)-	neral
	neral refined 94/95% (natural)
	neral standard 88% (natural)
	neral, refined 60 - 63%

Articles:

PubMed:Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Tagetes minuta and Ocimum basilicum essential oils.

PubMed:HPLC-DAD for the determination of three different classes of antifungals: method characterization, statistical approach, and application to a permeation study.

PubMed:Essential oils with insecticidal activity against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

PubMed:Antimicrobial constituents and synergism effect of the essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Alpinia galanga.

PubMed:Comparative chemical study and cytotoxic activity of Uvariodendron angustifolium essential oils from Benin.

PubMed:Suppression of allergic and inflammatory responses by essential oils derived from herbal plants and citrus fruits.

PubMed:Essential oil from lemon peels inhibit key enzymes linked to neurodegenerative conditions and pro-oxidant induced lipid peroxidation.

PubMed:Assessment of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Essential Oil as Herbal Preservatives Based on Antifungal, Antiaflatoxin, and Antiochratoxin Activities and In Vivo Efficacy during Storage.

PubMed:[Compartmentalization of neral non-synaptic plasticity at subcellular level].

PubMed:The use of bone cement in difficult distal radius fractures.

PubMed:Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of plant essential oils from Benin against Anopheles gambiae (Giles).

PubMed:Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity of the essential oils of four Cymbopogon species from Benin.

PubMed:Engineering Escherichia coli for selective geraniol production with minimized endogenous dehydrogenation.

PubMed:Silicone arthroplasty for nonrheumatic metacarpophalangeal joint arthritis.

PubMed:Chemical composition of the essential oils of variegated pink-fleshed lemon (Citrus x limon L. Burm. f.) and their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

PubMed:Antispasmodic effects and composition of the essential oils from two South American chemotypes of Lippia alba.

PubMed:Bioefficacy of acyclic monoterpenes and their saturated derivatives against the West Nile vector Culex pipiens.

PubMed:Effects of drying methods on qualitative and quantitative properties of essential oil of two basil landraces.

PubMed:Cytosolic monoterpene biosynthesis is supported by plastid-generated geranyl diphosphate substrate in transgenic tomato fruits.

PubMed:Behavioural and electroantennogram responses of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) to plant essential oils and their mixtures with attractants.

PubMed:Chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of the essential oil of Vepris macrophylla (BAKER) I.VERD. endemic to Madagascar.

PubMed:Vasodilator activity of the essential oil from aerial parts of Pectis brevipedunculata and its main constituent citral in rat aorta.

PubMed:Terpenoids from Zingiber officinale (Ginger) induce apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells through the activation of p53.

PubMed:Essential oils and their compositions as spatial repellents for pestiferous social wasps.

PubMed:Phytochemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties on Wistar rats.

PubMed:[Genetic counselling in male carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations].

PubMed:Fumigant antifungal activity of Myrtaceae essential oils and constituents from Leptospermum petersonii against three Aspergillus species.

PubMed:Evaluation of bioefficacy of three Citrus essential oils against the dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in correlation to their components enantiomeric distribution.

PubMed:Functional characterization of SlscADH1, a fruit-ripening-associated short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase of tomato.

PubMed:Chemical composition of essential oils of Litsea cubeba harvested from its distribution areas in China.

PubMed:Contact allergy to air-exposed geraniol: clinical observations and report of 14 cases.

PubMed:Timing of male sex pheromone biosynthesis in a butterfly - different dynamics under direct or diapause development.

PubMed:Virtual screening and in vitro assay of potential drug like inhibitors from spices against Glutathione-S-Transferase of Meloidogyne incognita.

PubMed:Development of microemulsion of a potent anti-tyrosinase essential oil of an edible plant.

PubMed:Antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of essential oils of edible Thai plants.

PubMed:Enhancement of the antibiotic activity of erythromycin by volatile compounds of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown against Staphylococcus aureus.

PubMed:A dual catalyst system provides the shortest pathway for L-menthol synthesis.

PubMed:Determining the disinfection of textiles in compressed carbon dioxide using various indicator microbes.

PubMed:Encapsulation of citral isomers in extracted lemongrass oil with cyclodextrins: molecular modeling and physicochemical characterizations.

PubMed:Chemical composition and vasorelaxant effect induced by the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown. (Verbenaceae) in rat mesenteric artery.

PubMed:Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka).

PubMed:Chemical constituents and their bioactivities of "Tongling White Ginger" (Zingiber officinale).

PubMed:Chemical characterization of Lippia alba essential oil: an alternative to control green molds.

PubMed:Anti-quorum sensing activity of essential oils from Colombian plants.

PubMed:Chemical composition and antigenotoxic properties of Lippia alba essential oils.

PubMed:Chemical composition analysis of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Kurdistan, Iran by HS/SPME method and calculation of the biophysicochemical coefficients of the components.

PubMed:Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils alone and in combination.

PubMed:Composition of a monoterpenoid-rich essential oil from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale from north western Himalayas.

PubMed:Discrimination of Oribotritia species by oil gland chemistry (Acari, Oribatida).

PubMed:Microparticles containing lemongrass volatile oil: preparation, characterization and thermal stability.

PubMed:Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of volatile oils of three species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) grown in Brazil.

PubMed:Synergistic antimicrobial activity of galangal (Alpinia galanga), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and lemon iron bark (Eucalyptus staigerana) extracts.

PubMed:Essential oil polymorphism of wild growing Hungarian thyme (Thymus pannonicus) populations in the Carpathian Basin.

PubMed:Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of selected essential oils against Candida albicans: microscopic observations and chemical characterization of Cymbopogon citratus.

PubMed:Multiple neural tube defects in the same patient with no neurological deficit.

PubMed:The effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatment on the flavor and color of grated ginger.

PubMed:Chemical composition and antiprotozoal activities of Colombian Lippia spp essential oils and their major components.

PubMed:Essential-oil composition, antileishmanial, and toxicity study of Artemisia abyssinica and Satureja punctata ssp. punctata from Ethiopia.

PubMed:Sexual abuse prevention: a training program for developmental disabilities service providers.

PubMed:Volatile organic components of fresh leaves as indicators of indigenous and cultivated citrus species in Taiwan.

PubMed:Chemotaxonomic investigations of peel and petitgrain essential oils from 17 citron cultivars.

PubMed:Bioactivity against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils grown in Colombia.

PubMed:Nematicidal activity of essential oils and volatiles derived from Portuguese aromatic flora against the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

PubMed:Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from different parts of Litsea cubeba.

PubMed:Quantitative determination of some volatile suspected allergens in cosmetic creams spread on skin by direct contact sorptive tape extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed:Chemical composition of Eucalyptus spp. essential oils and their insecticidal effects on Lutzomyia longipalpis.

PubMed:Composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of the endemic Cape Verdean Satureja forbesii.

PubMed:Efficacy of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown essential oil and its monoterpene aldehyde constituents against fungi isolated from some edible legume seeds and aflatoxin B1 production.

PubMed:Lemongrass effects on IL-1beta and IL-6 production by macrophages.

PubMed:Essential oil of Lindera neesiana fruit: chemical analysis and its potential use in topical applications.

PubMed:Repellent activity of alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta, and ginger, Zingiber officinale, against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais.

PubMed:Non-cognitive variables and residency choice.

PubMed:Site-saturation mutagenesis of tryptophan 116 of Saccharomyces pastorianus old yellow enzyme uncovers stereocomplementary variants.

PubMed:Biotransformation of menthol and geraniol by hairy root cultures of Anethum graveolens: effect on growth and volatile components.

PubMed:Male-produced aggregation pheromone blend in Platypus koryoensis.

PubMed:Menthol and geraniol biotransformation and glycosylation capacity of Levisticum officinale hairy roots.

PubMed:Processing and storage effects on orange juice aroma: a review.

PubMed:Cytochrome P450-mediated activation of the fragrance compound geraniol forms potent contact allergens.

PubMed:Evaluation of the chemical composition of Brazilian commercial Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) stapf samples.

PubMed:Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. from Romania.

PubMed:Evaluation of in vitro antimicrobial activity of Thai basil oils and their micro-emulsion formulas against Propionibacterium acnes.

PubMed:Citral sensing by Transient [corrected] receptor potential channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons.

PubMed:Solid-phase microextraction for determining twelve orange flavour compounds in a model beverage emulsion.

PubMed:Geraniol dehydrogenase, the key enzyme in biosynthesis of the alarm pheromone, from the astigmatid mite Carpoglyphus lactis (Acari: Carpoglyphidae).

PubMed:A male-produced aggregation pheromone blend consisting of alkanediols, terpenoids, and an aromatic alcohol from the cerambycid beetle Megacyllene caryae.

PubMed:Expression of two old yellow enzyme homologues from Gluconobacter oxydans and identification of their citral hydrogenation abilities.

PubMed:Effect of pulp reduction and pasteurization on the release of aroma compounds in industrial orange juice.

PubMed:Identification of the genotype from the content and composition of the essential oil of lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora Palau).

PubMed:Nematicidal Activity of Plant Essential Oils and Components From Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi), Allspice (Pimenta dioica) and Litsea (Litsea cubeba) Essential Oils Against Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus).

PubMed:Nematicidal and larvicidal activities of the essential oils from aerial parts of Pectis oligocephala and Pectis apodocephala Baker.

PubMed:Fragrance compound geraniol forms contact allergens on air exposure. Identification and quantification of oxidation products and effect on skin sensitization.

PubMed:Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of three species of Artemisia on some soil-borne phytopathogens.

PubMed:The antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Dracocephalum foetidum against pathogenic microorganisms.

PubMed:Male sex pheromone release and female mate choice in a butterfly.

PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against microorganisms deteriorating fruit juices.

PubMed:Authenticity control of essential oils containing citronellal and citral by chiral and stable-isotope gas-chromatographic analysis.

PubMed:Chemical alarm and defence in the oribatid mite Collohmannia gigantea (Acari: Oribatida).

PubMed:Extended surgical resection for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking advanced gallbladder carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.

PubMed:Essential oil composition of diploid and tetraploid clones of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) grown in Australia.

PubMed:Analysis of the enzymatic formation of citral in the glands of sweet basil.

PubMed:[Allelopathic effects of Cymbopogon citratu volatile and its chemical components].

PubMed:Commercially processed dry ginger (Zingiber officinale): composition and effects on LPS-stimulated PGE2 production.

PubMed:Volatile exudates from the oribatid mite, Platynothrus peltifer.

PubMed:Carotenoid pigmentation affects the volatile composition of tomato and watermelon fruits, as revealed by comparative genetic analyses.

PubMed:Bioactive constituents from Dracocephalum subcapitatum (O. Kuntze) Lipsky.

PubMed:Ontogenetic changes in the chemistry and morphology of oil glands in Hermannia convexa (Acari: Oribatida).

PubMed:Metabolism of geraniol in grape berry mesocarp of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Scheurebe: demonstration of stereoselective reduction, E/Z-isomerization, oxidation and glycosylation.

PubMed:In vivo antimalarial activity of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.

PubMed:The effect of solvent interactions on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin/flavor molecular inclusion complexes.

PubMed:Identification and biosynthesis of an aggregation pheromone of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus.

PubMed:Two new monoterpene glycosides and trypanocidal terpenoids from Dracocephalum kotschyi.

PubMed:Determination of flavour and off-flavour compounds in orange juice by on-line coupling of a pervaporation unit to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed:Headspace solid-phase microextraction for characterization of fragrances of lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed:Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil.

PubMed:Analysis of anal secretions from phlaeothripine thrips.

PubMed:Characterization of geraniol synthase from the peltate glands of sweet basil.

PubMed:Chemical ecology of oribatid mites III. Chemical composition of oil gland exudates from two oribatid mites, Trhypochthoniellus sp. and Trhypochthonius japonicus (Acari: Trhypochthoniidae).

PubMed:Semiochemicals from the predatory stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff): components of metathoracic gland, dorsal abdominal gland, and sternal gland secretions.

PubMed:Toxicity of Australian essential oil Backhousia citriodora (lemon myrtle). Part 2. Absorption and histopathology following application to human skin.

PubMed:Analysis of some Italian lemon liquors (limoncello).

PubMed:Inhibition of citrus postharvest pathogens by vapor of citral and related compounds in culture.

PubMed:Activity of essential oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae species against food spoilage yeasts.

PubMed:A phase II detoxification enzyme inducer from lemongrass: identification of citral and involvement of electrophilic reaction in the enzyme induction.

PubMed:[A study on the effect and mechanism of acupuncture suppression of neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemia].

PubMed:Assessment of estrogenic activity in some common essential oil constituents.

PubMed:Chemistry of the oil gland secretion of Collohmannia gigantea (Acari: Oribatida).

PubMed:Comparison of extraction methods for marker compounds in the essential oil of lemon grass by GC.

PubMed:Volatile components of peel and leaf oils of lemon and lime species.

PubMed:Composition and seasonal variation of the essential oil from leaves and peel of a Cretan lemon variety.

PubMed:Degradation of monoterpenes in orange juice by gamma radiation.

PubMed:Characterization of the odor-active volatiles in citrus Hyuganatsu (Citrus tamurana Hort. ex Tanaka).

PubMed:Changes in essential oil during enzyme-assisted ensiling of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) and lemon eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook).

PubMed:Biotransformation of constituents of essential oils by germinating wheat seed.

PubMed:Amino acid-catalyzed conversion of citral: cis-trans isomerization and its conversion into 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and acetaldehyde.

PubMed:Encapsulation of lemon oil by paste method using beta-cyclodextrin: encapsulation efficiency and profile of oil volatiles.

PubMed:The main citral-geraniol and carvacrol chemotypes of the essential oil of thymus pulegioides L. growing wild in vilnius district (Lithuania).

PubMed:Grapefruit gland oil composition is affected by wax application, storage temperature, and storage time.

PubMed:Mechanism of inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by citral, a retinoid antagonist.

PubMed:Infraspecific taxonomy and essential oil chemotypes in sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum.

PubMed:Genetic analysis of essential oil variants in Perilla frutescens.

PubMed:Prediction of medical student achievement by the utilization of personality characteristics and personal values.

PubMed:Stress, coping, and well-being among third-year medical students.

PubMed:Variation with caste of the mandibular gland secretion in the leaf-cutting antAtta sexdens rubropilosa.

PubMed:The effects of malpractice on Mississippi physicians.

PubMed:Acyclic monoterpene primary alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase of Rauwolfia serpentina cells: the key enzyme in biosynthesis of monoterpene alcohols.

PubMed:The metabolism of 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) in rat hepatic mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Interactions with aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenases.

PubMed:Metabolism of citral, an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, in male F344 rats.

PubMed:Robber bees (Lestrimelitta limao) and their host chemical and visual cues in nest defense byTrigona (Tetragonisca) angustula (Apidae: Meliponinae).

PubMed:Chemistry of mandibular and Dufour's gland secretions of ants in genusMyrmecocystus.

PubMed:Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.

PubMed:The Role of 9- and/or 10-oxygenated Derivatives of Geraniol, Geranial, Nerol, and Neral in the Biosynthesis of Loganin and Ajmalicine.

PubMed:Exocrine secretions of bees V. Terpenoid esters in the Dufour's secretions ofPanurginus bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae).

PubMed:A comparative study of the exocrine products of cleptoparasitic bees (Holcopasites) and their hosts (Calliopsis) (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae, Andrenidae).

PubMed:[Chemical composition of the essential oil from melissa].

PubMed:Biogenesis of monoterpenes : Bioconversion of citral by a cell suspension culture of muscat grapes.

PubMed:Mandibular glands of maleCentris adani, (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) : Their morphology, chemical constituents, and function in scent marking and territorial behavior.

PubMed:The Nasonov pheromone of the honeybeeApis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Part II. Bioassay of the components using foragers.

PubMed:An electrophysiological study of the sacral parasympathetic pathway to the colon of the cat.

PubMed:[Positive experience with paracervical block in minor gynecological surgery].

PubMed:Skimania.

Notes:

Blends well with acetals, aldehydes and alcohols to give fresh top notes.

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