Category: flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | white to yellow crystalline solid (est) |
Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00 sum of isomers
|
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Melting Point: | 39.00 to 42.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 260.00 to 261.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 147.00 to 149.00 °C. @ 20.00 mm Hg
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Congealing Point: | 39.00 °C.
|
Vapor Pressure: | 0.012000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 253.00 °F. TCC ( 122.78 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | 2.070 |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 1345 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Stability: |
| bath foam | | hair spray | | non-discoloring | | shampoo | | soap |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: spicy |
Odor Strength:medium , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less |
Substantivity:400 hour(s) at 20.00 % |
sweet spicy cinnamon balsamic rhubarb creamy floral |
Odor Description:at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. sweet spice cinnamon balsam rhubarb creamy floral Luebke, William tgsc, (1986) |
Odor sample from: Fritzsche Dodge & Olcott, Inc. |
sweet spicy cinnamon balsamic anisic powdery phenolic jammy fruity |
Odor Description:Sweet, spicy, cinnamon, balsamic, anisyl, powdery and phenolic with jammy, fruity notes Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 3, 47, (1997) |
Flavor Type: spicy |
spicy cinnamyl powdery waxy balsamic |
Taste Description: at 30.00 ppm. Spicy, cinnamate-like with powdery and waxy balsamic nuances Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 3, 47, (1997) |
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Sigma-Aldrich |
Benzylideneacetone, ≥98%, FG |
Odor Description:almond; anise; balsam; butter; cherry; cinnamon; creamy; jam; floral; herbaceous; sweet; vanilla; woody |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Human Experience: |
2 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 2031 mg/kg VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR OR VENOUS DILATION
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Vol. 8EHQ-0391-1194
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1210 mg/kg Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 19, Pg. 617, 1969.
intravenous-mouse LD50 112 mg/kg Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 19, Pg. 617, 1969.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavoring agents |
IFRA Critical Effect: | Dermal sensitization |
| View the IFRA Standard |
Recommendation for benzylidene acetone usage levels up to: | | PROHIBITED: Should not be used as a fragrance ingredient.
|
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Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 1.20 (μg/capita/day) |
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 7.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 1100 (μg/person/day) |
Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
Structure Class: | I |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 4.50000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 0.82000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | 0.20000 |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 0.84000 |
fruit ices: | - | 0.84000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | 2.10000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 3.70000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
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Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 1.59000 | 2.90000 |
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.02000 | 0.20000 |
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | - | - |
Processed fruit (04.1): | - | - |
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
Confectionery (05.0): | 4.44000 | 8.72000 |
Chewing gum (05.3): | 1.59000 | 2.90000 |
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 5.25000 | 10.00000 |
Bakery wares (07.0): | - | - |
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | - | - |
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | - | - |
Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | - | - |
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | - | - |
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 0.89000 | 1.72000 |
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 1.28000 | 1.92000 |
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | - | - |
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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List of apha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones representative of FGE.19 substances for Genotoxicity Testing [1] - Statement of the Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 215 (FGE.215): Seven a,ß-Unsaturated Cinnamyl Ketones from subgroup 3.2 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 215 Revision 1 (FGE.215Rev1): seven a,ß-unsaturated cinnamyl ketones from subgroup 3.2 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf
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Safety and efficacy of 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one and benzophenone belonging to chemical group 21 when used as flavouring compounds for all animal species View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 69, Revision 1 (FGE.69Rev1): consideration of aromatic substituted secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting), structurally related to aromatic ketones from chemical group 21 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.16Rev2 View page or View pdf
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EPI System: View |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
AIDS Citations:Search |
Cancer Citations:Search |
Toxicology Citations:Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):122-57-6 |
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :15909 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
WGK Germany:1 |
4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one |
Chemidplus:0000122576 |
RTECS:EN0330050 for cas# 122-57-6 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
For Odor |
No odor group found for these |
alpha- ionone FL/FR |
acidic |
acidic |
cyclohexyl acetic acid FL/FR |
amber |
ambrette seed oil FL/FR |
anise |
anise oleoresin FL/FR |
anise seed oil FL/FR |
star anise seed oil china FL/FR |
anise seed oil colombia FL/FR |
star anise seed oil terpeneless FL/FR |
sweet fennel absolute FL/FR |
sweet fennel oleoresin FL/FR |
anisic |
ortho- acetanisole FL/FR |
para- acetanisole FL/FR |
amyl furoate FL/FR |
ortho- anisaldehyde FL/FR |
para- anisaldehyde FL/FR |
para- anisyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
para- anisyl propanal FR |
dihydroanethol FL/FR |
ethyl para-anisate FL/FR |
ocimum basilicum herb oil FL/FR |
sassafras acetate FL/FR |
balsamic |
sumatra benzoin absolute FL/FR |
sumatra benzoin resinoid FL/FR |
benzophenone FR |
alpha- bisabolene FL/FR |
iso butyl benzoate FL/FR |
iso butyl cinnamate FL/FR |
cinnamyl alcohol FL/FR |
cinnamyl benzoate FL/FR |
cinnamyl butyrate FL/FR |
cinnamyl cinnamate FL/FR |
copaiba balsam oil FL/FR |
ethyl cinnamate FL/FR |
frankincense absolute FL/FR |
(Z)-3- hexen-1-yl cinnamate FR |
linalyl cinnamate FL/FR |
myrrh resinoid FR |
octyl cinnamate FR |
opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal) FL/FR |
opoponax resinoid (balsamodendron kafal) FR |
peru balsam oil FL/FR |
peru balsam resinoid FL/FR |
2- phenoxyethyl formate FR |
3- phenyl propyl acetate FL/FR |
black poplar bud oleoresin FL/FR |
tetrahydrofurfuryl cinnamate FL/FR |
tolu balsam oil FL/FR |
chocolate |
cocoa oleoresin FL/FR |
cocoa pentenal FL/FR |
citrus |
citral FL/FR |
citronella oil ceylon FL/FR |
lemongrass oil FL/FR |
litsea cubeba fruit oil FL/FR |
creamy |
para- vanillic acid FL/FR |
floral |
anise indene FR |
para- anisyl acetaldehyde FL/FR |
anisyl propanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base FR |
autumn carboxylate FR |
citronellal FL/FR |
dimethyl alpha-ionone FR |
dimethyl anthranilate FL/FR |
geranyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
hawthorn acetate FR |
heliotropin FL/FR |
hydroxycitronellal FL/FR |
(E)-beta- ionone FL/FR |
alpha- ionone FL/FR |
alpha- irone FL/FR |
ortho- methyl acetophenone FL/FR |
beta-iso methyl ionone FL/FR |
alpha-iso methyl ionone (50% min.) FL/FR |
alpha-iso methyl ionone (90% min.) FL/FR |
methyl ionyl acetate FL/FR |
orris rhizome resinoid (iris pallida) FL/FR |
iso propyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
rhodinol FL/FR |
rhodinyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
(E)-2,5,9- trimethyl-4,9-decadien-1-al FR |
fruity |
acetyl methyl anthranilate FL/FR |
para- anisyl methyl ketone FL/FR |
berry hexanoate FR |
cherry oxyacetate FL/FR |
ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate FL/FR |
(E,E)- ethyl sorbate FL/FR |
peach pivalate FR |
tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) FL/FR |
green |
diphenyl oxide FL/FR |
para- methyl hydratropaldehyde FL/FR |
phenoxyethyl isobutyrate FL/FR |
tiglaldehyde FL/FR |
herbal |
american elder flower absolute FR |
floral nitrile FR |
licorice |
(E)- anethol FL/FR |
minty |
ethyl salicylate FL/FR |
bitter fennel seed oil lithuania CS |
musk |
cyclohexadecanone FR |
ethylene brassylate FL/FR |
exaltone (Firmenich) FR |
dextro,laevo- muscone FL/FR |
musk amberol FR |
musk indane FR |
musk tetralin FL/FR |
omega- pentadecalactone FL/FR |
musty |
cocoa butenal FL/FR |
naphthyl |
para- methyl anisole FL/FR |
beta- naphthyl ethyl ether FL/FR |
nutty |
2,3,5- trimethyl pyrazine FL/FR |
pine |
white pine bark oil FL/FR |
powdery |
para- anisyl acetate FL/FR |
para- anisyl alcohol FL/FR |
alpha- methyl ionone FL/FR |
spicy |
artemisia dracunculus herb oil FL/FR |
bay leaf oil terpeneless FL/FR |
benzyl isoeugenol FL/FR |
cassia bark oil china FL/FR |
cinnamyl acetate FL/FR |
cinnamyl propionate FL/FR |
clove bud oil FL/FR |
mace oil CO2 extract FL/FR |
para- methoxy-alpha-methyl cinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
para- methoxycinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
alpha- methyl cinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
methyl heptadienone FL/FR |
alpha- methyl-(E)-cinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
myrtenal FL/FR |
nutmeg absolute FL/FR |
nutmeg oil CO2 extract FL/FR |
spicy acetoacetate FL/FR |
terpenic |
alpha- terpineol FL/FR |
tonka |
dihydrocoumarin FL/FR |
mint lactone FL/FR |
tonka undecanone FR |
vanilla |
heliotropyl alcohol FL/FR |
vanillyl acetate FL/FR |
vanillylidene acetone FL/FR |
woody |
amber formate FR |
guaiacwood oil FL/FR |
patchouli ethanone FR |
(+)-alpha- santalyl acetate FL/FR |
timber propanol FR |
vetiveryl acetate FL/FR |
woody epoxide FR |
woody octene FR |
For Flavor |
No flavor group found for these |
amyl furoate FL/FR |
para- anisyl acetaldehyde FL/FR |
alpha- bisabolene FL/FR |
cinnamyl benzoate FL/FR |
4- ethyl anisole FL |
2- furfurylidene butyraldehyde FL |
heliotropyl alcohol FL/FR |
alpha- ionone FL/FR |
para- methoxy-alpha-methyl cinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
methyl furfuracrylate FL |
beta-iso methyl ionone FL/FR |
white pine bark oil FL/FR |
black poplar bud oleoresin FL/FR |
(+)-alpha- santalyl acetate FL/FR |
tetrahydrofurfuryl cinnamate FL/FR |
vetiveryl acetate FL/FR |
amber |
amber |
ambrette seed oil FL/FR |
musk tetralin FL/FR |
anise |
(E)- anethol FL/FR |
anise oleoresin FL/FR |
anise seed oil FL/FR |
star anise seed oil china FL/FR |
anise seed oil colombia FL/FR |
star anise seed oil terpeneless FL/FR |
ethyl para-anisate FL/FR |
sweet fennel absolute FL/FR |
sweet fennel oleoresin FL/FR |
anisic |
para- acetanisole FL/FR |
ortho- anisaldehyde FL/FR |
para- anisyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
ortho- methyl acetophenone FL/FR |
balsamic |
sumatra benzoin resinoid FL/FR |
iso butyl cinnamate FL/FR |
copaiba balsam oil FL/FR |
ethyl cinnamate FL/FR |
opoponax oil (balsamodendron kafal) FL/FR |
peru balsam oil FL/FR |
peru balsam resinoid FL/FR |
3- phenyl propyl acetate FL/FR |
tolu balsam oil FL/FR |
vanillylidene acetone FL/FR |
cherry |
heliotropin FL/FR |
para- methoxycinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
chocolate |
cocoa oleoresin FL/FR |
citrus |
citral FL/FR |
citronella oil ceylon FL/FR |
lemongrass oil FL/FR |
litsea cubeba fruit oil FL/FR |
alpha- terpineol FL/FR |
coconut |
6- methyl coumarin FL |
creamy |
para- anisaldehyde FL/FR |
dihydrocoumarin FL/FR |
mint lactone FL/FR |
para- vanillic acid FL/FR |
floral |
cinnamyl propionate FL/FR |
citronellal FL/FR |
cocoa pentenal FL/FR |
geranyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
alpha- ionone FL/FR |
alpha-iso methyl ionone (50% min.) FL/FR |
alpha-iso methyl ionone (90% min.) FL/FR |
orris rhizome resinoid (iris pallida) FL/FR |
rhodinol FL/FR |
fruity |
acetyl methyl anthranilate FL/FR |
para- anisyl acetate FL/FR |
para- anisyl alcohol FL/FR |
iso butyl benzoate FL/FR |
cherry oxyacetate FL/FR |
dimethyl anthranilate FL/FR |
ethyl methyl-para-tolyl glycidate FL/FR |
(E,E)- ethyl sorbate FL/FR |
linalyl cinnamate FL/FR |
alpha- methyl ionone FL/FR |
tiglaldehyde FL/FR |
tolualdehydes (mixed o,m,p) FL/FR |
green |
cinnamyl alcohol FL/FR |
cocoa butenal FL/FR |
diphenyl oxide FL/FR |
methyl heptadienone FL/FR |
para- methyl hydratropaldehyde FL/FR |
phenoxyethyl isobutyrate FL/FR |
herbal |
dihydroanethol FL/FR |
ocimum basilicum herb oil FL/FR |
honey |
iso propyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
licorice |
2- butyl-3-methyl pyrazine FL |
meaty |
ortho- thioguaiacol FL |
medicinal |
frankincense absolute FL/FR |
minty |
ethyl salicylate FL/FR |
myrtenal FL/FR |
(1R)-(-)- myrtenal FL |
musk |
ethylene brassylate FL/FR |
dextro,laevo- muscone FL/FR |
musty |
2,3,5- trimethyl pyrazine FL/FR |
naphthyl |
para- methyl anisole FL/FR |
nutty |
furfural acetone FL |
powdery |
ortho- acetanisole FL/FR |
beta- naphthyl ethyl ether FL/FR |
powdery ketone FL |
spicy |
para- anisyl methyl ketone FL/FR |
artemisia dracunculus herb oil FL/FR |
bay leaf oil terpeneless FL/FR |
sumatra benzoin absolute FL/FR |
benzyl isoeugenol FL/FR |
cassia bark oil china FL/FR |
cinnamyl acetate FL/FR |
cinnamyl cinnamate FL/FR |
clove bud oil FL/FR |
galangal root oleoresin FL |
mace oil CO2 extract FL/FR |
alpha- methyl cinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
alpha- methyl-(E)-cinnamaldehyde FL/FR |
nutmeg absolute FL/FR |
nutmeg oil CO2 extract FL/FR |
spicy acetoacetate FL/FR |
sweet |
cyclohexyl acetic acid FL/FR |
tarragon |
sassafras acetate FL/FR |
vanilla |
omega- pentadecalactone FL/FR |
vanillyl acetate FL/FR |
waxy |
hydroxycitronellal FL/FR |
rhodinyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
winey |
cinnamyl butyrate FL/FR |
woody |
guaiacwood oil FL/FR |
(E)-beta- ionone FL/FR |
alpha- irone FL/FR |
methyl ionyl acetate FL/FR |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| acetocinnamone | | benzal acetone | | benzalacetone | | benzylideneacetone | 3- | buten-2-one, 4-phenyl- | | methyl 2-phenyl vinyl ketone | | methyl beta-styryl ketone | | methyl styryl ketone | 4- | phenyl but-3-en-2-one | 4- | phenyl butenone | 2- | phenyl vinyl methyl ketone | 4- | phenyl-3-buten-2-one | 4- | phenylbut-3-en-2-one | 4- | phenylbutenone | | styryl methyl ketone |
Articles:
PubMed:Digallane with redox-active diimine ligand: dualism of electron-transfer reactions. |
PubMed:Ferrous Carbonyl Dithiolates as Precursors to FeFe, FeCo, and FeMn Carbonyl Dithiolates. |
PubMed:Additive-assisted regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with benzylideneacetone. |
PubMed:Protein preparation, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Polygonum cuspidatum bifunctional chalcone synthase/benzalacetone synthase. |
PubMed:An entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, suppresses expression of antimicrobial peptides controlled by Toll and Imd pathways by blocking eicosanoid biosynthesis. |
PubMed:(99m)Tc-labeled dibenzylideneacetone derivatives as potential SPECT probes for in vivo imaging of β-amyloid plaque. |
PubMed:Metabolism of BYZX in human liver microsomes and cytosol: identification of the metabolites and metabolic pathways of BYZX. |
PubMed:Engineering of plant type III polyketide synthases. |
PubMed:Gas phase retro-Michael reaction resulting from dissociative protonation: fragmentation of protonated warfarin in mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for determination of additives in an electrolytic Zn bath. |
PubMed:Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of methyl trans-styryl ketone (CAS NO 1896-62-4) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed and dermal studies). |
PubMed:Phospholipase A2 inhibitors synthesized by two entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata. |
PubMed:A facile solvent free Claisen-Schmidt reaction: synthesis of α,α'-bis-(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and α,α'-bis-(substituted-alkylidene)cycloalkanones. |
PubMed:On the accuracy of DFT methods in reproducing ligand substitution energies for transition metal complexes in solution: the role of dispersive interactions. |
PubMed:Synthesis of the pyridinyl analogues of dibenzylideneacetone (pyr-dba) via an improved Claisen-Schmidt condensation, displaying diverse biological activities as curcumin analogues. |
PubMed:Evaluation of hepatic glutathione transferase Mu 1 and Theta 1 activities in humans and mice using genotype information. |
PubMed:Ni(II) and Pd(II) pyridinyloxazolidine-compounds: synthesis, X-ray characterisation and catalytic activities in the aza-Michael reaction. |
PubMed:Bacterial metabolites of an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, inhibit a catalytic activity of phenoloxidase of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. |
PubMed:A New Route to Azadithiolato Complexes. |
PubMed:Pd-NHC catalyzed conjugate addition versus the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. |
PubMed:Benzylideneacetone, an eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor enhances baculovirus pathogenicity in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. |
PubMed:A structure-based mechanism for benzalacetone synthase from Rheum palmatum. |
PubMed:Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of novel (substituted)benzylidene acetone oxime ether derivatives: molecular modeling study. |
PubMed:Quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling of antioxidant activities of hydroxybenzalacetones using quantum chemical, physicochemical and spatial descriptors. |
PubMed:Highly enantioselective organocatalytic conjugate addition of nitromethane to benzylidene acetones. |
PubMed:Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a plant type III polyketide synthase that produces benzalacetone. |
PubMed:Benzylideneacetone, an immunosuppressant, enhances virulence of Bacillus thuringiensis against beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). |
PubMed:New "green" approaches to the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives. |
PubMed:Microbial production of 4-hydroxybenzylidene acetone, the direct precursor of raspberry ketone. |
PubMed:Novel hydrido-ruthenium(II) complexes with histidine derivatives and their application in the hydrogenation of ketones. |
PubMed:Phenolic Michael reaction acceptors: combined direct and indirect antioxidant defenses against electrophiles and oxidants. |
PubMed:An entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, inhibits hemocyte phagocytosis of Spodoptera exigua by inhibiting phospholipase A(2). |
PubMed:Structure function analysis of benzalacetone synthase from Rheum palmatum. |
PubMed:Highly asymmetric Michael addition to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by 9-amino-9-deoxyepiquinine. |
PubMed:Concise asymmetric total synthesis of obolactone. |
PubMed:Antioxidant effects of hydroxybenzalacetones on peroxynitrite-induced lipid peroxidation in red blood cell membrane ghost and SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA4107/pSK1002. |
PubMed:Metabolism of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, chalcone and trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, by rat liver microsomes and estrogenic activity of the metabolites. |
PubMed:Reaction of metalated nitriles with enones. |
PubMed:Solution and solid state structure and tautomerism of azo coupled enaminone derivatives of benzoylacetone. |
PubMed:Highly enantioselective conjugate additions of potassium organotrifluoroborates to enones by use of monodentate phosphoramidite ligands. |
PubMed:Quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities for hydroxybenzalacetones. |
PubMed:Identification of an antibacterial compound, benzylideneacetone, from Xenorhabdus nematophila against major plant-pathogenic bacteria. |
PubMed:Site-directed mutagenesis of benzalacetone synthase. The role of the Phe215 in plant type III polyketide synthases. |
PubMed:Organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to alpha,beta-unsaturated enones using novel imidazoline catalysts. |
PubMed:Enzymatic formation of an unnatural C(6)-C(5) aromatic polyketide by plant type III polyketide synthases. |
PubMed:Quantum chemical- and 3-D-QSAR (CoMFA) studies of benzalacetones and 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ones. |
PubMed:Reductive metabolism of an alpha,beta-ketoalkyne, 4-phenyl-3-butyn-2-one, by rat liver preparations. |
PubMed:Role of 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one in boar taint: identification of new compounds related to sensorial descriptors in pig fat. |
PubMed:Potency of Michael reaction acceptors as inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogenesis depends on their reactivity with sulfhydryl groups. |
PubMed:Structure-antimutagenic activity relationships of benzalacetone derivatives against UV-induced mutagenesis in E. coli WP2uvrA and gamma-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA2638. |
PubMed:Production and elicitation of benzalacetone and the raspberry ketone in cell suspension cultures of Rubus idaeus. |
PubMed:Structure-activity relationship in potentially anti-tumor promoting benzalacetone derivatives, as assayed by the epstein-barr virus early antigen activation. |
PubMed:Microsomal carbonyl reductase responsible for reduction of 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one in rats. |
PubMed:Reductive metabolism In vivo of trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one in rats and dogs. |
PubMed:Anticandidial effect of phenylbutene derivatives and their interaction with ergosterol. |
PubMed:The three-dimensional structure of an avian class-mu glutathione S-transferase, cGSTM1-1 at 1.94 A resolution. |
PubMed:The inhibition by flavonoids of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline metabolic activation to a mutagen: a structure-activity relationship study. |
PubMed:Absorption, disposition, and metabolism of trans-methyl styryl ketone in female B6C3F1 mice. |
PubMed:Antimutagenic effects of dehydrozingerone and its analogs on UV-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. |
PubMed:Oral and topical absorption, disposition kinetics, and the metabolic fate of trans-methyl styryl ketone in the male Fischer 344 rat. |
PubMed:Glutathione transferase mimics: micellar catalysis of an enzymic reaction. |
PubMed:Distribution of glutathione S-transferase isoforms in rat liver after induction by beta-naphthoflavone or 3-methylcholanthrene. |
PubMed:Multiplicity of rat liver 15-ketoprostaglandin delta 13-reductases. |
PubMed:Glutathione S-transferases in the Japanese quail: tissue distribution and purification of the liver isozymes. |
PubMed:Stereoselective catalysis of a retro-Michael reaction by class mu glutathione transferases. Consequences for the internal distribution of products in the active site. |
PubMed:The high non-enzymatic conjugation rates of some glutathione S-transferase (GST) substrates at high glutathione concentrations. |
PubMed:Biochemical analysis of recombinant glutathione S-transferase of Fasciola hepatica. |
PubMed:Rational reconstruction of the active site of a class mu glutathione S-transferase. |
PubMed:Influences of dietary deoxycholic acid on progression of hepatocellular neoplasms and expression of glutathione S-transferases in rats. |
PubMed:Reduced expression of glutathione S-transferase Yb2 during progression of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinomas in Fischer 344 rats. |
PubMed:Effects of age and dietary restriction on liver glutathione transferase activities in Lobund-Wistar rats. |
PubMed:Purification and kinetic mechanism of the glutathione S-transferase from C6/36, an Aedes albopictus cell line. |
PubMed:Inter-individual variability of human hepatic glutathione S-transferase isozymes assessed by inhibitory capacity. |
PubMed:Structure and function of the xenobiotic substrate binding site of a glutathione S-transferase as revealed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of product complexes with the diastereomers of 9-(S-glutathionyl)-10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene. |
PubMed:Human Mu-class glutathione S-transferases present in liver, skeletal muscle and testicular tissue. |
PubMed:Purification and characterization of class mu glutathione S-transferase isozymes from rabbit hepatic tissue. |
PubMed:Characterization of a novel microsomal glutathione S-transferase produced by Aspergillus ochraceus TS. |
PubMed:Schistosoma mansoni: single-step purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme 4. |
PubMed:Contribution of tyrosine 6 to the catalytic mechanism of isoenzyme 3-3 of glutathione S-transferase. |
PubMed:Are the histidine residues of glutathione S-transferase important in catalysis? An assessment by 13C NMR spectroscopy and site-specific mutagenesis. |
PubMed:A novel glutathione transferase (13-13) isolated from the matrix of rat liver mitochondria having structural similarity to class theta enzymes. |
PubMed:Hepatic glutathione S-transferases in mice fed on a diet containing the anticarcinogenic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole. Isolation of mouse glutathione S-transferase heterodimers by gradient elution of the glutathione-Sepharose affinity matrix. |
PubMed:Variation in the expression of Mu-class glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes from human skeletal muscle. Evidence for the existence of heterodimers. |
PubMed:The isolation and characterization of the major glutathione S-transferase from the squid Loligo vulgaris. |
PubMed:Xenobiotic-inducible expression of murine glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit gene is controlled by an electrophile-responsive element. |
PubMed:S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)glutathione and activity for its synthesis in rat tissues. |
PubMed:Effect of aflatoxin B1 treatment in vivo on the in vitro activity of hepatic and extrahepatic glutathione S-transferase. |
PubMed:Sex differences in the subunits of glutathione-S-transferase isoenzyme from rat and human kidney. |
PubMed:Changes in hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferase enzymes induced by clotrimazole treatment in rats. |
PubMed:Purification and properties of glutathione transferase from Issatchenkia orientalis. |
PubMed:Differences in the influence of diet on hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione content between young and old C57 black female mice. |
PubMed:Xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme systems in test fish. III. Comparative studies of liver cytosolic glutathione S-transferases. |
PubMed:Fluorometric determination of benzylideneacetone in fragrance products by liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. |
PubMed:Purification of three cytosolic glutathione S-transferases from adult Schistosoma mansoni. |
PubMed:Halothane: inhibition and activation of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferases. |
PubMed:Paradoxical inhibition of rat glutathione transferase 4-4 by indomethacin explained by substrate-inhibitor-enzyme complexes in a random-order sequential mechanism. |
PubMed:Differential induction of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes by hexachlorobenzene and benzyl isothiocyanate. Comparison with induction by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. |
PubMed:Sex- and substrate-dependent changes in hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferase enzymes produced by dietary choline-deficiency. |
PubMed:The purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase from the hepatopancreas of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. |
PubMed:Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of new 3-[2-(omega-aminoalkoxy)phenoxy]-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ones and related compounds. |
PubMed:The major isozyme of rat cardiac glutathione transferases. Its correspondence to hepatic transferase X. |
PubMed:Kinetic independence of the subunits of cytosolic glutathione transferase from the rat. |
PubMed:Synthesis of 3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-piperidon-6-yl)methyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives. |
PubMed:Effects of pH on weak and positive control mutagens in the Ames Salmonella plate assay. |
PubMed:Antigenic competition in the induction of contact sensitivity in the guinea pig. |
PubMed:Age-development and inducibility of hepatic glutathione S-transferase activities in mice, rats, rabbits and guinea-pigs. |
PubMed:Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferases P, S and N. Isolation from rat liver of Yb1 Yn protein, the existence of which was predicted by subunit hybridization in vitro. |
PubMed:Mannich bases of 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one: a new class of antiherpes agent. |
PubMed:Regulation of epididymal glutathione S-transferases: effects of orchidectomy and androgen replacement. |
PubMed:Purification of a new glutathione S-transferase (transferase mu) from human liver having high activity with benzo(alpha)pyrene-4,5-oxide. |
PubMed:The presence and longitudinal distribution of the glutathione S-transferases in rat epididymis and vas deferens. |
PubMed:Stoichiometric model of alpha-cyclodextrin complex formation. |
PubMed:Glutathione S-transferases in earthworms (Lumbricidae). |
PubMed:Isoelectric focusing of glutathione S-transferases from rat liver and kidney. |
PubMed:[Halogenated 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one Oximes (author's transl)]. |
PubMed:Distribution of enzymes that catalyse reactions of glutathione with alpha beta-unsaturated compounds. |
PubMed:Enzymes catalysing conjugations of glutathione with alpha-beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. |
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