| Name: | cymbopogon citratus leaf oil |
| CAS Number: | 89998-14-1 |
|
| FDA UNII: | Search |
Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | pale yellow to yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.88700 to 0.89900 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.381 to 7.481
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| Refractive Index: | 1.47800 to 1.49700 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Boiling Point: | 224.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point: | > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
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| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: citrus |
| Odor Strength:medium |
| Substantivity:92 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| sweet lemon grassy fresh |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. sweet lemon grassy fresh |
| Flavor Type: citrus |
| lemongrass |
| Taste Description: lemongrass |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
FCTXAV
14,457,1976
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
FCTXAV
14,457,1976
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| IFRA Critical Effect: | | Sensitization |
| contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only) |
| citral | Max. Found: 73.00 % and Reason: Sensitization |
| geraniol | Max. Found: <8.00 % and Reason: Sensitization |
| eugenol | Max. Found: <0.30 % and Reason: Sensitization |
| citronellol | Max. Found: <0.90 % and Reason: Sensitization |
| isoeugenol | Max. Found: 0.5 % and Reason: Sensitization |
| citronellal | Max. Found: 0.3 % and Reason: Sensitization |
| Recommendation for lemongrass oil morocco usage levels up to: | | | 4.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 38.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 4.40000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | 220.00000 |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 9.20000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 9.20000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 290.00000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 38.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | 290.00000 |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):89998-14-1 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| cymbopogon citratus leaf oil |
| Chemidplus:0089998141 |
| RTECS:OG8257000 for cas# 89998-14-1 |
References:
| | cymbopogon citratus leaf oil |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135307802 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | cymbopogon citratus leaf oil morocco | | | lemongrass oil morocco | | | lemon grass oil morocco |
Articles:
| PubMed:Oviposition deterrent and ovicidal activities of seven herbal essential oils against female adults of housefly, Musca domestica L. |
| PubMed:Excito-repellency of essential oils against an Aedes aegypti (L.) field population in Thailand. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial constituents and synergism effect of the essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Alpinia galanga. |
| PubMed:Assessment of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) stapf essential oil as herbal preservatives based on antifungal, antiaflatoxin, and antiochratoxin activities and in vivo efficacy during storage. |
| PubMed:Comparative study of antifungal activities of six selected essential oils against fungal isolates from cheese wagashi in Benin. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity of the essential oils of four Cymbopogon species from Benin. |
| PubMed:Reduction of Aeromonas hidrophyla biofilm on stainless stell surface by essential oils. |
| PubMed:Formulas of components of citronella oil against mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). |
| PubMed:Effects of Cymbopogon citratus and Ferula assa-foetida extracts on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial action and anti-corrosion effect against sulfate reducing bacteria by lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil and its major component, the citral. |
| PubMed:Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with topical application of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf - therapeutic pilot study. |
| PubMed:The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using video tracking. |
| PubMed:Anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon citratus leaves infusion via proteasome and nuclear factor-κB pathway inhibition: contribution of chlorogenic acid. |
| PubMed:Phytochemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties on Wistar rats. |
| PubMed:Citronellol reduces orofacial nociceptive behaviour in mice - evidence of involvement of retrosplenial cortex and periaqueductal grey areas. |
| PubMed:Housefly (Musca domestica L.) control potential of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. (Poales: Poaceae) essential oil and monoterpenes (citral and 1,8-cineole). |
| PubMed:Comparative molecular docking analysis of essential oil constituents as elastase inhibitors. |
| PubMed:The effects of herbal essential oils on the oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal activities of Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). |
| PubMed:Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effect of cymbopogon citratus essential oil. |
| PubMed:Development of microemulsion of a potent anti-tyrosinase essential oil of an edible plant. |
| PubMed:Antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of essential oils of edible Thai plants. |
| PubMed:Efficacy of herbal essential oils as insecticide against Aedes aegypti (Linn.), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). |
| PubMed:Monoterpenic aldehydes as potential anti-Leishmania agents: activity of Cymbopogon citratus and citral on L. infantum, L. tropica and L. major. |
| PubMed:Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (Lemon grass). |
| PubMed:Antifungal activity by vapor contact of essential oils added to amaranth, chitosan, or starch edible films. |
| PubMed:Modifying effects of lemongrass essential oil on specific tissue response to the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosurea in female BALB/c mice. |
| PubMed:Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Azadirachta indica against house dust mites. |
| PubMed:The GABAergic system contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass). |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of formulated lemongrass shampoo on Malassezia furfur: a yeast associated with dandruff. |
| PubMed:Cholesterol reduction and lack of genotoxic or toxic effects in mice after repeated 21-day oral intake of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon giganteus essential oils alone and in combination. |
| PubMed:Composition and toxic, repellent and feeding deterrent activity of essential oils against the stored-grain pests Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). |
| PubMed:Microparticles containing lemongrass volatile oil: preparation, characterization and thermal stability. |
| PubMed:In vitro effects of citral on trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis. |
| PubMed:Protective effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF) essential oil on DNA damage and carcinogenesis in female Balb/C mice. |
| PubMed:Cymbopogon citratus as source of new and safe anti-inflammatory drugs: bio-guided assay using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. |
| PubMed:Comparative larvicidal activity of essential oils from three medicinal plants against Aedes aegypti L. |
| PubMed:Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of selected essential oils against Candida albicans: microscopic observations and chemical characterization of Cymbopogon citratus. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial action of essential oil vapours and negative air ions against Pseudomonas fluorescens. |
| PubMed:Characterization of potent anticholinesterase plant oil based microemulsion. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-Listeria activities of essential oils obtained from some Egyptian plants. |
| PubMed:Effect of Citrus reticulata and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils on Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production on Asparagus racemosus. |
| PubMed:Comparative anticonvulsant activities of the essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. in mice. |
| PubMed:Bioactivity against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils grown in Colombia. |
| PubMed:Nematicidal activity of essential oils and volatiles derived from Portuguese aromatic flora against the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. |
| PubMed:Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) Sacc. In yellow passion fruit using Cymbopogon citratus essential oil. |
| PubMed:Hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of citronellol, a monoterpene alcohol, in rats. |
| PubMed:In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and its major component (citral) on Leishmania amazonensis. |
| PubMed:Lemongrass effects on IL-1beta and IL-6 production by macrophages. |
| PubMed:Effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil to inhibit the growth of some filamentous fungi and yeasts. |
| PubMed:Effects of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Lippia sidoides Cham., and Ocimum gratissimum L. on growth and ultrastructure of Leishmania chagasi promastigotes. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the chemical composition of Brazilian commercial Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) stapf samples. |
| PubMed:Toxicity and gastric tolerance of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum in Wistar rats. |
| PubMed:In vitro antimicrobial activity of plants in Acute Otitis Externa. |
| PubMed:Field evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellents and fumigants against the malaria vector Anopheles darlingi in Riberalta, Bolivian Amazon. |
| PubMed:Anti-proliferative effect of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf (lemongrass) on intracellular amastigotes, bloodstream trypomastigotes and culture epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida). |
| PubMed:Neurobehavioral effect of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. |
| PubMed:Are mosquitoes diverted from repellent-using individuals to non-users? Results of a field study in Bolivia. |
| PubMed:Effects of Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil on the growth, morphogenesis and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus ML2-strain. |
| PubMed:Effects of Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil on the growth, lipid content and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger ML2-strain. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against microorganisms deteriorating fruit juices. |
| PubMed:Authenticity control of essential oils containing citronellal and citral by chiral and stable-isotope gas-chromatographic analysis. |
| PubMed:Effect of Cymbopogon citratus L. essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ML2-strain. |
| PubMed:Citral, a component of lemongrass oil inhibits the clastogenic effect of nickel chloride in mouse micronucleus test system. |
| PubMed:Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical CO(2) extract of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. |
| PubMed:Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Thai medicinal plants. |
| PubMed:LC determination of citral in Cymbopogon citratus volatile oil. |
| PubMed:The use of powder and essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus against mould deterioration and aflatoxin contamination of "egusi" melon seeds. |
| PubMed:In vivo antimalarial activity of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. |
| PubMed:Larvicidal activity of essential oils from Brazilian plants against Aedes aegypti L. |
| PubMed:Effect of essential oils on the growth of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin contamination in corn. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon for controlling food spoilage and mycotoxin producing fungi. |
| PubMed:[Anti-Candida albicans activity of essential oils including Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil and its component, citral]. |
| PubMed:Fungicidal and anti-aflatoxigenic effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (lemongrass) against Aspergillus flavus Link. isolated from stored rice. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Helicobacter pylori. |
| PubMed:Chemistry and biological significance of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus from Pakistan. |
| PubMed:Comparison of extraction methods for marker compounds in the essential oil of lemon grass by GC. |
| PubMed:Correlation between chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of some aromatic medicinal plants growing in the Democratic Republic of Congo. |
| PubMed:Changes in essential oil during enzyme-assisted ensiling of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) and lemon eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook). |
| PubMed:Antinociceptive effect of the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus in mice. |
| PubMed:Induction of liver monooxygenases by beta-myrcene. |
| PubMed:In vitro inhibition of CYP2B1 monooxygenase by beta-myrcene and other monoterpenoid compounds. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of some essential oils for their toxicity against fungi causing deterioration of stored food commodities. |
| PubMed:Fungitoxicity of essential oils against dermatophytes. |
| PubMed:Absence of genotoxic activity of beta-myrcene in the in vivo cytogenetic bone marrow assay. |
| PubMed:Myrcene mimics the peripheral analgesic activity of lemongrass tea. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the mutagenicity of beta-myrcene in mammalian cells in vitro. |
| PubMed:Neurobehavioral study of the effect of beta-myrcene on rodents. |
| PubMed:Effect of myrcene on nociception in mice. |
| PubMed:Effects of lemongrass oil on the morphological characteristics and peptidoglycan synthesis of Escherichia coli cells. |
| PubMed:Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. |
| PubMed:Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. |
| PubMed:Physiologal Homeostasis of Essential Oil Production in Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus). |
| PubMed:Effect of essential oil of cymbopogon citratus stapf. on central nervous system. |
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Lemongrass Oil is produced from two distinctly different botanical species of Cymbopogon. One is a native of East India where it grows wild and is now cultivated over a comparatively limited area in the western parts of India. The plant is Cymbopogon Flexuasus and only cultivated plants are used for steam distillation.
The other plant, Cymbopogon Citratus, is possibly a native of Ceylon and parts of East India, but it is now found only under cultivation. Unlike C. Flexuosus, the Citratus is widely distributed all over the world and it has been given the somewhat confusing name West Indian Lemongrass. Lemongrass Oil is steam distilled from the fresh or partly dried leaves of the above grass and occasionally, it is water and steam distilled. Outside of India, the west Indian grass is distilled in Africa, Belgian Congo, Angola, Equatorial Africa, Madagascar, Comoro islands, etc., in Central America, in the West Indies, Haiti, Jamaica, in South America and in Formosa, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaya, etc.
Lemongrass Oil is a yellow or amber somewhat viscous liquid with a very strong, fresh grassy Iemon type, herbaceous or tea like odor. The oil is often turbid when it arrives from the producers, but care should be taken that it be kept dry since it is able to keep 2 1/2 or 3% of water clearly dissolved at room temperature. This water content is definitely harmful to the citral which decomposes rapidly in the presence of water, air and daylight. The water is conveniently chilled out under stirring of the oil and it separates as a bottom liquid layer.
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