Category:flavoring agents and adjuvants
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless clear oily liquid (est) |
Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 1.03300 to 1.03600 @ 20.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.606 to 8.631
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Refractive Index: | 1.43500 to 1.43800 @ 20.00 °C.
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Melting Point: | -75.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 287.00 to 288.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 190.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
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Acid Value: | 5.00 max. KOH/g
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Vapor Pressure: | 0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 345.00 °F. TCC ( 173.89 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 2.951 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | ether | | water, 133 mg/L @ 37 °C (exp) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: cheesy |
cheesy waxy creamy fatty |
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. cheese waxy creamy fatty |
cheesy waxy fatty acidic |
Odor Description:Cheese, waxy, fatty, acidic Mosciano, Gerard P&F 24, No. 2, 49, (1999) |
Flavor Type: bitter |
bitter waxy fatty cheesy buttery |
Taste Description: at 30.00 ppm. Bitter, waxy, fatty, cheese and butter nuances Mosciano, Gerard P&F 24, No. 2, 49, (1999) |
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Sigma-Aldrich |
Tributyrin, 97%, FG |
Odor Description:caramel; creamy; fatty |
Prodasynth |
GLYCERIN BUTYRATE (> 98%) |
Odor Description:CHEESE, WAXY, CREAMY, FATTY |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
European information : |
Most important hazard(s): | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 3200 mg/kg Kodak Company Reports. Vol. 21MAY1971
oral-mouse LD50 12800 mg/kg Kodak Company Reports. Vol. 21MAY1971
intravenous-mouse LD50 320 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. Vol. 40, Pg. 338, 1957.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LC > 75 ppm/6H Kodak Company Reports. Vol. 21MAY1971
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavoring agents and adjuvants |
Recommendation for glyceryl tributyrate usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 27.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 2.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Structure Class: | I |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 290.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 0.10000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | 2.00000 | 50.00000 |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 0.04000 |
fruit ices: | - | 0.04000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | 0.36000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | 0.33000 | 1000.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab) View page or View pdf
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EPI System: View |
ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
AIDS Citations:Search |
Cancer Citations:Search |
Toxicology Citations:Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):60-01-5 |
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6050 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
WGK Germany:1 |
1,3-di(butanoyloxy)propan-2-yl butanoate |
Chemidplus:0000060015 |
RTECS:ET7350000 for cas# 60-01-5 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
For Odor |
acidic |
iso butyric acid FL/FR |
cyclohexyl acetic acid FL/FR |
2- methyl butyric acid FL/FR |
aldehydic |
decanal (aldehyde C-10) FL/FR |
dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) FL/FR |
2- methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna) FL/FR |
tridecanal FL/FR |
buttery |
acetyl propionyl FL/FR |
butyl butyryl lactate FL/FR |
2,3- heptane dione FL/FR |
caramellic |
levulinic acid FL/FR |
cheesy |
butyric acid FL/FR |
heptanoic acid FL/FR |
2- methyl hexanoic acid FL/FR |
S-( methyl thio) butyrate FL/FR |
2- methyl valeric acid FL/FR |
2- methyl-2-hexenoic acid FR |
citrus |
(E)-4- decenal FL/FR |
2- tetradecenal FL/FR |
coconut |
gamma- nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) FL/FR |
delta- undecalactone FL/FR |
creamy |
creamy lactone FL/FR |
waxy lactone FL/FR |
fatty |
allyl octanoate FL/FR |
butyl undecylenate FL/FR |
(Z)- dairy lactone FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- decadien-1-ol FL/FR |
2,4- decadien-1-ol FL/FR |
decanol FL/FR |
(E)-2- decen-1-ol FL/FR |
2- decen-1-ol FL/FR |
(E)-2- decenal FL/FR |
ethyl undecylenate FL/FR |
hexanoic acid FL/FR |
delta- juniper lactone FL/FR |
methyl 10-undecenoate FL/FR |
4- methyl octanoic acid FL/FR |
(Z)-2- nonenal CS |
octanoic acid FL/FR |
(Z)- oleic acid FL/FR |
(E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- tridecatrienal FL/FR |
floral |
alpha- amyl cinnamaldehyde / methyl anthranilate schiff's base FR |
benzyl lactate FL/FR |
para- cresyl laurate FL/FR |
decanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base FR |
dimethyl octanol FL/FR |
(±)-4- ethyl octanal FL/FR |
jasmin absolute (from pommade) FL/FR |
jasmin pyranone FL/FR |
fresh |
10- undecen-1-yl acetate FL/FR |
fruity |
allyl cyclohexyl propionate FL/FR |
cyclohexyl carboxylic acid FL/FR |
decyl butyrate FL/FR |
ethyl hexanoate FL/FR |
filbert hexenone FL/FR |
4- heptanone FL/FR |
methyl 4-methyl valerate FL/FR |
2- methyl butyl isovalerate FL/FR |
prenyl hexanoate FL/FR |
sorbyl butyrate FL/FR |
green |
cilantro leaf oil FL/FR |
3,7- dimethyl-6-octenoic acid FL/FR |
ethyl (E)-4-decenoate FL/FR |
heptanal dimethyl acetal FL/FR |
(Z)-3- hepten-1-ol FL/FR |
(Z)-4- heptenal diethyl acetal FL/FR |
heptyl formate FL/FR |
(E)-2- hexenal FL/FR |
manzanate (Givaudan) FL/FR |
herbal |
butyl levulinate FL/FR |
2- dodecenal FL/FR |
musk |
iso ambrettolide FL/FR |
nutty |
nutty quinoxaline FL/FR |
oily |
amyl laurate FL/FR |
soapy |
benzyl laurate FL/FR |
ethyl undecanoate FL/FR |
tonka |
6- amyl-alpha-pyrone FL/FR |
waxy |
iso amyl decanoate FL/FR |
iso amyl laurate FL/FR |
(Z)-4- decen-1-ol FL/FR |
(E)-2- decen-1-yl acetate FL/FR |
9- decenoic acid FL/FR |
1- dodecanol FL/FR |
heptyl octanoate FL/FR |
2- methyl heptanoic acid FL/FR |
methyl myristate FL/FR |
methyl palmitate FL/FR |
methyl undecanoate FR |
myristic acid FL/FR |
2,4- nonadien-1-ol FL/FR |
nonanoic acid FL/FR |
2- nonanol FL/FR |
palmitic acid FR |
tetradecanal FL/FR |
2- tridecanone FL/FR |
undecanoic acid FL/FR |
For Flavor |
No flavor group found for these |
amyl laurate FL/FR |
benzyl lactate FL/FR |
(E)-2- decen-1-ol FL/FR |
(Z)-4- decen-1-ol FL/FR |
(E)-2- decen-1-yl acetate FL/FR |
ethyl cyclohexyl carboxylate FL |
(±)-4- ethyl octanal FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- heptadien-1-ol FL |
(Z)-3- hepten-1-ol FL/FR |
(Z)-3- hexenoic acid FL |
5- methyl hexanoic acid FL |
methyl myristate FL/FR |
methyl palmitate FL/FR |
4- methyl valeric acid FL |
prenyl hexanoate FL/FR |
2- tetradecenal FL/FR |
acidic |
acidic |
iso butyric acid FL/FR |
levulinic acid FL/FR |
bitter |
(E,Z,Z)-2,4,7- tridecatrienal FL/FR |
buttery |
2,3- heptane dione FL/FR |
2- methyl valeric acid FL/FR |
(E)-2- pentenoic acid FL |
cheesy |
hexanoic acid FL/FR |
citrus |
cilantro leaf oil FL/FR |
coconut |
gamma- nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) FL/FR |
cooling |
manzanate (Givaudan) FL/FR |
creamy |
acetoin butyrate FL |
6- amyl-alpha-pyrone FL/FR |
butyl butyryl lactate FL/FR |
creamy lactone FL/FR |
jasmin pyranone FL/FR |
2- methyl-4-pentenoic acid FL |
delta- undecalactone FL/FR |
waxy lactone FL/FR |
dairy |
4- pentenoic acid FL |
ethereal |
benzyl laurate FL/FR |
fatty |
allyl octanoate FL/FR |
iso amyl laurate FL/FR |
(Z)- dairy lactone FL/FR |
2,4- decadien-1-ol FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- decadien-1-ol FL/FR |
dimethyl octanol FL/FR |
dimethyl sulfoxide FL |
(E,E)-2,4- dodecadienal FL |
2- dodecenal FL/FR |
ethyl (E)-4-decenoate FL/FR |
ethyl undecylenate FL/FR |
heptyl formate FL/FR |
delta- juniper lactone FL/FR |
4- methyl octanoic acid FL/FR |
2,4- nonadien-1-ol FL/FR |
nonanoic acid FL/FR |
(E)-2- octenoic acid FL |
(Z)- oleic acid FL/FR |
tetradecanal FL/FR |
2- tridecanone FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- undecadienal FL |
fermented |
methyl thio isovalerate FL |
floral |
3,7- dimethyl-6-octenoic acid FL/FR |
jasmin absolute (from pommade) FL/FR |
fruity |
allyl cyclohexyl propionate FL/FR |
cyclohexyl carboxylic acid FL/FR |
decyl butyrate FL/FR |
ethyl (E)-2-octenoate FL |
ethyl hexanoate FL/FR |
filbert hexenone FL/FR |
4- heptanone FL/FR |
methyl 4-methyl valerate FL/FR |
2- methyl butyl isovalerate FL/FR |
2- methyl butyric acid FL/FR |
sorbyl butyrate FL/FR |
greasy |
10- undecen-1-yl acetate FL/FR |
green |
(E)-4- decenal FL/FR |
heptanal dimethyl acetal FL/FR |
(Z)-4- heptenal diethyl acetal FL/FR |
(E)-2- hexenal FL/FR |
herbal |
butyl levulinate FL/FR |
meaty |
2- methyl 3-(methyl thio) furan FL |
musk |
iso ambrettolide FL/FR |
musty |
S-( methyl thio) butyrate FL/FR |
nutty |
nutty quinoxaline FL/FR |
oily |
2- methyl hexanoic acid FL/FR |
soapy |
dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) FL/FR |
1- dodecanol FL/FR |
octanoic acid FL/FR |
sour |
butyric acid FL/FR |
2,4- dimethyl-2-pentenoic acid FL |
3- methyl valeric acid FL |
sulfurous |
methyl 4-(methyl thio) butyrate FL |
sweet |
cyclohexyl acetic acid FL/FR |
toasted |
acetyl propionyl FL/FR |
waxy |
iso amyl decanoate FL/FR |
butyl undecylenate FL/FR |
para- cresyl laurate FL/FR |
decanal (aldehyde C-10) FL/FR |
decanol FL/FR |
2- decen-1-ol FL/FR |
(E)-2- decenal FL/FR |
9- decenoic acid FL/FR |
ethyl undecanoate FL/FR |
heptanoic acid FL/FR |
heptyl octanoate FL/FR |
methyl 10-undecenoate FL/FR |
2- methyl heptanoic acid FL/FR |
2- methyl undecanal (aldehyde C-12 mna) FL/FR |
myristic acid FL/FR |
2- nonanol FL/FR |
octyl 2-furoate FL |
tridecanal FL/FR |
undecanoic acid FL/FR |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| butanoic acid 1,2,3-propane triyl ester | | butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester | | butanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester | | butyric acid 2-butyryloxy-1-butyryloxymethyl-ethyl ester | | butyric acid triester with glycerin | | butyrin | | butyryl triglyceride | 1,3- | di(butanoyloxy)propan-2-yl butanoate | | glycerin tributyrate | | glycerol tributanoate | | glycerol tributyrate | | glycerol tributyrin | | propane-1,2,3-triyl tributanoate | 1,2,3- | propanetriyl tributanoate | 1,2,3- | propanetriyl tributyrate | | tri-N-butyrin | | tributyrin | | tributyrl glyceride | 1,2,3- | tributyrylglycerol |
Articles:
PubMed:Production and characterization of a tributyrin esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum suitable for cheese lipolysis. |
J-Stage:A Novel Alkaline Esterase from Sporosarcina sp. nov. Strain eSP04 Catalyzing the Hydrolysis of a Wide Variety of Aryl-carboxylic Acid Esters |
PubMed:A novel esterase gene cloned from a metagenomic library from neritic sediments of the South China Sea. |
PubMed:Purification and characterization of a pregastric esterase from a hygienized kid rennet paste. |
PubMed:Purification and partial characterization of psychrotrophic Serratia marcescens lipase. |
PubMed:Comparative proteome profiling of bovine and human Staphylococcus epidermidis strains for screening specifically expressed virulence and adaptation proteins. |
PubMed:Preparation of low calorie structured lipids catalyzed by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene(TBD)-functionalized mesoporous SBA-15 silica in a heterogeneous manner. |
PubMed:The chemopreventive activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor tributyrin in colon carcinogenesis involves the induction of apoptosis and reduction of DNA damage. |
PubMed:Dietary supplementation with tributyrin alleviates intestinal injury in piglets challenged with intrarectal administration of acetic acid. |
PubMed:Transcriptomic responses provide a new mechanistic basis for the chemopreventive effects of folic acid and tributyrin in rat liver carcinogenesis. |
PubMed:Encapsulation of mixtures of tuna oil, tributyrin and resveratrol in a spray dried powder formulation. |
PubMed:Isolation and biochemical characterization of Bacillus pumilus lipases from the Antarctic. |
PubMed:The chemopreventive activity of the butyric acid prodrug tributyrin in experimental rat hepatocarcinogenesis is associated with p53 acetylation and activation of the p53 apoptotic signaling pathway. |
PubMed:Lipolysis within single culture and co-culture biofilms of dairy origin. |
PubMed:Molecular cloning of a novel bioH gene from an environmental metagenome encoding a carboxylesterase with exceptional tolerance to organic solvents. |
PubMed:Anticarcinogenic actions of tributyrin, a butyric acid prodrug. |
PubMed:Biotechnological and safety characterization of Enterococcus lactis, a recently described species of dairy origin. |
PubMed:[Gene cloning, expression and characterization of two cold-adapted lipases from Penicillium sp. XMZ-9]. |
PubMed:Cloning, sequencing, and characterization of lipase genes from a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-synthesizing Pseudomonas resinovorans. |
PubMed:Tributyrin attenuates obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat-fed mice. |
PubMed:Characterization of lipases from Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from human facial sebaceous skin. |
PubMed:Enzymatically catalyzed synthesis of low-calorie structured lipid in a solvent-free system: optimization by response surface methodology. |
PubMed:Butyrate delivered by butyrylated starch increases distal colonic epithelial apoptosis in carcinogen-treated rats. |
PubMed:Expression of active recombinant human gastric lipase in Nicotiana benthamiana using the CPMV-HT transient expression system. |
PubMed:Construction of the yeast whole-cell Rhizopus oryzae lipase biocatalyst with high activity. |
PubMed:Changes in psychrotrophic microbial populations during milk creaming to produce Grana Trentino cheese. |
PubMed:Site-specific saturation mutagenesis on residues 132 and 450 of Candida rugosa LIP2 enhances catalytic efficiency and alters substrate specificity in various chain lengths of triglycerides and esters. |
PubMed:Preparation of a whole-cell biocatalyst of Aspergillus niger lipase and its practical properties. |
PubMed:Design of nano-laminated coatings to control bioavailability of lipophilic food components. |
PubMed:SOA genes encode proteins controlling lipase expression in response to triacylglycerol utilization in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. |
PubMed:Emulsion-based delivery systems for tributyrin, a potential colon cancer preventative agent. |
PubMed:Development of an indirect method for measuring porcine pancreatic lipase in human duodenal fluid. |
PubMed:Quantitative determination of alpha-tocopherol distribution in a tributyrin/Brij 30/water model food emulsion. |
PubMed:Characterization and selection of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Iberian dry-fermented salchichón and chorizo sausages. |
PubMed:Importance of the residue Asp 290 on chain length selectivity and catalytic efficiency of recombinant Staphylococcus simulans lipase expressed in E. coli. |
PubMed:Characterization of new biosurfactant produced by Klebsiella sp. Y6-1 isolated from waste soybean oil. |
PubMed:Altering the substrate specificity of Candida rugosa LIP4 by engineering the substrate-binding sites. |
PubMed:Supplementary biochemical tests useful for the differentiation of oxidase positive staphylococci. |
PubMed:Phospholipid-based microemulsions suitable for use in foods. |
PubMed:Lipolytic activity and radial daily growth rate changes during incubation of thermomyces lanuginosus on natural and synthetic fatty substrates. |
PubMed:Technological properties of Enterococcus faecium isolated from ewe's milk and cheese with importance for flavour development. |
PubMed:Kinetic studies of lycopene isomerization in a tributyrin model system at gastric pH. |
PubMed:Screening of Korean medicinal plants for lipase inhibitory activity. |
PubMed:Purification and characterization of a pregastric esterase from a hygienized kid rennet paste. |
PubMed:Degradation of African locust bean oil by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus isolated from soumbala, a fermented African locust bean condiment. |
PubMed:Purification and partial characterization of psychrotrophic Serratia marcescens lipase. |
PubMed:Esterolytic and lipolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ewe's milk and cheese. |
PubMed:Enzymes from isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens involved in food spoilage. |
PubMed:Early weaning of calves using feedstuffs. A rationalization based on inhibition of lipolysis. |
PubMed:Influence of solvent absorption on the migration of Irganox 1076 from LDPE. |
PubMed:[Quantitative occurrence of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes in food of animal origin]. |
PubMed:Taxonomical and technological characteristics of Saccharomyces spp. associated with blue veined cheese. |
PubMed:Fatty acid steryl, stanyl, and steroid esters by esterification and transesterification in vacuo using Candida rugosa lipase as catalyst. |
PubMed:Presence and changes in populations of yeasts on raw and processed poultry products stored at refrigeration temperature. |
PubMed:Biochemical properties of Streptococcus macedonicus strains isolated from Greek Kasseri cheese. |
PubMed:Cloning, characterization, controlled overexpression, and inactivation of the major tributyrin esterase gene of Lactococcus lactis. |
PubMed:The effects of environmental conditions on the lipolytic activity of strains of Penicillium roqueforti. |
PubMed:Regulation of intestinal peptidases by nutrients in human fetuses and children. |
PubMed:Butyric acid and tributyrin induce apoptosis in human hepatic tumour cells. |
PubMed:Initiation of growth arrest and apoptosis of MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells by tributyrin, a triglyceride analogue of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, is associated with mitochondrial activity. |
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of a tributyrin esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum 2739. |
PubMed:Method for the rapid quantitative detection of lipolytic activity among food fermenting microorganisms. |
PubMed:Optimized enzymatic synthesis of geranyl butyrate with lipase AY from Candida rugosa. |
PubMed:Regulation of food intake by metabolic fuels in white-crowned sparrows. |
PubMed:Proteolytic and lipolytic activities of Micrococcus roseus (65), Halomonas elongata (16) and Vibrio sp. (168) isolated from Danish bacon curing brines. |
PubMed:Lipolytic activity and degradation of rapeseed oil and rapeseed by spoilage fungi. |
PubMed:Study of surface yeast flora of Roquefort cheese. |
PubMed:The effect of triacylglycerol chain length on food intake in domestic fowl. |
PubMed:Various dietary fibers have different effects on lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of tributyrin in vitro. |
PubMed:Factors affecting growth and lipase production by meat lactobacilli strains and Brochothrix thermosphacta. |
PubMed:[Lipolytic activity from milk isolated strains of the species Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Tsiklinsky 1899 (author's transl)]. |
PubMed:Simple media containing stabilized tributyrin for demonstrating lipolytic bacteria in foods and soils. |
PubMed:Assay for lipolytic and proteolytic activity using marine substrates. |
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