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Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white powder (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.94300 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.46500 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Melting Point: | 37.00 to 39.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 202.00 to 203.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.069000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 5.3 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 167.00 °F. TCC ( 75.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 2.550 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 461.4 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: earthy |
| Odor Strength:medium |
| Substantivity:12 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| earthy woody |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. earthy woody |
| clean cooling camphoreous pine woody eucalyptus green herbal minty |
Odor Description:at 1.00 %. Clean cooling camphoraceous, piney with a woody eucalyptol and slight green herbal minty nuances
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 25, No. 6, 26, (2000) |
| Flavor Type: camphoreous |
| camphoreous cooling pine earthy minty citrus lime spicy |
Taste Description: at 1.00 - 5.00 ppm. Intense camphoraceous, cooling, piney with an earthy nuance. It has minty-citrus lime and spicy notes
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 25, No. 6, 26, (2000) |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 38 - Irritating to skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24 - Avoid contact with skin.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for (-)-alpha-fenchol usage levels up to: | | | 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Recommendation for (-)-alpha-fenchol flavor usage levels up to: |
| | 5.0000 ppm in the finished product.
|
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| For Odor |
| amber |
sports amber fragrance
FR |
| anisic |
estragole
FL/FR |
| balsamic |
dextro- borneol
FL/FR |
dextro,laevo- borneol
FL/FR |
laevo- borneol
FL/FR |
iso bornyl formate
FL/FR |
iso bornyl methyl ether
FL/FR |
iso bornyl propionate
FL/FR |
cinnamyl formate
FL/FR |
dextro- fenchone
FL/FR |
fir needle oil siberia
FL/FR |
hexyl benzoate
FL/FR |
| camphoreous |
2,6- dimethyl-3-oxatricyclo(4.2.1.0*2,4*)nonane
FR |
fenchol
FL/FR |
laevo- fenchone
FL/FR |
hinoki leaf oil
FR |
melaleuca viridiflora leaf oil
FR |
| citrus |
(E+Z)-4,8- dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-yl acetate
FL/FR |
petitgrain combava oil
FR |
| clean |
cyclododecyl formate
FR |
| earthy |
2- octanone oxime
FR |
| ethereal |
ethyl 4-pentenoate
FL/FR |
| fatty |
(E)-2- octenal
FL/FR |
| floral |
bois de rose oil peru
FL/FR |
dihydro-alpha-ionone
FL/FR |
dihydrorose oxide
FR |
dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate
FL/FR |
geranium oil africa
FL/FR |
geranium oil egypt
FL/FR |
ho leaf oil
FR |
lavender oil
FL/FR |
linalool oxide
FL/FR |
2- pentyl cyclopentanone
FR |
rose pyran
FR |
| fruity |
3- allyl oxy-1,4-dimethyl bicyclo(3.2.1)octane
FR |
tropical indene
FR |
| green |
iso butyl heptanoate
FL/FR |
iso butyl methyl ketone
FL/FR |
2-sec- butyl thiazole
FL/FR |
iso cyclocitral (IFF)
FL/FR |
galbanum oil
FL/FR |
heptanal (aldehyde C-7)
FL/FR |
(Z)-4- hexen-1-ol
FL/FR |
3- hexenyl 2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR |
english ivy leaf absolute
FR |
seaweed absolute (fucus vesiculosus et serratus)
FL/FR |
| herbal |
1- allyl-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl cycloheptanol
FR |
1,4- cineole
FL/FR |
1,8- cineole
FL/FR |
ortho- cresyl salicylate
FL/FR |
dimethyl cyclormol (IFF)
FR |
geranic oxide
FL/FR |
cis- herbal cyclohexane
FR |
herbal dioxane
FR |
herbal undecane
FR |
6- hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers)
FL/FR |
hyssop oil
FL/FR |
spike lavender oil
FL/FR |
spike lavender oil spain
FL/FR |
linalyl formate
FL/FR |
melaleuca leucadendron cajaputi oil
FL/FR |
melaleuca leucadendron var. cajuputi leaf oil
FL/FR |
melaleuca linariifolia oil
FR |
melaleuca quinquenervia water
FR |
para- menthane-3,8-diol
FL/FR |
methyl cyclogeranate (Firmenich)
FR |
(E)-6- methyl-3-hepten-2-one
FL/FR |
niaouli oil
FR |
nonisyl formate
FR |
1- octen-3-yl acetate
FL/FR |
origanum oil
FL/FR |
origanum oil greece
FL/FR |
perillaldehyde
FL/FR |
pine hexanol
FR |
alpha- pinene
FL/FR |
rosemary absolute
FL/FR |
rosemary oil
FL/FR |
rosemary oil africa
FL/FR |
rosemary oil morocco
FL/FR |
rosemary oil spain
FL/FR |
rosemary oil tunisia
FL/FR |
rosemary specialty
FR |
sabinene hydrate
FL/FR |
tagete oil CO2 extract
FL/FR |
tagete oil south africa
FL/FR |
terpineols (unspec.) (mixed isomers)
FL/FR |
viridiflorol
FL/FR |
| mentholic |
laevo- menthol
FL/FR |
peppermint cyclohexanone
FL/FR |
| minty |
(-)-iso pulegol
FL/FR |
| mossy |
oakmoss absolute
FL/FR |
| musk |
acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin replacer
FR |
| naphthyl |
para- methyl anisole
FL/FR |
| spicy |
4- carvomenthenol
FL/FR |
cuminaldehyde
FL/FR |
elettaria cardamomum seed oil
FL/FR |
marjoram oil (thymus mastichina) spain
FL/FR |
white sassafras oil
FL/FR |
| terpenic |
cypress leaf oil
FR |
| thujonic |
cedarleaf oil terpeneless
FR |
sage oil (salvia lavandulifolia vahl.) spain
FL/FR |
sage oil dalmatian
FL/FR |
| woody |
iso bornyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
2-tert- butyl cyclohexanone
FR |
camphene
FL/FR |
epoxidized cedarwood oil
FR |
cyperus root oil (cyperus scariosus)
FR |
dihydro-beta-ionone
FL/FR |
herbal norbornane
FR |
hinoki root oil
FR |
indisan (IFF)
FR |
juniper berry oil terpenes
FR |
orris hexanone
FR |
pinacol
FR |
sandal cyclohexanol
FR |
sandela
FR |
santall
FR |
beta- terpineol
FL/FR |
verdoxan
FR |
vetiver oil haiti
FL/FR |
woody octene
FR |
zedoary bark oil
FL/FR |
| For Flavor |
| No flavor group found for these |
dextro,laevo- borneol
FL/FR |
dextro- borneol
FL/FR |
iso bornyl methyl ether
FL/FR |
iso butyl heptanoate
FL/FR |
4- butyl thiazole
FL |
2-sec- butyl thiazole
FL/FR |
ortho- cresyl salicylate
FL/FR |
(E+Z)-4,8- dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-yl acetate
FL/FR |
ethyl 4-pentenoate
FL/FR |
fig leaf absolute
FL |
(E,E)-2,4- hexadien-1-ol
FL |
melaleuca leucadendron var. cajuputi leaf oil
FL/FR |
para- menthane-3,8-diol
FL/FR |
(E)-6- methyl-3-hepten-2-one
FL/FR |
2- propyl thiazole
FL |
white sassafras oil
FL/FR |
seaweed absolute (fucus vesiculosus et serratus)
FL/FR |
beta- terpineol
FL/FR |
terpineols (unspec.) (mixed isomers)
FL/FR |
viridiflorol
FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| balsamic |
iso bornyl propionate
FL/FR |
fir needle oil siberia
FL/FR |
| berry |
dihydro-alpha-ionone
FL/FR |
| camphoreous |
laevo- borneol
FL/FR |
camphene
FL/FR |
fenchol
FL/FR |
laevo- fenchone
FL/FR |
geranic oxide
FL/FR |
6- hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers)
FL/FR |
rosemary oil tunisia
FL/FR |
| cooling |
4- carvomenthenol
FL/FR |
1,4- cineole
FL/FR |
dextro- fenchone
FL/FR |
spike lavender oil
FL/FR |
iso menthol
FL |
laevo- menthol
FL/FR |
sabinene hydrate
FL/FR |
| fatty |
(E)-2- octenal
FL/FR |
| floral |
bois de rose oil peru
FL/FR |
dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate
FL/FR |
geranium oil africa
FL/FR |
geranium oil egypt
FL/FR |
| fruity |
tagete oil CO2 extract
FL/FR |
tagete oil south africa
FL/FR |
| green |
iso butyl methyl ketone
FL/FR |
iso cyclocitral (IFF)
FL/FR |
galbanum oil
FL/FR |
heptanal (aldehyde C-7)
FL/FR |
(Z)-4- hexen-1-ol
FL/FR |
3- hexenyl 2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR |
hexyl benzoate
FL/FR |
linalool oxide
FL/FR |
oakmoss absolute
FL/FR |
1- octen-3-yl acetate
FL/FR |
| herbal |
2- acetoxy-1,8-cineole
FL |
hyssop oil
FL/FR |
lavender oil
FL/FR |
spike lavender oil spain
FL/FR |
linalyl formate
FL/FR |
melaleuca leucadendron cajaputi oil
FL/FR |
origanum oil
FL/FR |
origanum oil greece
FL/FR |
rosemary absolute
FL/FR |
rosemary oil
FL/FR |
rosemary oil africa
FL/FR |
rosemary oil morocco
FL/FR |
rosemary oil spain
FL/FR |
sage oil (salvia lavandulifolia vahl.) spain
FL/FR |
| licorice |
estragole
FL/FR |
| mentholic |
peppermint cyclohexanone
FL/FR |
| minty |
1,8- cineole
FL/FR |
(-)-iso pulegol
FL/FR |
| naphthyl |
para- methyl anisole
FL/FR |
| spicy |
cinnamyl formate
FL/FR |
cuminaldehyde
FL/FR |
elettaria cardamomum seed oil
FL/FR |
marjoram oil (thymus mastichina) spain
FL/FR |
perillaldehyde
FL/FR |
turmeric oleoresin
FL |
| terpenic |
para- menthatriene
FL |
| thujonic |
sage oil dalmatian
FL/FR |
| woody |
iso bornyl formate
FL/FR |
iso bornyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
dihydro-beta-ionone
FL/FR |
alpha- pinene
FL/FR |
vetiver oil haiti
FL/FR |
zedoary bark oil
FL/FR |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl-, (1S-endo)- | | 2-nor | bornanol, 1,3,3-trimethyl-, (-)-endo- | | (-)-alpha- | fenchol | | (-)-alpha- | fenchyl alcohol | | L-alpha- | fenchyl alcohol | | laevo-alpha- | fenchyl alcohol | | | trimethyl bicyclo-2-heptanol | | (1S-endo)-1,3,3- | trimethyl bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-ol | | (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3- | trimethyl bicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-ol | | (1S-endo)-1,3,3- | trimethyl-2-norbornanol | | 1,3,3- | trimethyl-2-norbornanol, (1S-endo)- | | (1S-endo)-1,3,3- | trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-ol | | (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3- | trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol |
Articles:
| PubMed:Kinetics and mechanisms of the tropospheric reactions of menthol, borneol, fenchol, camphor, and fenchone with hydroxyl radicals (OH) and chlorine atoms (Cl). |
| PubMed:Fragrance material review on fenchyl alcohol. |
| PubMed:Roles of human CYP2A6 and rat CYP2B1 in the oxidation of (+)-fenchol by liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of linalyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Stereochemistry of the enzymatic cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. |
| PubMed:Monoterpene biosynthesis: mechanistic evaluation of the geranyl pyrophosphate:(-)-endo-fenchol cyclase from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). |
| PubMed:Chemical composition and bioactivity of different oregano (Origanum vulgare) extracts and essential oil. |
| PubMed:Chemical analysis and biological activity of the essential oils of two endemic Soqotri Commiphora species. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effects of monoterpenes on human TRPA1 and the structural basis of their activity. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of monoterpenes: conversion of the acyclic precursors geranyl pyrophosphate and neryl pyrophosphate to the rearranged monoterpenes fenchol and fenchone by a soluble enzyme preparation from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of monoterpenes: preliminary characterization of i-endo-fenchol synthetase from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and evidence that no free intermediate is involved in the cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to the rearranged product. |
| PubMed:A superior P-H phosphonite: asymmetric allylic substitutions with fenchol-based palladium catalysts. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil and extracts of Zanthoxylum alatum grown in north-western Himalaya. |
| PubMed:Phosphinofenchol or metastable phosphorane? Phosphorus derivatives of fenchol. |
| PubMed:[GC-MS analysis of chemical components in seeds oil from Croton tiglium]. |
| PubMed:Distillation time effect on lavender essential oil yield and composition. |
| PubMed:Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus to volatiles from host pines and conspecifics. |
| PubMed:GC and GC/MS analysis of essential oil composition of the endemic Soqotraen Leucas virgata Balf.f. and its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. |
| PubMed:Grapevine bunch rots: impacts on wine composition, quality, and potential procedures for the removal of wine faults. |
| PubMed:Fumigant toxicity and oviposition deterrency of the essential oil from cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum, against three stored–product insects. |
| PubMed:Comparison of volatile constituents, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Thymus caucasicus, T. kotschyanus and T. vulgaris. |
| PubMed:Structure of 2-methylisoborneol synthase from Streptomyces coelicolor and implications for the cyclization of a noncanonical C-methylated monoterpenoid substrate. |
| PubMed:Effects of the origins of Botrytis cinerea on earthy aromas from grape broth media further inoculated with Penicillium expansum. |
| PubMed:Variation in volatile leaf oils of five Eucalyptus species harvested from Jbel Abderrahman arboreta (Tunisia). |
| PubMed:Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for improved analysis of geosmin and other fungal "off" volatiles in grape juice. |
| PubMed:Chemical diversity in the genus Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): comparative composition of four Alpinia species grown in Northern India. |
| PubMed:Effect of various essential oils isolated from Douglas fir needles upon sheep and deer rumen microbial activity. |
| PubMed:Compositional variability in essential oil from different parts of Alpinia speciosa from India. |
| PubMed:NIR-VCD, vibrational circular dichroism in the near-infrared: experiments, theory and calculations. |
| PubMed:Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to volatiles isolated from conspecifics. |
| PubMed:Acetophenone as an anti-attractant for the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus Brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:Odor thresholds of microbially induced off-flavor compounds in apple juice. |
| PubMed:Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of essential oil of Strobilanthus ixiocephala Benth. |
| PubMed:Olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric species of rice leaf folders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to plant volatiles. |
| PubMed:Monoterpenes as drug shuttles: cytotoxic (6-aminomethylnicotinate)dichloridoplatinum(II) complexes with potential to overcome cisplatin resistance. |
| PubMed:Determination of essential oil components of Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. using simultaneous hydrodistillation-static headspace liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Composition and antimalarial activity in vitro of the essential oil of Tetradenia riparia. |
| PubMed:Screening of antibacterial activities of twenty-one oxygenated monoterpenes. |
| PubMed:Olfactory discrimination of structurally related molecules: receptor cell responses to camphoraceous odorants. |
| PubMed:Sensitive indoor air monitoring of monoterpenes using different adsorbents and thermal desorption gas chromatography with mass-selective detection. |
| PubMed:Rationalization of enantioselectivities in dialkylzinc additions to benzaldehyde catalyzed by fenchone derivatives. |
| PubMed:Volatile compounds in the larval frass ofDendroctonus valens andDendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to oviposition by the predator,Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae). |
| PubMed:[GC-MS analysis and inhibitory activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Lindera communis]. |
| PubMed:Rapid headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay for the quantitative determination of some of the main odorants causing off-flavours in wine. |
| PubMed:A dispensable methoxy group? Phenyl fencholate as a chiral modifier of n-butyllithium. |
| PubMed:Relationships between odor-elicited oscillations in the salamander olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. |
| PubMed:Characterisation of volatile organic compounds in stemwood using solid-phase microextraction. |
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3D/inchi