|
Category:flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 1.08400 to 1.09000 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 9.020 to 9.070
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.42000 to 1.42600 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Melting Point: | -17.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 145.00 to 146.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 1.914000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 133.00 °F. TCC ( 56.11 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | -0.780 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
| Similar Items:note |
| acetone |
| acetone peroxide |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: caramellic |
| pungent sweet caramellic ethereal |
| Odor Description:at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. pungent sweet caramellic ethereal |
| Flavor Type: sweet |
| sweet green burnt |
| Taste Description: sweet slightly green burnt |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 23 - Do not breath vapour.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 2200 mg/kg
(Smyth & Carpenter, 1948)
oral-rat LD50 2200 mg/kg
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 30, Pg. 63, 1948.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for acetone alcohol usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.22 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 1600 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | I |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 24 |
| Click here to view publication 24 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 0.00200 | 1.50000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 4.00000 | 20.00000 |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | 0.00100 | 0.80000 |
| confectionery froastings: | 0.00200 | 1.50000 |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | 4.00000 | 20.00000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 0.00200 | 1.50000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
| jams / jellies: | 0.00100 | 0.80000 |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | 0.00200 | 1.50000 |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
| soups: | 0.00040 | 0.30000 |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | 0.00100 | 0.80000 |
| |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| | average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 4.00000 | 20.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 4.00000 | 20.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
|
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
|
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf
|
Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf
|
Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab)
View page or View pdf
|
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (2009)
View page or View pdf
|
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf
|
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 3 (FGE.10Rev3): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf
|
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):116-09-6 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :8299 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 1224 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| 1-hydroxypropan-2-one |
| Chemidplus:0000116096 |
| RTECS:UC2800000 for cas# 116-09-6 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| For Odor |
| acidic |
cyclohexyl acetic acid
FL/FR |
| animal |
methyl (E)-2-octenoate
FL/FR |
| balsamic |
2- acetyl furan
FL/FR |
| buttery |
acetoin
FL/FR |
acetyl propionyl
FL/FR |
3,4- hexane dione
FL/FR |
| caramellic |
2-oxo butyric acid
FL/FR |
caramel furanone solution
FL/FR |
caramel pentadione
FL/FR |
cyclotene
FL/FR |
cyclotene hydrate
FL/FR |
alpha,alpha- dimethyl anisyl acetone
FL/FR |
ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR |
ethyl cyclopentenolone
FL/FR |
ethyl furaneol
FL/FR |
ethyl maltol
FL/FR |
5- ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
FL/FR |
fenugreek absolute
FL/FR |
immortelle absolute
FL/FR |
levulinic acid
FL/FR |
maltol
FL/FR |
maltyl propionate
FL/FR |
maple furanone
FL/FR |
menthone lactone
FL/FR |
5- methyl furfural
FL/FR |
rosefuran
FL/FR |
shoyu furanone
FL/FR |
strawberry furanone
FL/FR |
strawberry furanone acetate
FL/FR |
strawberry furanone solution
FL/FR |
toffee furanone
FL/FR |
| coconut |
gamma- heptalactone
FL/FR |
| creamy |
gamma- butyrolactone
FL/FR |
3- heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
FL/FR |
| ethereal |
ethyl 4-pentenoate
FL/FR |
ethyl pyruvate
FL/FR |
| fatty |
(E)-2- octenal
FL/FR |
| fermented |
ethyl (E)-2-crotonate
FL/FR |
| floral |
(Z)-3- hexen-1-yl salicylate
FL/FR |
rose butanoate
FL/FR |
| fruity |
iso butyl 2-butenoate
FL/FR |
iso butyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
ethyl 3-hexenoate
FL/FR |
ethyl lactate
FL/FR |
(E,E)- ethyl sorbate
FL/FR |
(E)- ethyl tiglate
FL/FR |
neryl isobutyrate
FL/FR |
prenyl acetate
FL/FR |
tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate
FL/FR |
| green |
iso amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate
FL/FR |
hexyl isobutyrate
FL/FR |
phenethyl tiglate
FL/FR |
| herbal |
butyl levulinate
FL/FR |
clary sage absolute
FL/FR |
| honey |
methyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR |
| musty |
3- acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan
FL/FR |
ketoiso phorone
FL/FR |
| nutty |
2- acetyl-3,5(or 6)-dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR |
1,2- cyclohexane dione
FL/FR |
2,3- dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR |
nutty cyclohexenone
FL/FR |
| phenolic |
4- methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
FL/FR |
| spicy |
methyl heptadienone
FL/FR |
(E)- tiglic acid
FL/FR |
| sweet |
vanilla oleoresin bali
FL/FR |
| vanilla |
ethyl vanillin
FL/FR |
vanilla oleoresin bourbon
FL/FR |
vanillyl isobutyrate
FL/FR |
| vegetable |
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
FL/FR |
| For Flavor |
| No flavor group found for these |
2- acetyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine
FL |
allyl 2-furoate
FL |
benzyl disulfide
FL |
1,2- cyclohexane dione
FL/FR |
2,5- diethyl tetrahydrofuran
FL |
alpha,alpha- dimethyl anisyl acetone
FL/FR |
ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR |
ethyl 4-pentenoate
FL/FR |
5- ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
FL/FR |
furfuryl acetone
FL |
menthone lactone
FL/FR |
rosefuran
FL/FR |
strawberry furanone ethyl ether
FL |
|
iso amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate
FL/FR |
| acidic |
| acidic |
levulinic acid
FL/FR |
dextro,laevo- tartaric acid
FL |
| bready |
mango furanone
FL |
| brown |
2-oxo butyric acid
FL/FR |
5- methyl furfural
FL/FR |
tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate
FL/FR |
(E)- tiglic acid
FL/FR |
| burnt |
furfuryl alcohol
FL |
| buttery |
diacetyl
FL |
3,4- hexane dione
FL/FR |
| caramellic |
caramel dione
FL |
caramel furanone
FL |
caramel furanone solution
FL/FR |
caramel pentadione
FL/FR |
cyclotene
FL/FR |
cyclotene hydrate
FL/FR |
ethyl furaneol
FL/FR |
ethyl maltol
FL/FR |
5- ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl cyclohexen-2-one
FL |
fenugreek absolute
FL/FR |
maltol
FL/FR |
maltyl propionate
FL/FR |
maple furanone
FL/FR |
3- methyl butyl 2-furyl butyrate
FL |
pyruvaldehyde
FL |
shoyu furanone
FL/FR |
strawberry furanone
FL/FR |
strawberry furanone acetate
FL/FR |
strawberry furanone solution
FL/FR |
toffee furanone
FL/FR |
| citrus |
ketoiso phorone
FL/FR |
| coffee |
2- thiophene thiol
FL |
| creamy |
acetoin
FL/FR |
2- propanoyl thiophene
FL |
| fatty |
(E)-2- octenal
FL/FR |
(E,E)-2,4- undecadienal
FL |
2,4- undecadienal
FL |
| floral |
methyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR |
rosa canina seed extract
FL |
| fruity |
ethyl 3-hexenoate
FL/FR |
ethyl 3-oxohexanoate
FL |
ethyl lactate
FL/FR |
(E,E)- ethyl sorbate
FL/FR |
(E)- ethyl tiglate
FL/FR |
furfuryl valerate
FL |
3- heptyl dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
FL/FR |
methyl (E)-2-octenoate
FL/FR |
neryl isobutyrate
FL/FR |
2- pentanoyl furan
FL |
prenyl acetate
FL/FR |
rose butanoate
FL/FR |
| green |
iso butyl 2-butenoate
FL/FR |
iso butyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
2- furyl acetone
FL |
(E)-2- heptenal
FL |
(Z)-3- hexen-1-yl salicylate
FL/FR |
hexyl isobutyrate
FL/FR |
immortelle absolute
FL/FR |
methyl heptadienone
FL/FR |
phenethyl tiglate
FL/FR |
2- propyl pyrazine
FL |
2- vinyl pyrazine
FL |
| herbal |
butyl levulinate
FL/FR |
clary sage absolute
FL/FR |
5- hydroxymethyl furfural
FL |
| jammy |
ethyl cyclopentenolone
FL/FR |
| lactonic |
gamma- heptalactone
FL/FR |
| malty |
hordeum vulgare extract (cereal grass)
FL |
| milky |
gamma- butyrolactone
FL/FR |
| mushroom |
methional diethyl acetal
FL |
| musty |
ethyl (E)-2-crotonate
FL/FR |
| nutty |
2- acetyl furan
FL/FR |
3- acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan
FL/FR |
2- acetyl-3,5(or 6)-dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR |
2,3- dimethyl pyrazine
FL/FR |
nutty cyclohexenone
FL/FR |
peanut oxazole
FL |
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
FL/FR |
| phenolic |
4- methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
FL/FR |
| roasted |
acer spicatum bark extract
FL |
| rummy |
ethyl pyruvate
FL/FR |
| sweet |
cyclohexyl acetic acid
FL/FR |
honey distillates
FL |
vanilla oleoresin bali
FL/FR |
| toasted |
acetyl propionyl
FL/FR |
| vanilla |
ethyl vanillin
FL/FR |
vanilla oleoresin bourbon
FL/FR |
vanillyl isobutyrate
FL/FR |
| waxy |
furfuryl octanoate
FL |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | acetol | | | acetol natural | | | acetol natural 1% in ethyl alcohol | | | acetol natural 5% in ethyl alcohol | | | acetomethanol | | | acetone, 1-hydroxy- | | | acetyl carbinol | | | acetyl methanol | | | acetylcarbinol | | | acetylmethanol | | 1- | hydroxy-2-propanone | | 1- | hydroxy-2-propanone (acetol) | | 1- | hydroxy-propan-2-one | | | hydroxyacetone | | 1- | hydroxyacetone | | a- | hydroxyacetone | | | hydroxymethyl methyl ketone | | 1- | hydroxypropan-2-one | | | hydroxypropanone | | | methylketol
| | 1- | oxidanylpropan-2-one | | 2-oxo | propan-1-ol | | 2-oxo | propanol | | 2- | propanone, 1-hydroxy- | | 2-keto | propyl alcohol | | 2-oxo | propyl alcohol | | | pyruvic alcohol | | | pyruvinalcohol | | | rongal 5242 |
Articles:
| Info:Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) |
| US Patents:3,952,024 - Furfurylthioacetone |
| PubMed:Aspirin |
| US Patents:Certain 2,5-dimethyl-3-thiopyrazines |
| PubMed:(13)C metabolic flux analysis-guided metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for improved acetol production from glycerol |
| PubMed:Production of acetol from glycerol using engineered Escherichia coli |
| PubMed:Measurement of acetol in serum |
| PubMed:Isopropanol poisoning |
| PubMed:Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance acetol production from glycerol |
| PubMed:Risk evaluation of impurities in topical excipients: The acetol case |
| PubMed:Identification of ethanol-inducible P-450 isozyme 3a as the acetone and acetol monooxygenase of rabbit microsomes |
| PubMed:New ideas, old problems? Heated tobacco products - a systematic review |
| PubMed:The quantitative determination of acetol |
| PubMed:Conversion of methylglyoxal to acetol by Escherichia coli aldo-keto reductases |
| PubMed:Imidazole acetol phosphate aminotransferase in Zymomonas mobilis: molecular genetic, biochemical, and evolutionary analyses |
| PubMed:The metabolism of acetol phosphate. II. 1,2-Propanediol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| PubMed:Acetone and acetol inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes |
| PubMed:The anticonvulsant activity of acetone, the major ketone body in the ketogenic diet, is not dependent on its metabolites acetol, 1,2-propanediol, methylglyoxal, or pyruvic acid |
| PubMed:The metabolism of acetone in rat |
| PubMed:Organocatalytic synthesis of carbohydrates |
| PubMed:Mechanisms non-enzymatic browning in orange juice during storage |
| PubMed:Synthesis of Karrikinolide Using the Aldol-Type Acetal Addition Reaction |
| PubMed:Monitoring carbonyl-amine reaction and enolization of 1-hydroxy-2-propanone (Acetol) by FTIR spectroscopy |
| PubMed:HUMAN'S BREATH DURING MODELED PROLONGED HYPODYNAMIA |
| PubMed:Quantitation of acetol in common pharmaceutical excipients using LC-MS |
| PubMed:The phosphorylation of acetol |
| PubMed:Observations on blood acetol after administration of acetol, methyl alcohol, and formaldehyde to rabbits |
| PubMed:Reduction of trioses by NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductases. Aldose reductase, methylglyoxal, and diabetic complications |
| PubMed:Thermal Cracking of Sugars for the Production of Glycolaldehyde and Other Small Oxygenates |
| PubMed:Genome Scale Metabolic Model of the versatile methanotroph Methylocella silvestris |
| PubMed:Molybdenum Dopped Copper Ferrites as Active Catalysts for Alcohols Oxidative Coupling |
| PubMed:Organocatalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Arylglyoxals and Hydroxyacetone: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroxy-1,4-diones |
| PubMed:Evolution of a Metal-Organic Framework into a Br?nsted Acid Catalyst for Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein |
| PubMed:The enzymatic oxidation of 1,2-propanediol phosphate to acetol phosphate |
| PubMed:Catalytic function of the mycobacterial binuclear iron monooxygenase in acetone metabolism |
| PubMed:Metabolism of methylglyoxal in microorganisms |
| PubMed:Valorization of pyrolysis water: a biorefinery side stream, for 1,2-propanediol production with engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum |
| PubMed:Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Key Parameters Affecting the Release of Harmful Chemicals |
| PubMed:The in vitro production of a yellow-brown melanin-like pigment in the organic matrix of noncarious human tooth crowns by methylglyoxal and acetol |
| PubMed:Metabolomic analysis of lung cancer patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| PubMed:Actinobacterial Degradation of 2-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Proceeds via Acetone and Formyl-CoA by Employing a Thiamine-Dependent Lyase Reaction |
| PubMed:Controlling reaction pathways of selective C-O bond cleavage of glycerol |
| PubMed:Activation of alternative metabolic pathways diverts carbon flux away from isobutanol formation in an engineered Escherichia coli strain |
| PubMed:Ketosis leads to increased methylglyoxal production on the Atkins diet |
| PubMed:Microbial formation, biotechnological production and applications of 1,2-propanediol |
| PubMed:Hydroxyacetone: A Glycerol-Based Platform for Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation Processes |
| PubMed:METHYL KETONE METABOLISM IN HYDROCARBON-UTILIZING MYCOBACTERIA |
| PubMed:Catalytic cracking of model compounds of bio-oil over HZSM-5 and the catalyst deactivation |
| PubMed:Bis(isopropyl-triphenyl-phospho-nium) di-?-iodido-bis-[iodidocopper(I)] |
| PubMed:YqhD: a broad-substrate range aldehyde reductase with various applications in production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals |
| PubMed:Reactive carbonyl species as key control point for optimization of reaction flavors |
| PubMed:The production of 1,2-propanediol in ethanol treated rats |
| PubMed:Alpha-hydroxyketones as inhibitors of urease |
| PubMed:Production of 1,2-propanediol in photoautotrophic Synechocystis is linked to glycogen turn-over |
| PubMed:[On the participation of acetol phosphate in the photo-phosphorylation in pea chloroplasts] |
| PubMed:[On participation of acetol phosphate in fixation of carbon dioxide] |
| PubMed:Structures and reaction mechanisms of glycerol dehydration over H-ZSM-5 zeolite: a density functional theory study |
| PubMed:Ethanol oxidation and toxicity: role of alcohol P-450 oxygenase |
| PubMed:A review of constituents identified in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols |
| PubMed:Oxidations of p-alkoxyacylanilides catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 1A2: structure-activity relationships and simulation of rate constants of individual steps in catalysis |
| PubMed:Up-regulation of aldolase A and methylglyoxal production in adipocytes |
| PubMed:Lactobacillus demonstrate thiol-independent metabolism of methylglyoxal: Implications toward browning prevention in Parmesan cheese |
| PubMed:Synthesis of orthogonally protected (2S)-2-amino-adipic acid (à-AAA) and (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxyadipic acid (Ahad) |
| PubMed:Screening of genes related to methylglyoxal susceptibility |
| PubMed:Vibrational analysis of hydroxyacetone |
| PubMed:What makes P450s work? Searches for answers with known and new P450s |
| PubMed:[Methylglyoxal--test for biological dysfunctions of homeostasis and endoecology, low cytosolic glucose level, and gluconeogenesis from fatty acids] |
| PubMed:Synthesis and antiviral activity of C-fluoro-branched cyclopropyl nucleosides |
| PubMed:The production of formaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in methacrolein photooxidation: New insights into mechanism and effects of water vapor |
| PubMed:Enantioselective and solvent-controlled diastereoselective Mannich reaction of isatin imines with hydroxyacetone: synthesis of 3-substituted 3-aminooxindoles |
| PubMed:Methylglyoxal resistance in Bacillus subtilis: contributions of bacillithiol-dependent and independent pathways |
| PubMed:Measurement of atmospheric hydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde, and formaldehyde |
| PubMed:[Quantitative determination of acetol, with special reference to its formation in alkaline sugar decomposition] |
| PubMed:Characterization of the key aroma compounds in pork soup stock by using an aroma extract dilution analysis |
| PubMed:Metabolomics approach reveals annual metabolic variation in roots of Cyathula officinalis Kuan based on gas chromatography-mass spectrum |
| PubMed:Engineering a cyanobacterium as the catalyst for the photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to 1,2-propanediol |
| PubMed:Molecular cloning and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe his3 gene for use as a selectable marker |
| PubMed:Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic acidosis |
| PubMed:Organocatalytic asymmetric aldol reaction of hydroxyacetone with ?,?-unsaturated à-keto esters: facile access to chiral tertiary alcohols |
| PubMed:Non-invasive assessment of culture media from goat cloned embryos associated with subjective morphology by gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis |
| PubMed:Mechanisms of acrylamide formation: Maillard-induced transformation of asparagine |
| PubMed:Stability of intermediates in the glycerol hydrogenolysis on transition metal catalysts from first principles |
| PubMed:Interaction of acetone, hydroxyacetone, acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde with the surface of water ice and HNO3ú3H2O ice |
| PubMed:Citric acid inhibits development of cataracts, proteinuria and ketosis in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic rats |
| PubMed:Combination treatment of epilepsy with ketogenic diet and concurrent pharmacological inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 |
| PubMed:Rate-determining steps in phenacetin oxidations by human cytochrome P450 1A2 and selected mutants |
| PubMed:N(delta)-(5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-yl)-l-ornithine, a novel methylglyoxal-arginine modification in beer |
| PubMed:Determination of Chemical Compounds Generated from Second-generation E-cigarettes Using a Sorbent Cartridge Followed by a Two-step Elution Method |
| PubMed:The metabolism of acetol phosphate. I. Synthesis, properties and enzymic reduction |
| PubMed:Mixed-function supraoperons that exhibit overall conservation, albeit shuffled gene organization, across wide intergenomic distances within eubacteria |
| PubMed:Mechanism of formation of sulphur aroma compounds from l-ascorbic acid and l-cysteine during the Maillard reaction |
| PubMed:Furfural from Pine Needle Extract Inhibits the Growth of a Plant Pathogenic Fungus, Alternaria mali |
| PubMed:Purification and properties of a NAD-linked 1,2-propanediol dehydrogenase from propane-grown Pseudomonas fluorescens NRRL B-1244 |
| PubMed:Understanding non-enzymatic aminophospholipid glycation and its inhibition. Polar head features affect the kinetics of Schiff base formation |
| PubMed:An amine: hydroxyacetone aminotransferase from Moraxella lacunata WZ34 for alaninol synthesis |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of terpenes. Preparation of (E)-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-but-2-enyl 4-diphosphate, an intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway |
| PubMed:Structural studies of the catalytic reaction pathway of a hyperthermophilic histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase |
| PubMed:Acetone metabolism in humans during diabetic ketoacidosis |
| PubMed:Preparation of (R)- and (S)-propylene glycol with baker's yeast |
| PubMed:Valorization of Rhizoclonium sp. algae via pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis |
| PubMed:Phosphoenolpyruvate- and ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases: covalent substrate-binding and kinetic mechanism |
| PubMed:Absolute rate coefficient of the gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydroxyacetone: investigating the effects of temperature and pressure |
| PubMed:Reductive metabolism of AGE precursors: a metabolic route for preventing AGE accumulation in cardiovascular tissue |
| PubMed:Inactivation of cellular enzymes by carbonyls and protein-bound glycation/glycoxidation products |
| PubMed:Production and interconversion of 1,2-propanediol and hydroxyacetone by Escherichia coli |
| PubMed:Oxo-vanadium as a spin probe for the investigation of the metal coordination environment of imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase |
| PubMed:L-Aspartate semialdehyde and a 6-deoxy-5-ketohexose 1-phosphate are the precursors to the aromatic amino acids in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii |
| PubMed:The metabolism of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine by microsomes and hepatocytes from Fischer 344 rats |
| PubMed:Methylglyoxal production in vascular smooth muscle cells from different metabolic precursors |
| PubMed:Acetone catabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1: studies with CYP2E1-null mice |
| PubMed:Glucose formation from methylglyoxal in hepatocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: the effect of insulin |
| PubMed:Methylglyoxal and the polyol pathway. Three-carbon compounds are substrates for sheep liver sorbitol dehydrogenase |
| PubMed:Divergent metabolic pathways for propane and propionate utilization by a soil isolate |
| PubMed:Amidic and acetonic cryoprotectants improve cryopreservation of volvocine green algae |
| PubMed:In-depth mechanistic study on the formation of acrylamide and other vinylogous compounds by the maillard reaction |
| PubMed:Thermal decomposition of specifically phosphorylated D-glucoses and their role in the control of the Maillard reaction |
| PubMed:NMR-spectroscopy-based metabonomic approach to the analysis of Bay41-4109, a novel anti-HBV compound, induced hepatotoxicity in rats |
| PubMed:Carbohydrate and amino acid degradation pathways in L-methionine/D-[13C] glucose model systems |
| PubMed:Reactivity of epicatechin in aqueous glycine and glucose maillard reaction models: quenching of C2, C3, and C4 sugar fragments |
| PubMed:Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Glycerol Hydrogenolysis over a CuCr(2) O(4) Catalyst |
| PubMed:Copolymer-supported heterogeneous organocatalyst for asymmetric aldol addition in aqueous medium |
| PubMed:Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by ascorbic acid and other reducing agents |
| PubMed:Formation of flavor components by the reaction of amino acid and carbonyl compounds in mild conditions |
| PubMed:Hydroxylation of acetone by ethanol- and acetone-inducible cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes and reconstituted membranes |
| PubMed:Structures of Escherichia coli histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase and its complexes with histidinol-phosphate and N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-glutamate: double substrate recognition of the enzyme |
| PubMed:Volatile composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) commercial teas through solid phase extraction |
| PubMed:Synthesis, binding properties, and 18F labeling of fluorocarazolol, a high-affinity beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist |
| PubMed:Activity of bilobalide, a sesquiterpene from Ginkgo biloba, on Pneumocystis carinii |
| PubMed:Amino acid catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reactions: a bioorganic approach to catalytic asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions |
| PubMed:Net glucose production from acetone in isolated murine hepatocytes. The effect of different pretreatments of mice |
| PubMed:Formation of the reduced form of furaneol? (2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-3-one) during the Maillard reaction through catalysis of amino acid metal salts |
| PubMed:Selective production of 1,2-propylene glycol from Jerusalem artichoke tuber using Ni-W(2) C/AC catalysts |
| PubMed:Hydrogen-driven asymmetric reduction of hydroxyacetone to (R)-1,2-propanediol by Ralstonia eutropha transformant expressing alcohol dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces lactis |
| PubMed:Influence of inorganic salts on the primary pyrolysis products of cellulose |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from recombinant Escherichia coli |
| PubMed:Overexpression of glyoxalase-I in bovine endothelial cells inhibits intracellular advanced glycation endproduct formation and prevents hyperglycemia-induced increases in macromolecular endocytosis |
| PubMed:Cellulose conversion with tungstated-alumina-based catalysts: influence of the presence of platinum and mechanistic studies |
| PubMed:[Methylglyoxal--a test for impaired biological functions of exotrophy and endoecology, low glucose level in the cytosol and gluconeogenesis from fatty acids (a lecture)] |
| PubMed:Yeast fermentation of carboxylic acids obtained from pyrolytic aqueous phases for lipid production |
| PubMed:Secondary organic aerosol formation during evaporation of droplets containing atmospheric aldehydes, amines, and ammonium sulfate |
| PubMed:The metabolism of acetone in the pregnant rat |
| PubMed:Assignment of the Fundamental Modes of Hydroxyacetone Using Gas-Phase Infrared, Far-Infrared, Raman, and ab Initio Methods: Band Strengths for Atmospheric Measurements |
| PubMed:Pyrolysis of inulin, glucose, and fructose |
| PubMed:What is the antiseizure activity of acetone due to? |
| PubMed:Molecular characterization and expression study of a histidine auxotrophic mutant (his1-) of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia |
| PubMed:Biochemical origins of lactaldehyde and hydroxyacetone in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii |
| PubMed:Reactivity of 1-deoxy-D-erythro-hexo-2,3-diulose: a key intermediate in the maillard chemistry of hexoses |
| PubMed:Utilization of acetic acid-rich pyrolytic bio-oil by microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: reducing bio-oil toxicity and enhancing algal toxicity tolerance |
| PubMed:The anticonvulsant activity of acetone does not depend upon its metabolites |
| PubMed:Redox activation of galactose oxidase: thin-layer electrochemical study |
| PubMed:Enzymatic metabolism of 3-deoxyglucosone, a Maillard intermediate |
| PubMed:Characterization of primary thermal degradation features of lignocellulosic biomass after removal of inorganic metals by diverse solvents |
| PubMed:Asymmetric self- and cross-aldol reactions of glycolaldehyde catalyzed by D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase |
| PubMed:Evidence for a male-produced pheromone in Tetropium fuscum (F.) and Tetropium cinnamopterum (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) |
| PubMed:Kinetic characteristics of ZENECA ZD5522, a potent inhibitor of human and bovine lens aldose reductase |
| PubMed:A probable mixed-function supraoperon in Pseudomonas exhibits gene organization features of both intergenomic conservation and gene shuffling |
| PubMed:Experimental evolution of a novel pathway for glycerol dissimilation in Escherichia coli |
| PubMed:Small peptides catalyze highly enantioselective direct aldol reactions of aldehydes with hydroxyacetone: unprecedented regiocontrol in aqueous media |
| PubMed:A comparison of the electrophilic reactivities of Zn2+ and acetic acid as catalysts of enolization: imperatives for enzymatic catalysis of proton transfer at carbon |
| PubMed:Origin of carbohydrate degradation products in L-Alanine/D-[(13)C]glucose model systems |
| PubMed:Two-directional elaboration of hydroxyacetone under thermodynamically controlled conditions: allylation or 2-propynylation and aldol reaction |
| PubMed:Determination of optimum conditions for the analysis of volatile components in pine needles by double-shot pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| PubMed:Oxyradical production results from the Fe3(+)-doxorubicin complex undergoing self-reduction by its alpha-ketol group |
| PubMed:Reaction of HO with hydroxyacetone (HOCH2C(O)CH3): rate coefficients (233-363 K) and mechanism |
| PubMed:[Sigmoid sinus thrombosis as a complication of otitis media] |
| PubMed:Reduction of methylglyoxal in Escherichia coli K12 by an aldehyde reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase |
| PubMed:Approaches to wine aroma: release of aroma compounds from reactions between cysteine and carbonyl compounds in wine |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of NADPH-dependent 2-oxoaldehyde reductase from porcine liver. A self-defence enzyme preventing the advanced stage of the Maillard reaction |
| PubMed:An enzyme common to histidine and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis |
| PubMed:Mutagenicity of methylglyoxal in coffee |
| PubMed:Isotope effect studies of the chemical mechanism of pig heart NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase |
| PubMed:Asymmetric syn-selective direct aldol reaction of protected hydroxyacetone catalyzed by primary amino acid derived bifunctional organocatalyst in the presence of water |
| PubMed:Desmutagenic effect of alpha-dicarbonyl and alpha-hydroxycarbonyl compounds against mutagenic heterocyclic amines |
| PubMed:Identification of hexose hydrolysis products in metabolic flux analytes: a case study of levulinic acid in plant protein hydrolysate |
| PubMed:Matrix-isolation study and ab initio calculations of the structure and spectra of hydroxyacetone |
| PubMed:Responses to insulin by two forms of rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 that undergo major (RLM6) and minor (RLM5b) elevations in diabetes |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of an enzyme that has dihydroxyacetone-reducing activity from methanol-grown Hansenula ofunaensis |
| PubMed:First synthesis and anti-HIV evaluation of 4'-methyl-cyclopentanyl 9-deazaadenosine |
| PubMed:A highly purified enrichment culture couples the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to growth |
| PubMed:Modulation of CD3- large granular lymphocyte functions by agonist and antagonists of protein kinase C: effects on NK and lymphokine-activated killer activity and production of IFN-gamma |
| PubMed:Immunochemical quantitation of thymine glycol in oxidized and X-irradiated DNA |
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