Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | pale yellow to yellow clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 97.00 to 100.00
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 1.03100 to 1.03700 @ 25.00 °C.
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Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.579 to 8.629
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Refractive Index: | 1.55400 to 1.56300 @ 20.00 °C.
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Boiling Point: | 101.00 to 102.00 °C. @ 19.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 96.00 to 98.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
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Acid Value: | 1.00 max. KOH/g
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Vapor Pressure: | 0.101000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 187.00 °F. TCC ( 86.11 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 3.480 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 62.2 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Insoluble in: |
| water |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: phenolic |
chemical phenolic smoky tobacco |
Odor Description:at 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. chemical phenolic smoke tobacco |
chemical resinous phenolic smoky tobacco pungent licorice black licorice leathery smoky bacon meaty |
Odor Description:at 1.00 %. Chemical tar-like, phenolic, smoky, tobacco, slightly pungent with a hint of black licorice drops, leather, cade oil and smoky bacon meaty Mosciano, Gerard, P&F No. 5th ed., 30, 48, (2005) |
Flavor Type: chemical |
chemical burnt woody coumarinic tobacco whiskey fusel resinous |
Taste Description: at 2.00 ppm. Chemical, burnt woody, coumarin-like, tobacco, whiskey and slightly fusel like, tarry with a lingering aftertaste Mosciano, Gerard, P&F No. 5th ed., 30, 48, (2005) |
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
Recommendation for 2,3-dimethyl benzofuran usage levels up to: | | 0.0500 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.52 (μg/capita/day) |
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.01 (μg/capita/day) |
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 160 (μg/person/day) |
Threshold of Concern: | 90 (μg/person/day) |
Structure Class: | III |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 11 |
Click here to view publication 11 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 2.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | 1.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | - |
fruit ices: | - | - |
gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | - |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | 1.00000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | 1.00000 |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | 1.00000 |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
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Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 0.43000 | - |
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.50000 | 1.40000 |
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 0.17000 | - |
Processed fruit (04.1): | - | - |
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
Confectionery (05.0): | 0.01700 | 0.04300 |
Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - |
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | - | - |
Bakery wares (07.0): | - | - |
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | - | - |
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | - | - |
Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 0.43000 | - |
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | - | - |
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 0.23000 | 1.40000 |
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 0.54000 | 2.90000 |
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | - | - |
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 67 (FGE.67): Consideration of 40 furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers evaluated by JECFA at the 65th meeting (JECFA, 2006b) and re-evaluated at the 69th meeting (JECFA, 2009c) View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67, Revision 1 (FGE.67Rev.1): Consideration of 40 furan-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and related esters, sulfides, disulfides and ethers evaluated by JECFA at the 65th meeting (JECFA, 2006b) and re-evaluated at the 69th meeting (JECFA, 2009c) View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67 Revision 2 (FGE.67Rev2): Consideration of 28 furan-substituted compounds evaluated by JECFA at the 55th, 65th and 69th meetings (JECFA, 2001, 2006a, 2009b) View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 67, Revision 3 (FGE.67Rev3): consideration of 23 furan-substituted compounds evaluated by JECFA at the 55th, 65th, 69th and 86th meetings View page or View pdf
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EPI System: View |
AIDS Citations:Search |
Cancer Citations:Search |
Toxicology Citations:Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):3782-00-1 |
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :2734646 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
WGK Germany:3 |
2,3-dimethyl-1-benzofuran |
Chemidplus:0003782001 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
For Odor |
amber |
ambrette seed absolute FL/FR |
animal |
iso butyl quinoline FR |
2-iso butyl quinoline FR |
iso butyl quinoline FR |
6-tert- butyl-meta-cresol FL/FR |
castoreum resinoid FL/FR |
castoreum resinoid replacer FR |
leather fragrance FR |
6- methyl quinoline FL/FR |
anise |
anise seed oil FL/FR |
star anise seed oil china FL/FR |
anise seed oil colombia FL/FR |
star anise seed oil spain FL/FR |
balsamic |
amyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
sumatra benzoin absolute FL/FR |
siam benzoin CO2 extract FL/FR |
benzoin essence FR |
guaiacyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
cereal |
bran absolute FR |
chocolate |
vanillyl ethyl ether FL/FR |
coffee |
furfuryl mercaptan FL/FR |
floral |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl acetate FL/FR |
boronia butenal FR |
cananga oil FL/FR |
cananga oil china FL/FR |
citronellol FL/FR |
delta- damascone FL/FR |
dimethyl octanol FL/FR |
floral methanol FR |
orris pyridine 25% IPM FR |
tobacco flower absolute FR |
fruity |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl isovalerate FL/FR |
cyclohexanone diethyl acetal FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
(E)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
beta- damascone FL/FR |
ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate FL/FR |
leather propionate FR |
osmanthus flower absolute FL/FR |
fungal |
methyl 2-furoate FL/FR |
green |
3,7- dimethyl-6-octenoic acid FL/FR |
oakmoss oil FR |
phenoxyacetaldehyde 50% in benzyl alcohol FR |
yerba mate leaf oil FL/FR |
hay |
beeswax absolute FL/FR |
hay absolute FR |
tobacco leaf absolute FL/FR |
woodruff absolute FR |
herbal |
cananga fruit oil FR |
matricaria chamomilla flower oil FL/FR |
methyl nicotinate FL/FR |
saffron indenone FL/FR |
safranal FL/FR |
theaspirane FL/FR |
thyme undecane FR |
gamma- valerolactone FL/FR |
yerba mate absolute FL/FR |
honey |
phenyl acetic acid FL/FR |
leathery |
4-tert- butyl phenol CS |
castoreum absolute FL/FR |
leather cyclohexanol FR |
russian leather fragrance FR |
leather specialty FR |
russian leather specialty FR |
marine |
marine pyridine FR |
musty |
ketoiso phorone FL/FR |
nutty |
2,3- dimethyl pyrazine FL/FR |
orris |
2(1)- orris butanal FL/FR |
phenolic |
betel leaf oil replacer FR |
meta- cresol FR |
ortho- guaiacol FL/FR |
2'- hydroxyacetophenone FL/FR |
4- methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol FL/FR |
piper betle leaf oil FR |
2-iso propyl phenol FL/FR |
2- propyl phenol FL/FR |
2,5- xylenol FL/FR |
popcorn |
2- acetyl pyridine FL/FR |
pungent |
naphthalene FR |
smoky |
beech wood creosote FL/FR |
birch tar oil FL/FR |
cade oil FR |
2,6- dimethoxyphenol FL/FR |
alpha- ethoxy-ortho-cresol FL/FR |
4- ethyl phenol FL/FR |
propyl paraben CS |
pyroligneous acids FL/FR |
pyroligneous acids hickory FL/FR |
spicy |
cananga leaf oil FR |
cubeb oil FL/FR |
cuminyl alcohol FL/FR |
N,N- diethyl octanamide FR |
4- ethyl guaiacol FL/FR |
4- methyl guaiacol FL/FR |
pepper tree berry oil FL/FR |
tobacco |
para- cresyl isovalerate FL/FR |
3- ethyl pyridine FL/FR |
methyl benzoxole FL/FR |
tobacco concrete FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- tobacco cyclohexenone FL/FR |
veltonal (Bedoukian) FR |
tonka |
deertongue absolute FR |
gamma- hexalactone FL/FR |
mint lactone FL/FR |
saffron resinoid FL/FR |
tonka undecanone FR |
whiskey lactone FL/FR |
tropical |
genet absolute FL/FR |
vanilla |
ethyl vanillin hexylene glycol acetal FR |
propenyl guaethol FL/FR |
woody |
amber decatriene FR |
alpha- cedrene epoxide FR |
guaiacyl acetate FL/FR |
iso longifolene ketone FR |
methyl cedryl ketone FL/FR |
tobacarol (IFF) FR |
tobacco nonene FR |
woody dioxolane FR |
woody ether FR |
For Flavor |
No flavor group found for these |
amyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
benzyl disulfide FL |
birch tar oil FL/FR |
6-tert- butyl-meta-cresol FL/FR |
capsicum oleoresin FL |
cyclohexanone diethyl acetal FL/FR |
2,6- dimethoxy-4-vinyl phenol FL |
alpha- ethoxy-ortho-cresol FL/FR |
fig leaf absolute FL |
2- furfurylidene butyraldehyde FL |
methyl nicotinate FL/FR |
1- methyl pyrrole FL |
2(1)- orris butanal FL/FR |
prenyl mercaptan FL |
2- propyl phenol FL/FR |
2- propyl pyridine FL |
yerba mate leaf oil FL/FR |
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beta- damascone FL/FR |
animal |
animal |
castoreum resinoid FL/FR |
6- methyl quinoline FL/FR |
anise |
anise seed oil FL/FR |
star anise seed oil china FL/FR |
anise seed oil colombia FL/FR |
star anise seed oil spain FL/FR |
brown |
beeswax absolute FL/FR |
burnt |
bacon dithiazine FL |
caramellic |
3- ethyl pyridine FL/FR |
methyl 2-furoate FL/FR |
citrus |
ketoiso phorone FL/FR |
coffee |
furfuryl mercaptan FL/FR |
cooling |
theaspirane FL/FR |
corn |
2- acetyl pyridine FL/FR |
creamy |
gamma- hexalactone FL/FR |
mint lactone FL/FR |
earthy |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl acetate FL/FR |
fatty |
dimethyl octanol FL/FR |
floral |
cananga oil FL/FR |
cananga oil china FL/FR |
citronellol FL/FR |
3,7- dimethyl-6-octenoic acid FL/FR |
phenyl acetic acid FL/FR |
fruity |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl isovalerate FL/FR |
(E)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate FL/FR |
osmanthus flower absolute FL/FR |
grassy |
tobacco leaf absolute FL/FR |
hay |
genet absolute FL/FR |
herbal |
clover herb distillate (melilotus officinalis) FL |
matricaria chamomilla flower oil FL/FR |
saffron indenone FL/FR |
yerba mate absolute FL/FR |
leathery |
castoreum absolute FL/FR |
meaty |
4- allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol FL |
ortho- thioguaiacol FL |
medicinal |
2,6- dimethoxyphenol FL/FR |
musty |
2,5- xylenol FL/FR |
naphthyl |
2'- hydroxyacetophenone FL/FR |
nutty |
2,3- dimethyl pyrazine FL/FR |
methyl benzoxole FL/FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- tobacco cyclohexenone FL/FR |
onion |
2- methyl-1,3-dithiolane FL |
phenolic |
para- cresyl isovalerate FL/FR |
guaiacyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
4- methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol FL/FR |
rummy |
vanillyl ethyl ether FL/FR |
smoky |
beech wood creosote FL/FR |
4- ethyl phenol FL/FR |
pyroligneous acids FL/FR |
pyroligneous acids hickory FL/FR |
dextro- xylose FL |
solvent |
2-iso propyl phenol FL/FR |
spicy |
sumatra benzoin absolute FL/FR |
siam benzoin CO2 extract FL/FR |
chipotle chili oleoresin FL |
cubeb oil FL/FR |
cuminyl alcohol FL/FR |
4- methyl guaiacol FL/FR |
paprika oleoresin FL |
pepper tree berry oil FL/FR |
sweet |
saffron resinoid FL/FR |
tonka |
gamma- valerolactone FL/FR |
vanilla |
propenyl guaethol FL/FR |
woody |
ambrette seed absolute FL/FR |
delta- damascone FL/FR |
4- ethyl guaiacol FL/FR |
ortho- guaiacol FL/FR |
guaiacyl acetate FL/FR |
methyl cedryl ketone FL/FR |
safranal FL/FR |
whiskey lactone FL/FR |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| benzofuran, 2,3-dimethyl- | 2,3- | dimethyl-1-benzofuran | | dimethylbenzofuran | 2,3- | dimethylbenzofuran | 2,3- | dimethylcoumarone |
Articles:
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