|
Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow solid (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 38.00 to 43.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 209.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.208000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 204.00 °F. TCC ( 95.56 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 0.830 |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 47600 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: herbal |
| warm herbal tobacco |
| Odor Description:at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. warm herbal tobacco |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-mouse LD50 2800 mg/kg
(Pellmont, 1977)
parenteral-mouse LDLo 2000 mg/kg
"Summary Tables of Biological Tests," National Research Council Chemical-Biological Coordination Center. Vol. 7, Pg. 691, 1955.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-mouse LD > 1000 mg/kg
"Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 428, 1948.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for methyl nicotinate usage levels up to: | | | 0.5000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.49 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.20 (μg/capita/day) |
| Structure Class: | II |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 13 |
| Click here to view publication 13 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 40.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 2.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | 10.00000 |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 10.00000 |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 10.00000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 20.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | 20.00000 |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
|
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
|
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 24 (FGE.24): Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf
|
Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28 Flavouring Group Evaluation 24, Revision 1 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf
|
Flavouring Group Evaluation 77 (FGE77) [1] - Consideration of Pyridine, Pyrrole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to Pyridine, Pyrrole, Indole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.24Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf
|
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 77, Revision 2 (FGE.77Rev2): Consideration of Pyridine, Pyrrole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to Pyridine, Pyrrole, Indole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.24Rev2 (2013)
View page or View pdf
|
Scientific opinion on flavouring group evaluation 77, revision 3 (FGE.77Rev3): consideration of pyridine, pyrrole and quinoline derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.24Rev2
View page or View pdf
|
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):93-60-7 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7151 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:3 |
| methyl pyridine-3-carboxylate |
| Chemidplus:0000093607 |
| RTECS:QT1925000 for cas# 93-60-7 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| For Odor |
| No odor group found for these |
para- menth-1-en-9-al
FL/FR |
| aldehydic |
| aldehydic |
agrumen nitrile
FR |
| amber |
ambrette seed absolute
FL/FR |
| animal |
6- methyl quinoline
FL/FR |
| balsamic |
amyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR |
| cereal |
bran absolute
FR |
| cheesy |
2- heptanone
FL/FR |
| earthy |
3- octen-2-one
FL/FR |
| floral |
boronia butenal
FR |
coriander seed oil
FL/FR |
delta- damascone
FL/FR |
tobacco flower absolute
FR |
| fruity |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
cyclohexanone diethyl acetal
FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- damascone
FL/FR |
(E)-beta- damascone
FL/FR |
beta- damascone
FL/FR |
ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate
FL/FR |
perillyl acetate
FL/FR |
| fungal |
methyl 2-furoate
FL/FR |
| green |
sec- butyl-3-methyl but-2-ene thioate
FL/FR |
carrot leaf oil (daucus carota ssp.maximus)
FR |
privet dioxane
FR |
| hay |
beeswax absolute
FL/FR |
hay absolute
FR |
tobacco leaf absolute
FL/FR |
woodruff absolute
FR |
| herbal |
carvacryl methyl ether
FL/FR |
coriander seed absolute
FL/FR |
coriander seed concrete
FR |
herbal acetal
FR |
matricaria chamomilla flower oil
FL/FR |
1-para- menthen-9-yl acetate
FL/FR |
T- muurolol
FL/FR |
3- nonanol
FL/FR |
curled parsley seed oil
FL/FR |
saffron indenone
FL/FR |
safranal
FL/FR |
theaspirane
FL/FR |
thymyl methyl ether
FL/FR |
yerba mate absolute
FL/FR |
| honey |
phenyl acetic acid
FL/FR |
| musty |
ketoiso phorone
FL/FR |
| phenolic |
2'- hydroxyacetophenone
FL/FR |
| popcorn |
2- acetyl pyridine
FL/FR |
| spicy |
iso butyl (E,E)-2,4-decadienamide
FL/FR |
carrot weed oil
FL/FR |
carvacryl ethyl ether
FL/FR |
cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal
FL/FR |
(-)- cubenol
FL/FR |
cuminyl alcohol
FL/FR |
black currant bud absolute
FL/FR |
N,N- diethyl octanamide
FR |
origanum majorana oil
FL/FR |
origanum majorana oil cuba
FL/FR |
origanum majorana oil morocco
FL/FR |
| tobacco |
para- cresyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
3- ethyl pyridine
FL/FR |
methyl benzoxole
FL/FR |
tobacco concrete
FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- tobacco cyclohexenone
FL/FR |
veltonal (Bedoukian)
FR |
| tonka |
deertongue absolute
FR |
gamma- hexalactone
FL/FR |
mint lactone
FL/FR |
saffron resinoid
FL/FR |
tonka undecanone
FR |
| tropical |
genet absolute
FL/FR |
| vanilla |
propenyl guaethol
FL/FR |
| woody |
amber decatriene
FR |
alpha- cedrene epoxide
FR |
iso longifolene ketone
FR |
patchouli absolute
FR |
tobacarol (IFF)
FR |
tobacco nonene
FR |
woody dioxolane
FR |
woody ether
FR |
| For Flavor |
| No flavor group found for these |
amyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR |
iso butyl (E,E)-2,4-decadienamide
FL/FR |
sec- butyl-3-methyl but-2-ene thioate
FL/FR |
carvacryl ethyl ether
FL/FR |
carvacryl methyl ether
FL/FR |
cyclohexanone diethyl acetal
FL/FR |
2,4- dimethyl anisole
FL |
fig leaf absolute
FL |
fleabane oil (erigeron canadensis)
FL |
para- menth-1-en-9-al
FL/FR |
T- muurolol
FL/FR |
3- nonanol
FL/FR |
2- propyl pyridine
FL |
|
beta- damascone
FL/FR |
hexyl 3-mercaptobutanoate
FL |
| animal |
| animal |
6- methyl quinoline
FL/FR |
| brown |
beeswax absolute
FL/FR |
| caramellic |
3- ethyl pyridine
FL/FR |
methyl 2-furoate
FL/FR |
| cheesy |
2- heptanone
FL/FR |
| citrus |
ketoiso phorone
FL/FR |
| cooling |
theaspirane
FL/FR |
| corn |
2- acetyl pyridine
FL/FR |
| creamy |
gamma- hexalactone
FL/FR |
mint lactone
FL/FR |
3- octen-2-one
FL/FR |
| floral |
phenyl acetic acid
FL/FR |
| fruity |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- damascone
FL/FR |
(E)-beta- damascone
FL/FR |
ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate
FL/FR |
1-para- menthen-9-yl acetate
FL/FR |
| grassy |
tobacco leaf absolute
FL/FR |
| green |
carrot weed oil
FL/FR |
perillyl acetate
FL/FR |
| hay |
genet absolute
FL/FR |
| herbal |
coriander seed absolute
FL/FR |
coriander seed oil
FL/FR |
matricaria chamomilla flower oil
FL/FR |
origanum majorana oil
FL/FR |
curled parsley seed oil
FL/FR |
saffron indenone
FL/FR |
yerba mate absolute
FL/FR |
| musty |
thymyl methyl ether
FL/FR |
| naphthyl |
2'- hydroxyacetophenone
FL/FR |
| nutty |
methyl benzoxole
FL/FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- tobacco cyclohexenone
FL/FR |
| phenolic |
para- cresyl isovalerate
FL/FR |
| spicy |
cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal
FL/FR |
(-)- cubenol
FL/FR |
cuminyl alcohol
FL/FR |
black currant bud absolute
FL/FR |
origanum majorana oil cuba
FL/FR |
origanum majorana oil morocco
FL/FR |
paprika oleoresin
FL |
| sweet |
saffron resinoid
FL/FR |
| vanilla |
propenyl guaethol
FL/FR |
| woody |
ambrette seed absolute
FL/FR |
delta- damascone
FL/FR |
safranal
FL/FR |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 3-( | carbomethoxy)pyridine | | 3- | carbomethoxypyridine | | 3-( | methoxycarbonyl) pyridine | | 3-( | methoxycarbonyl)pyridine | | m-( | methoxycarbonyl)pyridine | | meta-( | methoxycarbonyl)pyridine | | | methyl 3-pyridine carboxylate | | | methyl 3-pyridinecarboxylate | | | methyl pyridine-3-carboxylate | | | methylnicotinate | | | nicotinic acid methyl ester | | | nicotinic acid, methyl ester | | 3- | picolinic acid methyl ester | | 3- | pyridine carboxylic acid methyl ester | | 3- | pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester | | 3- | pyridinecarboxylic acid, methyl ester |
Articles:
| PubMed:Serum biomarkers of habitual coffee consumption may provide insight into the mechanism underlying the association between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer. |
| PubMed:In vivo determination of the diclofenac skin reservoir: comparison between passive, occlusive, and iontophoretic application. |
| PubMed:Optimisation of a dosing regime for a topical skin protectant (barrier cream). |
| PubMed:In vivo and ex vivo evaluation of cosmetic properties of seedcakes. |
| PubMed:Conversion of nicotinic acid to trigonelline is catalyzed by N-methyltransferase belonged to motif B' methyltransferase family in Coffea arabica. |
| PubMed:Effects of neonatal treatment with the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, on adult rat brain and behaviour. |
| PubMed:Is the timing of scent emission correlated with insect visitor activity and pollination in long-spurred Satyrium species? |
| PubMed:Agonist-bound structure of the human P2Y12 receptor. |
| PubMed:Metabolomics in nutritional epidemiology: identifying metabolites associated with diet and quantifying their potential to uncover diet-disease relations in populations. |
| PubMed:Impact of geographical region on urinary metabolomic and plasma fatty acid profiles in subjects with the metabolic syndrome across Europe: the LIPGENE study. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, characterization and molecular docking studies of some new 1,3,4-oxadiazolines bearing 6-methylpyridine moiety for antimicrobial property. |
| PubMed:Validating a breath collection and analysis system for the new tuberculosis breath test. |
| PubMed:Diagnostic potential of the pulsed discharged helium ionization detector (PDHID) for pathogenic Mycobacterial volatile biomarkers. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and antifungal evaluation of (1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl nicotinate chitosan. |
| PubMed:Assessment of potential causes of falsely positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis breath test. |
| PubMed:Comfrey root: from tradition to modern clinical trials. |
| PubMed:Combination of comfrey root extract plus methyl nicotinate in patients with conditions of acute upper or low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. |
| PubMed:Systems responses of rats to mequindox revealed by metabolic and transcriptomic profiling. |
| PubMed:Detection and visualization of intracutaneous allergic type-specific elements using long-wavelength near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. |
| PubMed:Niacin subsensitivity is associated with functional impairment in schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Diagnosis of tuberculosis by trained African giant pouched rats and confounding impact of pathogens and microflora of the respiratory tract. |
| PubMed:Honeybees Apis mellifera can detect the scent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| PubMed:Persistent erythema with niacin is not attributable to aspirin resistance. |
| PubMed:Perturbation of solute transport at a liquid-liquid interface by polyethylene glycol (PEG): implications for PEG-induced biomembrane fusion. |
| PubMed:Niacin sensitivity and the arachidonic acid pathway in schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Alterations of niacin skin sensitivity in recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. |
| PubMed:Preparation and anti-inflammatory activity of triptolide ethosomes in an erythema model. |
| PubMed:In vitro cutaneous application of ISCOMs on human skin enhances delivery of hydrophobic model compounds through the stratum corneum. |
| PubMed:Excess substrate is a spectator ligand in a rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of alkenyl isocyanates with tolanes. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous monitoring of drug and solvent diffusion across a model membrane using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Comparison of instruments for investigation of microcirculatory blood flow and red blood cell concentration. |
| PubMed:Effects of lipid nanocarriers on the performance of topical vehicles in vivo. |
| PubMed:The scent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis--part II breath. |
| PubMed:Anti-inflammatory activity of parthenolide-depleted Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). |
| PubMed:A quercetin containing supplement reduces niacin-induced flush in humans. |
| PubMed:Stability of methylnicotinate in aqueous solution as utilized in the 'niacin patch test'. |
| PubMed:Niacin-induced "flush" involves release of prostaglandin D2 from mast cells and serotonin from platelets: evidence from human cells in vitro and an animal model. |
| PubMed:The topical niacin sensitivity test: an inter- and intra-rater reliability study in healthy controls. |
| PubMed:In vivo spectrophotometric evaluation of skin barrier recovery after topical application of soybean phytosterols. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of simultaneous permeation and metabolism of methyl nicotinate in human, snake, and shed snake skin. |
| PubMed:The scent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| PubMed:A new coordination mode of 6-methylnicotinic acid in trans-tetraaquabis(6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylato-kappaO)cobalt(II) tetrahydrate. |
| PubMed:Syntheses of nicotinamide riboside and derivatives: effective agents for increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentrations in mammalian cells. |
| PubMed:Sub-epidermal imaging using polarized light spectroscopy for assessment of skin microcirculation. |
| PubMed:Endophenotype properties of niacin sensitivity as marker of impaired prostaglandin signalling in schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Niacin skin test response in dyslexia. |
| PubMed:Transfer of the experimental methodology described in the FDA guidance for corticosteroid bioequivalence testing to pharmacodynamic effects caused by nicotinates. |
| PubMed:Influence of skin colour on the detection of cutaneous erythema and tanning phenomena using reflectance spectrophotometry. |
| PubMed:Cannabinoids influence lipid-arachidonic acid pathways in schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Ethyl 5-[6-(furan-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thia-diazol-3-yl]-2,6-di-methylnicotinate. |
| PubMed:A non-invasive method for the in vivo determination of skin antioxidant capacity (IAC-S). |
| PubMed:Percutaneous penetration of methyl nicotinate from ointments using the laser Doppler technique: bioequivalence and enhancer effects. |
| PubMed:Time of erythema onset after application of methyl nicotinate ointments as response parameter: influence of penetration kinetics and enhancing agents. |
| PubMed:Niacin skin flushing in schizophrenic and depressed patients and healthy controls. |
| PubMed:Determination of the in vivo bioavailability of iontophoretically delivered diclofenac using a methyl nicotinate skin inflammation assay. |
| PubMed:Cluster analysis of the dermal permeability and stratum corneum/solvent partitioning of ten chemicals in twenty-four chemical mixtures in porcine skin. |
| PubMed:Establishing a minimal erythema concentration of methyl nicotinate for optimum evaluation of anti-inflammatories. |
| PubMed:In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of oligoethylene esters as dermal prodrugs of 18beta-glycyrrhetic acid. |
| PubMed:Objective biophysical findings in patients with sensitive skin. |
| PubMed:Anti-inflammatory activity in skin by biomimetic of Evodia rutaecarpa extract from traditional Chinese medicine. |
| PubMed:Pattern recognition analysis for classification of hypertensive model rats and diurnal variation using 1H-NMR spectroscopy of urine. |
| PubMed:Predicting skin permeability from complex chemical mixtures. |
| PubMed:Effect of charge and lipid concentration on in-vivo percutaneous absorption of methyl nicotinate from liposomal vesicles. |
| PubMed:Ethosomes for skin delivery of ammonium glycyrrhizinate: in vitro percutaneous permeation through human skin and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity on human volunteers. |
| PubMed:Impaired niacin sensitivity in acute first-episode but not in multi-episode schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Clinical microneedle injection of methyl nicotinate: stratum corneum penetration. |
| PubMed:Sodium-coupled and electrogenic transport of B-complex vitamin nicotinic acid by slc5a8, a member of the Na/glucose co-transporter gene family. |
| PubMed:Delayed vasodilatory response to methylnicotinate in patients with unipolar depressive disorder. |
| PubMed:Intramolecular Photocycloaddition of Unsaturated Isoquinuclidines. Synthesis of 2-Azatetracyclo[4.0.0.(4,9)0(7,10)]decanes and 3-Azatetracyclo[6.1.1.0.(2,7)0(5,9)]decanes. |
| PubMed:Association of a long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 gene polymorphism with depression and with enhanced niacin-induced dermal erythema. |
| PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of arecoline in human saliva. |
| PubMed:Reduced vasodilatory response to methylnicotinate in schizophrenia as assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. |
| PubMed:Preparation of deuterated methyl and dimethyl substituted nicotinoylating agents for derivatization of the N-terminal of protein. |
| PubMed:Permeation, metabolism and site of action concentration of nicotinic acid derivatives in human skin. Correlation with topical pharmacological effect. |
| PubMed:On the relationship between methylnicotinate-induced skin flush and fatty acids levels in acute psychosis. |
| PubMed:Methyl nicotinate-induced vasodilation in generalized social phobia. |
| PubMed:Determination of antioxidant efficacy of cosmetic formulations by non-invasive measurements. |
| PubMed:The niacin skin flush abnormality in schizophrenia: a quantitative dose-response study. |
| PubMed:Topical methyl nicotinate-induced skin vasodilation in diabetic neuropathy. |
| PubMed:Ketoprofen 1-alkylazacycloalkan-2-one esters as dermal prodrugs: in vivo and in vitro evaluations. |
| PubMed:Formulation study and anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical semi-solids containing a nitro ester of flurbiprofen. |
| PubMed:Normal phospholipid-related signal transduction in autism. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the effects of daily applications between topical corticosteroid and tacrolimus ointments on normal skin: evaluation with noninvasive methods. |
| PubMed:Effect of chemical interactions in pentachlorophenol mixtures on skin and membrane transport. |
| PubMed:Influence of processing conditions in the manufacture of O/W creams: II. Effect on drug availability. |
| PubMed:A volumetric biochemical niacin flush-based index that noninvasively detects fatty acid deficiency in schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Impaired phospholipid-related signal transduction in advanced Huntington's disease. |
| PubMed:Mixture component effects on the in vitro dermal absorption of pentachlorophenol. |
| PubMed:Selective amination of secoiridoid glycosides to give monomeric pyridine, dimeric pyridine, and naphthyridine alkaloids. |
| PubMed:The niacin skin flush test in schizophrenia: a replication study. |
| PubMed:In vitro and in vivo evaluation of polyoxyethylene esters as dermal prodrugs of ketoprofen, naproxen and diclofenac. |
| PubMed:Selective fowler reductions: asymmetric total syntheses of isofagomine and other 1-azasugars from methyl nicotinate. |
| PubMed:Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 from the skin in vivo in humans after the application of cinnamic aldehyde. |
| PubMed:A practical synthesis of a COX-2-specific inhibitor. |
| PubMed:Unmedicated schizophrenic patients have a reduced skin flush in response to topical niacin. |
| PubMed:Rheological, mechanical and membrane penetration properties of novel dual drug systems for percutaneous delivery. |
| PubMed:Microdialysis technique as a method to study the percutaneous penetration of methyl nicotinate through excised human skin, reconstructed epidermis, and human skin in vivo. |
| PubMed:Microcirculatory response of skin to benzoic acid and methyl nicotinate in patients with diabetes. |
| PubMed:Novel regioselective hydroxylations of pyridine carboxylic acids at position C2 and pyrazine carboxylic acids at position C3. |
| PubMed:In-vivo and in-vitro assessment of the free-radical-scavenger activity of Ginkgo flavone glycosides at high concentration. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous transport and metabolism of nicotinic acid derivatives in hairless mouse skin. |
| PubMed:Contact sensitizers decrease 33D1 expression on mature Langerhans cells. |
| PubMed:Correlation between percutaneous penetration of methyl nicotinate and sensitive skin, using laser Doppler imaging. |
| PubMed:The veno-arteriolar reflex in venous leg ulcer patients studied by laser Doppler imaging. |
| PubMed:Niacin skin flush in schizophrenia: a preliminary report. |
| PubMed:Susceptibility to skin stinging, non-immunologic contact urticaria and acute skin irritation; is there a relationship? |
| PubMed:Cutaneous toxicity of the benzidine dye direct red 28 applied as mechanistically-defined chemical mixtures (MDCM) in perfused porcine skin. |
| PubMed:Variability in skin microvascular vasodilatory responses assessed by laser-Doppler imaging. |
| PubMed:Isolation of new 6-methylnicotinic-acid-degrading bacteria, one of which catalyses the regioselective hydroxylation of nicotinic acid at position C2. |
| PubMed:Esterase-like activity of human serum albumin toward prodrug esters of nicotinic acid. |
| PubMed:A new method for skin care product evaluation based on the laser Doppler imaging technique. |
| PubMed:In vitro percutaneous absorption of benzidine in complex mechanistically defined chemical mixtures. |
| PubMed:The use of mechanistically defined chemical mixtures (MDCM) to assess mixture component effects on the percutaneous absorption and cutaneous disposition of topically exposed chemicals. II. Development of a general dermatopharmacokinetic model for use in risk assessment. |
| PubMed:The use of mechanistically defined chemical mixtures (MDCM) to assess component effects on the percutaneous absorption and cutaneous disposition of topically exposed chemicals. I. Studies with parathion mixtures in isolated perfused porcine skin. |
| PubMed:Studies on non-immune immediate contact reactions in an unselected population. |
| PubMed:Kinetics of release and simulated absorption of methyl nicotinate from different ointment formulations: in vitro-in vivo correlations. |
| PubMed:Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the application of capsaicin cream in chronic distal painful polyneuropathy. |
| PubMed:Enhancing effects of lipophilic vehicles on skin penetration of methyl nicotinate in vivo. |
| PubMed:Irritant reactions on hairless micropig skin: a model for testing barrier creams? |
| PubMed:Circadian dosing time dependency in the forearm skin penetration of methyl and hexyl nicotinate. |
| PubMed:LDV assessment of methyl nicotinate biological response in aqueous solution against that of a w/o microemulsion system. |
| PubMed:Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 from the skin in vivo in humans following the application of sorbic acid. |
| PubMed:Phonophoresis of methyl nicotinate: a preliminary study to elucidate the mechanism of action. |
| PubMed:In vivo differences between Asian, black and white in the stratum corneum barrier function. |
| PubMed:Assessment of skin erythema by eye, laser Doppler flowmeter, spectroradiometer, two-channel erythema meter and Minolta chroma meter. |
| PubMed:In vivo evaluation of the stratum corneum barrier function in blacks, Caucasians and Asians with two noninvasive methods. |
| PubMed:Quantitative evaluation of drug-induced erythema by using a tristimulus colour analyzer: experimental design and data analysis. |
| PubMed:Feasibility of measuring the bioavailability of topical ibuprofen in commercial formulations using drug content in epidermis and a methyl nicotinate skin inflammation assay. |
| PubMed:Changes in transepidermal water loss and cutaneous blood flow during the menstrual cycle. |
| PubMed:A new application chamber for skin penetration studies in vivo with liquid preparations. |
| PubMed:Effects of local hyperemia and edema on the biological zero in laser Doppler fluxmetry (LD). |
| PubMed:Identification of skin as a major site of prostaglandin D2 release following oral administration of niacin in humans. |
| PubMed:Processing and statistical analysis of laser Doppler data applied to the assessment of systemic anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| PubMed:Cutaneous responses to topical methyl nicotinate in human forearm and vulvar skin. |
| PubMed:In vivo transcutaneous penetration of nicotinates and sensitive skin. |
| PubMed:Percutaneous penetration of methyl nicotinate at three anatomic sites: evidence for an appendageal contribution to transport? |
| PubMed:Objective assessment of topical corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in methyl-nicotinate-induced skin inflammation. |
| PubMed:Reduced vasoactive responses in port wine stains. |
| PubMed:Proton release from flavoprotein D-amino acid oxidase on complexation with the zwitterionic ligand, trigonelline. |
| PubMed:Pharmacodynamic measurements of methyl nicotinate percutaneous absorption: the effect of aging on microcirculation. |
| PubMed:Racial differences in pharmacodynamic response to nicotinates in vivo in human skin: black and white. |
| PubMed:Effects of infra-red and neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet laser irradiation on non-immunologic immediate contact reactions to benzoic acid and methyl nicotinate. |
| PubMed:PUVA treatment inhibits nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions to benzoic acid and methyl nicotinate. |
| PubMed:Assessment of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| PubMed:Effect of the vehicle on non-immunologic immediate contact reactions. |
| PubMed:Duration of inhibition of non-immunologic immediate contact reactions by acetylsalicylic acid. |
| PubMed:Cutaneous responses to topical methyl nicotinate in black, oriental, and caucasian subjects. |
| PubMed:Systemic effect of ultraviolet irradiation on non-immunologic immediate contact reactions to benzoic acid and methyl nicotinate. |
| PubMed:Systemic symptoms associated with a rubefacient. |
| PubMed:Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit non-immunologic immediate contact reactions. |
| PubMed:Non-ionic surfactant effects on hairless mouse skin permeability characteristics. |
| PubMed:Dichloroacetate derivatives. Metabolic effects and pharmacodynamics in normal rats. |
| PubMed:Terfenadine does not inhibit non-immunologic contact urticaria. |
| PubMed:Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits non-immunologic contact urticaria. |
| PubMed:Solute transport resistance at water-oil interfaces. |
| PubMed:Percutaneous absorption in the aged. |
| PubMed:[Diurnal dependence of skin reactions in the administration of external substances]. |
| PubMed:Pharmacological studies on nonimmunologic contact urticaria in guinea pigs. |
| PubMed:Long refractory period after one application of nonimmunologic contact urticaria agents to the guinea pig ear. |
| PubMed:Prostaglandins and nicotinate-provoked increase in cutaneous blood flow. |
| PubMed:Spatial variability of vasodilatation in human forearm skin. |
| PubMed:Species specificity of nonimmunologic contact urticaria: guinea pig, rat, and mouse. |
| PubMed:Are there age and racial differences to methyl nicotinate-induced vasodilatation in human skin? |
| PubMed:Percutaneous absorption in man: a kinetic approach. |
| PubMed:An animal model for nonimmunologic contact urticaria. |
| PubMed:Skin penetration of nicotinic acid, methyl nicotinate, and butyl nicotinate in the guinea pig--comparison of in vivo and excised skin, and the effects of four dermatologic conditions. |
| PubMed:Pharmacodynamic measurements of methyl nicotinate percutaneous absorption. |
| PubMed:Noninvasive assessments of the percutaneous absorption of methyl nicotinate in humans. |
| PubMed:Noninvasive assessment of local nicotinate pharmacodynamics by photoplethysmography. |
| PubMed:Kinetics and thermodynamics of interfacial transfer. |
| PubMed:Rapid radial transport of methyl nicotinate in the dermis. |
| PubMed:[Studies on the permeability of human skin to nicotinic acid, methyl nicotinate and butyl nicotinate. -- with emphasis on the influence of liquid vehicles and that of water immersion (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed:The pH dependence of xanthine oxidase catalysis in basic solution. |
| PubMed:Percutaneous absorption: in vivo experiments. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase by nicotinamide and its homologues in vitro. |
| PubMed:Proceedings: The effect of thermodynamic activity on the percutaneous absorption of methyl nicotinate from water glycerol mixtures. |
| PubMed:The effect of glycerol on the percutaneous absorption of methyl nicotinate. |
| PubMed:The metabolism of niacytin in the rat. Trigonelline as a major metabolite of niacytin in the urine. |
| PubMed:The rate of absorption and duration of action of four different solutions of methyl nicotinate. |
| PubMed:[Crystal reactions in methyl nicotinate]. |
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erythema provoked is basis of a methylnicotinate test of anti-inflammatories. Flavouring ingredient. Present in guava fruit, papaya, strawberry, soursop (Annona muricata), beer, grape brandy, coffee, roasted filbert, roasted peanut and Bourbon vanilla
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3D/inchi