Category: flavor enhancers, flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | white crystalline powder (est) |
Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 %
|
Heavey Metals: | 0.002% MAX |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
Melting Point: | 89.00 to 93.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 289.00 to 290.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Vapor Pressure: | 0.000220 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | 0.630 |
Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol, 12% | | benzyl alcohol, 10% | | phenethyl alcohol 5% | | propylene glycol, 5.5% | | water, 2.423e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: | caramellic |
Odor Strength: | high , recommend smelling in a 5.00 % solution or less |
Odor Description: at 5.00 % in benzyl alcohol. | sweet caramel jam strawberry cotton candy |
Substantivity: | 360 Hour(s) |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Safety Information:
Most important hazard(s): | Xn - Harmful. |
|
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
|
Human Experience: | 10 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
oral-rat LD50 1150 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 15, Pg. 604, 1969.
oral-mouse LD50 780 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 15, Pg. 604, 1969.
oral-chicken LD50 1270 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 15, Pg. 604, 1969.
|
Dermal Toxicity: | |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 805, 1975.
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 910 mg/kg Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol. 22, Pg. 1008, 1974.
|
Inhalation Toxicity: | |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor enhancers, flavoring agents |
Recommendation for ethyl maltol usage levels up to: | | 4.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
|
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 1580.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 6692.00 (μg/capita/day) |
Structure Class: | II |
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 10 |
Click here to view publication 10 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 152.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 12.40000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | 18.60000 |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 83.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | 15.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | 139.00000 |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 144.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 144.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | 119.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | 19.60000 |
hard candy: | - | 27.90000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | 15.00000 |
meat products: | - | 19.60000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | 19.60000 |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
acidic |
acidic |
| cyclohexyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-2-pentenoic acid | FL/FR |
aldehydic |
| citrus carbaldehyde | FR |
| nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
amber |
| ambroxan | FL/FR |
| cistus ladaniferus resinoid | FL/FR |
anise |
| anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
anisic |
para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
| dihydroanethol | FL/FR |
balsamic |
2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
iso | amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
siam | benzoin resinoid | FL/FR |
| benzyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| clover nitrile | FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| fir balsam absolute | FR |
| methyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
3- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
berry |
| raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
| raspberry ketone acetate | FL/FR |
| raspberry ketone methyl ether | FL/FR |
bready |
| coffee furanone | FL/FR |
buttery |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
| acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
2-iso | butyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2-oxo | butyric acid | FL/FR |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| coffee dione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
| diethyl malate | FL/FR |
alpha,alpha- | dimethyl anisyl acetone | FL/FR |
| ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
5- | ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one | FL/FR |
| fenugreek absolute | FL/FR |
| geranyl crotonate | FR |
| immortelle absolute | FL/FR |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
| menthone lactone | FL/FR |
| mesitene lactone | FR |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
iso | propenyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| rosefuran | FL/FR |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone solution | FL/FR |
| toffee furanone | FL/FR |
chocolate |
iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
citrus |
| dihydromyrcenol | FL/FR |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
coconut |
gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
gamma- | nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
coumarinic |
| tonka bean resinoid | FR |
creamy |
gamma- | butyrolactone | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl 4-pentenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
fermented |
| ethyl (E)-2-crotonate | FL/FR |
floral |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| citronellol | FL/FR |
beta- | damascenone | FL/FR |
alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| floral pyranol | FR |
| geraniol | FL/FR |
| heliotropin | FL/FR |
| heliotropyl acetate | FL/FR |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| linalool oxide | FL/FR |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| nonanol | FL/FR |
| ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl propionate | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl amyl glycolate | FR |
iso | amyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
gamma- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl isobutyrate | FR |
(E)- | ethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
trans-1- | ethyl-2-methyl propyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
| green acetate | FR |
| psidium guajava pyrifera fruit extract | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
gamma- | undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
green |
iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
| galbanum oil | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl propionate | FL/FR |
hay |
| beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
| hay absolute | FR |
herbal |
| butyl levulinate | FL/FR |
(S)- | campholene acetate | FL/FR |
| carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
honey |
| methyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
licorice |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
melon |
| watermelon ketone | FR |
mossy |
| veramoss (IFF) | FR |
musty |
3- | acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | acetyl-3,5(or 6)-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
| alitame hydrate | |
phenolic |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
popcorn |
2- | acetyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
powdery |
para- | anisyl acetate | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl alcohol | FL/FR |
spicy |
| cassia bark oil china | FL/FR |
| clove bud oil | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| eugenol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| methyl isoeugenol | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
sweet |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
terpenic |
| frankincense oil | FL/FR |
tonka |
| coumarin | FR |
gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
| tonka bean absolute | FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
vegetable |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
waxy |
| decyl acetate | FL/FR |
woody |
| guaiacwood oil | FL/FR |
| gurjun balsam oil | FR |
| santall | FR |
| tobacarol (IFF) | FR |
| woody acetate | FR |
(Z)- | woody amylene | FR |
| woody propanol | FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
No flavor group found for these |
2- | acetyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine | FL |
| allyl 2-furoate | FL |
| benzyl disulfide | FL |
| cistus ladaniferus resinoid | FL/FR |
| diethyl malate | FL/FR |
2,5- | diethyl tetrahydrofuran | FL |
alpha,alpha- | dimethyl anisyl acetone | FL/FR |
| ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 4-pentenoate | FL/FR |
trans-1- | ethyl-2-methyl propyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
5- | ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one | FL/FR |
| furfuryl acetone | FL |
| menthone lactone | FL/FR |
| rosefuran | FL/FR |
|
iso | amyl 3-(2-furan) propionate | FL/FR |
beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
acidic |
| levulinic acid | FL/FR |
aldehydic |
| nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
anise |
(E)- | anethol | FL/FR |
| anise seed oil colombia | FL/FR |
balsamic |
siam | benzoin resinoid | FL/FR |
iso | butyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
berry |
| heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
| raspberry ketone acetate | FL/FR |
| raspberry ketone methyl ether | FL/FR |
bready |
| mango furanone | FL |
brown |
| beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
2-oxo | butyric acid | FL/FR |
5- | methyl furfural | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)- | tiglic acid | FL/FR |
burnt |
| furfuryl alcohol | FL |
iso | propenyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
buttery |
| diacetyl | FL |
3,4- | hexane dione | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| caramel furanone | FL |
| caramel pentadione | FL/FR |
| cyclotene | FL/FR |
| cyclotene hydrate | FL/FR |
5- | ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl cyclohexen-2-one | FL |
| fenugreek absolute | FL/FR |
| maltol | FL/FR |
| maltyl propionate | FL/FR |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
3- | methyl butyl 2-furyl butyrate | FL |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone solution | FL/FR |
| toffee furanone | FL/FR |
cherry |
| heliotropin | FL/FR |
citrus |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
coconut |
gamma- | nonalactone (aldehyde C-18 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
coffee |
| coffee dione | FL/FR |
2- | thiophene thiol | FL |
corn chip |
2- | acetyl pyridine | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-2-thiazoline | FL |
creamy |
| acetoin | FL/FR |
para- | anisaldehyde | FL/FR |
gamma- | hexalactone | FL/FR |
para- | methyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-4-pentenoic acid | FL |
gamma- | undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
fatty |
2,4- | undecadienal | FL |
(E,E)-2,4- | undecadienal | FL |
floral |
iso | amyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| citronellol | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| geraniol | FL/FR |
| heliotropyl acetate | FL/FR |
| methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| methyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| phenethyl propionate | FL/FR |
| phenyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
| tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
fruity |
iso | amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl acetate | FL/FR |
para- | anisyl alcohol | FL/FR |
alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
gamma- | decalactone | FL/FR |
(E)- | ethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| furfuryl valerate | FL |
2- | pentanoyl furan | FL |
| psidium guajava pyrifera fruit extract | FL/FR |
| rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
green |
iso | amyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
2-iso | butyl-3-methyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| dihydromyrcenol | FL/FR |
| galbanum oil | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl propionate | FL/FR |
| immortelle absolute | FL/FR |
| linalool oxide | FL/FR |
2-(5-iso | propyl-2-methyltetrahydro-2-thiophenyl)ethyl acetate | FL |
herbal |
| butyl levulinate | FL/FR |
| carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| dihydroanethol | FL/FR |
5- | hydroxymethyl furfural | FL |
honey |
| ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| phenethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
jammy |
(S)- | campholene acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclopentenolone | FL/FR |
| maltyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
lactonic |
gamma- | heptalactone | FL/FR |
gamma- | octalactone | FL/FR |
meaty |
2- | mercaptomethyl pyrazine | FL |
milky |
gamma- | butyrolactone | FL/FR |
musty |
| ethyl (E)-2-crotonate | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | acetyl furan | FL/FR |
3- | acetyl-2,5-dimethyl furan | FL/FR |
2- | acetyl-3,5(or 6)-dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
3,5(6)- | cocoa pyrazine | FL |
| coffee furanone | FL/FR |
2,3- | dimethyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
| nutty cyclohexenone | FL/FR |
| peanut oxazole | FL |
| tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol | FL/FR |
phenolic |
4- | methyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | FL/FR |
powdery |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
praline |
| praline flavor | FL |
roasted |
2- | acetyl pyrazine | FL/FR |
rummy |
| ethyl pyruvate | FL/FR |
sour |
2- | methyl-2-pentenoic acid | FL/FR |
spicy |
| benzyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| cassia bark oil china | FL/FR |
| clove bud oil | FL/FR |
black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| eugenol | FL/FR |
iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
alpha- | methyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| methyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| methyl isoeugenol | FL/FR |
3- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
sweet |
| acesulfame potassium | FL |
| alitame anhydrous | FL |
| alitame hydrate | |
| aspartame | FL |
| aspartame-acesulfame salt | FL |
| caramel dione | FL |
| cyclohexyl acetic acid | FL/FR |
dextro- | sorbitol | FL |
| vanilla oleoresin bali | FL/FR |
toasted |
| acetyl propionyl | FL/FR |
vanilla |
| ethyl vanillin | FL/FR |
| vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| vanillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| vanillyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
waxy |
iso | amyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| decyl acetate | FL/FR |
| furfuryl octanoate | FL |
| nonanol | FL/FR |
woody |
| ambroxan | FL/FR |
| amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
beta- | damascenone | FL/FR |
| frankincense oil | FL/FR |
| guaiacwood oil | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| EM-1 crystal grain | | EM-400 crystal grain | | ethyl maltol FCC | | ethyl maltol synthetic | | ethyl maltol USP/NF | 2- | ethyl pyromeconic acid | 2- | ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone | 2- | ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one | 2- | ethyl-3-hydroxy-pyran-4-one | 2- | ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one | | ethylmaltol | 3- | hydroxy-2-ethyl-1,4-pyrone | 3- | hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyrone | 3- | hydroxy-2-ethyl-4H-pyran-4-one | 3- | hydroxy-2-ethyl-gamma-pyrone | 4H- | pyran-4-one, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy- |
Articles:
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