|
Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to yellow clear viscous liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.97500 to 0.98100 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.113 to 8.163
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.49200 to 1.49800 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Melting Point: | 43.70 °C. @ 0.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 103.00 to 104.00 °C. @ 16.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 89.00 to 90.00 °C. @ 12.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.077000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 185.00 °F. TCC ( 85.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 2.139 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 943.4 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: camphoreous |
| camphoreous mentholic celery |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. camphor menthol celery |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
| Bedoukian Research |
| VERBENONE ≥93.0% (sum of isomers), Special Order |
Odor Description:A spicy, mint, camphor note with a hint of pine, safranal type aroma
Natural, resinous, fresh, spicy, herbal notes blend well with citrus and herbaceous compositions. |
Taste Description:Dry, woody
Spicy, woody, dry note for flavors like cranberry, tea. |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
| Achiewell |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Verbenone
|
| Bedoukian Research |
| VERBENONE
≥93.0% (sum of isomers), Special Order Odor: A spicy, mint, camphor note with a hint of pine, safranal type aroma Use: Natural, resinous, fresh, spicy, herbal notes blend well with citrus and herbaceous compositions. Flavor: Dry, woody Spicy, woody, dry note for flavors like cranberry, tea. |
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| 4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one
|
| Synerzine |
| Verbenone
|
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xn - Harmful. |
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for verbenone usage levels up to: | | | 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 15.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 1000 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | II |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 22 |
| Click here to view publication 22 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| cheese: | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| confectionery froastings: | 4.00000 | 20.00000 |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| fish products: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| frozen dairy: | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| fruit ices: | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| milk products: | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| processed fruits: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| soups: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| | average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 4.00000 | 20.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 3.00000 | 15.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | - | - |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 4.00000 | 20.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | bicyclo(3.1.1)hept-3-en-2-one, 4,6,6-trimethyl- | | | bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one, 4,6,6-trimethyl- | | | pin-2-en-4-one | | 2- | pinen-4-one | | 4,6,6- | trimethyl bicyclo(3.1.1)hept-3-en-2-one | | 4,6,6- | trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one |
Articles:
| PubMed:Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) to volatiles from a non-host plant, rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae). |
| PubMed:Chemical composition, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the essential oil from the flowers of Tunisian Convolvulus althaeoides L. |
| PubMed:Asymmetric total synthesis of onoseriolide, bolivianine, and isobolivianine. |
| PubMed:Non-host volatile blend optimization for forest protection against the European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus. |
| PubMed:Enantiomeric distribution of major chiral volatile organic compounds in juniper-flavored distillates. |
| PubMed:Verbenone structural analogues isolated from Artemesia aucheri as natural acaricides against Dermatophagoides spp. and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. |
| PubMed:Phytochemical and physical-chemical analysis of Polish willow (Salix spp.) honey: identification of the marker compounds. |
| PubMed:Study on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Fingerprint of Acanthopanax brachypus. |
| PubMed:Coffee berry borer joins bark beetles in coffee klatch. |
| PubMed:Identification and field evaluation of non-host volatiles disturbing host location by the tea geometrid, Ectropis obliqua. |
| PubMed:Discovery of novel (1S)-(-)-verbenone derivatives with anti-oxidant and anti-ischemic effects. |
| PubMed:Impact of geocoding methods on associations between long-term exposure to urban air pollution and lung function. |
| PubMed:Interruption of the semiochemical-based attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol-baited traps and ethanol-injected trap trees by verbenone. |
| PubMed:Attractant and disruptant semiochemicals for Dendroctonus jeffreyi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). |
| PubMed:Population densities and tree diameter effects associated with verbenone treatments to reduce mountain pine beetle-caused mortality of lodgepole pine. |
| PubMed:Monoterpene derivatives from the flowers of Ferulago campestris, (Apiaceae). |
| PubMed:Up-regulation of astroglial heme oxygenase-1 by a synthetic (S)-verbenone derivative LMT-335 ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation-evoked injury in cortical neurons. |
| PubMed:The push-pull tactic for mitigation of mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damage in lodgepole and whitebark pines. |
| PubMed:Efficacy of "Verbenone Plus" for protecting ponderosa pine trees and stands from Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attack in British Columbia and California. |
| PubMed:Guatemalan potato moth Tecia solanivora distinguish odour profiles from qualitatively different potatoes Solanum tuberosum L. |
| PubMed:Toxicity of Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum armatum oil constituents and related compounds to Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). |
| PubMed:Investigation of effects of terpene skin penetration enhancers on stability and biological activity of lysozyme. |
| PubMed:Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus complex target distinct cystic fibrosis patient subpopulations. |
| PubMed:Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of Pityophthorus pubescens (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) to (E,E)-α-farnesene, (R)-(+)-limonene and (S)-(-)-verbenone in Pinus radiata (Pinaceae) stands in northern Spain. |
| PubMed:Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the alarm pheromone (+)-verbenone from geranyl diphosphate. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and gastric antiulcer activities of the essential oil from Piper aleyreanum C.DC in rodents. |
| PubMed:Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the bark beetle Dendroctonus rhizophagus to volatiles from host pines and conspecifics. |
| PubMed:Efficacy of traps, lures, and repellents for Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and other ambrosia beetles on Coffea arabica plantations and Acacia koa nurseries in Hawaii. |
| PubMed:Responses of Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in behavioral assays: implications to development of a semiochemical-based tool for tree protection. |
| PubMed:Semiochemical emission from individual galleries of the southern pine beetle, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), attacking standing trees. |
| PubMed:Volatile organic compounds from Centaurium erythraea Rafn (Croatia) and the antimicrobial potential of its essential oil. |
| PubMed:Identification of volatiles from Pinus silvestris attractive for Monochamus galloprovincialis using a SPME-GC/MS platform. |
| PubMed:Myrtenal inhibits acetylcholinesterase, a known Alzheimer target. |
| PubMed:Acaricidal effect of essential oils from Lippia graveolens (Lamiales: Verbenaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and Allium sativum (Liliales: Liliaceae) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). |
| PubMed:Chromatographic methods for metabolite profiling of virus- and phytoplasma-infected plants of Echinacea purpurea. |
| PubMed:Survival advantages conferred to colon cancer cells by E-selectin-induced activation of the PI3K-NFκB survival axis downstream of Death receptor-3. |
| PubMed:Monoterpene-based chiral β-amino acid derivatives prepared from natural sources: syntheses and applications. |
| PubMed:Chemotaxonomic significance of the essential oils of 18 Ferula species (Apiaceae) from Iran. |
| PubMed:Anti-inflammatory effects of supercritical carbon dioxide extract and its isolated carnosic acid from Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. |
| PubMed:Test of nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone to protect trap trees for Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from attacks by bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the northeastern United States. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of progesterone by cultured cells of Marchantia polymorpha. |
| PubMed:Antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against oral pathogens. |
| PubMed:Control of enantioselectivity with flexible biaryl axes: terpene-based alkylzinc catalysts in enantioselective dialkylzinc additions. |
| PubMed:Raman optical activity: a powerful technique to investigate essential oil components. |
| PubMed:Rotational strength sign and normal modes description: A theoretical and experimental comparative study in bicyclic terpenes. |
| PubMed:Pheromone production in bark beetles. |
| PubMed:Constituents of the essential oil of Suregada zanzibariensis leaves are repellent to the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.s. |
| PubMed:Activated glutathione metabolism participates in protective effects of carnosic acid against oxidative stress in neuronal HT22 cells. |
| PubMed:Efficacy of verbenone for protecting ponderosa pine stands from western pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) attack in California. |
| PubMed:Autoxidation versus biotransformation of alpha-pinene to flavors with Pleurotus sapidus: regioselective hydroperoxidation of alpha-pinene and stereoselective dehydrogenation of verbenol. |
| PubMed:Deregulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity induced by central lipid infusion in rats is mediated by nitric oxide. |
| PubMed:Quantitative variation and biosynthesis of hindgut volatiles associated with the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, at different attack phases. |
| PubMed:A new family of receptor tyrosine kinases with a venus flytrap binding domain in insects and other invertebrates activated by aminoacids. |
| PubMed:Aggregation pheromone of the Qinghai spruce bark beetle, Ips nitidus eggers. |
| PubMed:Improved monoterpene biotransformation with Penicillium sp. by use of a closed gas loop bioreactor. |
| PubMed:Specificity and redundancy in the olfactory system of the bark beetle Ips typographus: single-cell responses to ecologically relevant odors. |
| PubMed:Control of asymmetric biaryl conformations with terpenol moieties: syntheses, structures and energetics of new enantiopure C2-symmetric diols. |
| PubMed:Attraction of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, to pheromone components of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in an allopatric zone. |
| PubMed:Tick repellent substances in the essential oil of Tanacetum vulgare. |
| PubMed:An enone reductase from Nicotiana tabacum: cDNA cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, and reduction of enones with the recombinant proteins. |
| PubMed:Quantitative association of bark beetles with pitch canker fungus and effects of verbenone on their semiochemical communication in Monterey pine forests in Northern Spain. |
| PubMed:Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Ips duplicatus to aggregation pheromone in Inner Mongolia, China: amitinol as a potential pheromone component. |
| PubMed:Acetophenone as an anti-attractant for the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus Brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:A novel porphyrin-based photocatalytic system for terpenoids production from (R)-(+)-limonene. |
| PubMed:Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Ips subelongatus to semiochemicals from its hosts, non-hosts, and conspecifics in China. |
| PubMed:Stratified epithelium in prostatic adenocarcinoma: a mimic of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. |
| PubMed:Acaricidal activities of paeonol and benzoic acid from Paeonia suffruticosa root bark and monoterpenoids against Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae). |
| PubMed:Nonhost angiosperm volatiles and verbenone disrupt response of western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to attractant-baited traps. |
| PubMed:Time-dependent density functional calculations of optical rotatory dispersion including resonance wavelengths as a potentially useful tool for determining absolute configurations of chiral molecules. |
| PubMed:Characterization of organic compounds in aerosol particles from a coniferous forest by GC-MS. |
| PubMed:A test of high-dose verbenone for stand-level protection of lodgepole and whitebark pine from mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) attacks. |
| PubMed:Vapor phase toxicity of marjoram oil compounds and their related monoterpenoids to Blattella germanica (Orthoptera: Blattellidae). |
| PubMed:Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil and the gum of Pistacia lentiscus Var. chia. |
| PubMed:Feeding response to host and nonhost compounds by males and females of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in a tunneling microassay. |
| PubMed:Analysis of volatile components from Ziziphora taurica subsp. taurica by steam distillation, superheated-water extraction, and direct thermal desorption with GCxGC-TOFMS. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of attraction and trap catches of the old-house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), by combination of male sex pheromone and monoterpenes. |
| PubMed:Formation of trans-verbenol and verbenone from alpha-pinene catalysed by immobilised Picea abies cells. |
| PubMed:Reconstruction of defects following bone tumor resections by distraction osteogenesis. |
| PubMed:Effects of 5 alpha reductase inhibitors on androgen-dependent human prostatic carcinoma cells. |
| PubMed:An extended use of the sentinel node in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: results of a prospective study of 100 patients. |
| PubMed:Stereoselective Rh-catalyzed hydrogenation of cyclobutyl chiral enamides: double stereodifferentiation vs catalyst-controlled diastereoselection. |
| PubMed:The effect of selected monoterpenoids on the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum NC4. |
| PubMed:chemical composition, plant genetic differences, antimicrobial and antifungal activity investigation of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. |
| PubMed:Antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Dracocephalum kotschyi in the mouse writhing test. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of the female sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri. |
| PubMed:Vulgarone B, the antifungal constituent in the steam-distilled fraction of Artemisia douglasiana. |
| PubMed:Assessing the separation of neutral plant secondary metabolites by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. |
| PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of (-)-verbenone 10-hydroxylation catalyzed by rat liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:Roles of human CYP2A6 and 2B6 and rat CYP2C11 and 2B1 in the 10-hydroxylation of (-)-verbenone by liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:[Chemical constituents in volatile oil from the flos of Dendranthema indicum var. aromaticum var. nov]. |
| PubMed:Transformation of alpha-pinene using Picea abies suspension culture. |
| PubMed:Molecular recognition in (+)-alpha-pinene oxidation by cytochrome P450cam. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of (-)-verbenone by human liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of (-)-a-pinene by Botrytis cinerea. |
| PubMed:Reaction between N-alkylhydroxylamines and chiral enoate esters: more experimental evidence for a cycloaddition-like process, a rationale based on DFT theoretical calculations, and stereoselective synthesis of new enantiopure beta-amino acids. |
| PubMed:Preparation of Optically Active Apoverbenone and Verbenone from Nopinone by Use of the Sulfenylation-Dehydrosulfenylation Method. Stability and Reactivity Attributable to Absolute Configuration at the Sulfur Atom in Sulfoxides. |
| PubMed:Olfactory responses of Ips duplicatus from inner Mongolia, China to nonhost leaf and bark volatiles. |
| PubMed:B-cell autoepitopes on the acetylcholinesterase-homologous region of human thyroglobulin: association with Graves' disease and thyroid eye disease. |
| PubMed:Kairomonal response by four Monochamus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to bark beetle pheromones. |
| PubMed:Preparative chiral liquid chromatography for enantiomeric separation of pheromones. |
| PubMed:Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the human prostate. |
| PubMed:Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from leaves of Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps pamp.). |
| PubMed:Volatile components of green walnut husks. |
| PubMed:Divergent routes to chiral cyclobutane synthons from (-)-alpha-pinene and their use in the stereoselective synthesis of dehydro amino acids. |
| PubMed:Comparison of headspace techniques for sampling volatile natural products in a dynamic system. |
| PubMed:Bioconversion of alpha pinene to verbenone by resting cells of Aspergillus niger. |
| PubMed:The effect of terpene enhancer lipophilicity on the percutaneous permeation of hydrocortisone formulated in HPMC gel systems. |
| PubMed:The catalytic triad in Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: pH, temperature and molecular modelling studies. |
| PubMed:Influence of drug lipophilicity on terpenes as transdermal penetration enhancers. |
| PubMed:Strain improvement of Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. by induced mutation for biotransformation of alpha-pinene to verbenol. |
| PubMed:Green leaf volatiles as antiaggregants for the mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:[Modification of the pharmacokinetics of some antibiotics by oral administration with an L-(-)verbenone beta-cyclodextrin complex]. |
| PubMed:Pheromones in white pine cone beetle,Conophthorus coniperda (schwarz) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:Response ofDendroctonus brevicomis Le Conte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to different release rates and ratios of aggregation semiochemicals and the inhibitors verbenone and ipsdienol. |
| PubMed:Insecticidal properties of several monoterpenoids to the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae), red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). |
| PubMed:Influence of aggregation inhibitors (verbenone and ipsidenol) on landing and attack behavior ofDendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:Repellent properties of the host compound 4-allylanisole to the southern pine beetle. |
| PubMed:Photoisomerization of antiaggregation pheromone verbenone: Biological and practical implications with respect to the mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:Olfactory receptor cell responses ofIps grandicollis (eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to intra- and interspecific behavioral chemicals. |
| PubMed:Attraction of bark beetles,Tomicus piniperda,Hylurgops palliatus, andTrypodendron domesticum and other insects to short-chain alcohols and monoterpenes. |
| PubMed:The response of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) to lodgepole pine trees baited with verbenone and exo-brevicomin. |
| PubMed:The N-terminal amino acid sequence is essential for foot-and-mouth disease virus replicase activity. |
| PubMed:Response ofDendroctonus brevicomis andIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to combinations of synthetic pheromone attractants and inhibitors verbenone and ipsdienol. |
| PubMed:Volatile compounds in the larval frass ofDendroctonus valens andDendroctonus micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in relation to oviposition by the predator,Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae). |
| PubMed:Present and future use of semiochemicals in pest management of bark beetles. |
| PubMed:Conversion of verbenols to verbenone by yeasts isolated fromDendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:Volatiles released from individual spruce bark beetle entrance holes Quantitative variations during the first week of attack. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of attraction to aggregation pheromone by verbenone and ipsenol : Density regulation mechanisms in bark beetleIps typographus. |
| PubMed:Electroantennograms by mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, exposed to selected chiral semiochemicals. |
| PubMed:Secondary attraction and field activity of beetle-produced volatiles inDendroctonus terebrans. |
| PubMed:Terpene alcohol pheromone production byDendroctonus ponderosae andIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the absence of readily culturable microorganisms. |
| PubMed:Antennal olfactory responsiveness of three sympatricIps species [Ips avulsus (Eichhoff),Ips calligraphus (Germar),Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff)], to intra- and interspecific behavioral chemicals. |
| PubMed:Oxygenated monoterpenes produced by yeasts, isolated fromIps typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and grown in phloem medium. |
| PubMed:Effect of verbenone on response ofDendroctonus brevicomis toexo-Brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. |
| PubMed:Differences in attraction to semiochemicals present in sympatric pine shoot beetles,Tomicus minor andT. piniperda. |
| PubMed:Semiochemicals produced by western balsam bark beetle,Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). |
| PubMed:[The effect of verbenone on prostaglandin production in vivo]. |
| PubMed:[Bradykinin bronchospasm in guinea pigs: effects of indomethacin and verbenone]. |
| PubMed:[Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, ADP, thrombin. Study of the antiaggregation effects of verbenone and indomethacin]. |
| PubMed:Electroantennogram responses by mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, exposed to selected semiochemicals. |
| PubMed:Interconversion of verbenols and verbenone by identified yeasts isolated from the spruce bark beetleIps typographus. |
| PubMed:Quantitative variation of pheromone components in the spruce bark beetleIps typographus from different attack phases. |
| PubMed:Attractive and inhibitory pheromones produced in the bark beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis, during host colonization: Regulation of inter- and intraspecific competition. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic adaptation in ligaments during immobilization. |
| PubMed:Single cell responses of the Douglas-fir beetle,Dendroctonus pseudotsugae hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to pheromones and host odors. |
| PubMed:Response of the clerid predatorThanasimus dubius (F.) to bark beetle pheromones and tree volatiles in a wind tunnel. |
| PubMed:Antennal olfactory responsiveness of Douglas-fir beetle,Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to pheromones and host odors. |
| PubMed:Sensitivity of antennae of male and femaleIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to its pheromone and other behavior-modifying chemicals. |
| PubMed:Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase: an electrophoretic study of the AdhS, AdhF, and AdhUF alleloenzymes. |
| PubMed:Interruption of response ofDendroctonus brevicomis to its attractive pheromone by components of the pheromone. |
| PubMed:Interspecific effects of pheromones on the attraction of the bark beetles,Dendroctonus brevicomis andIps paraconfusus in the laboratory. |
| PubMed:[Biogenetic relations between verbenone and alpha-pinene in Rosmarinus officinalis L]. |
| PubMed:Microbiological Transformation of Terpenes: II. Transformation of alpha-Pinene. |
|
3D/inchi