Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 %
|
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
Specific Gravity: | 0.87000 to 0.87700 @ 25.00 °C.
|
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.239 to 7.298
|
Specific Gravity: | 0.87500 to 0.88300 @ 20.00 °C.
|
Pounds per Gallon - est.: | 7.289 to 7.356
|
Refractive Index: | 1.39100 to 1.39400 @ 20.00 °C.
|
Melting Point: | -101.00 to -93.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 120.00 to 121.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 47.00 to 48.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
|
Acid Value: | 1.00 max. KOH/g
|
Vapor Pressure: | 12.800000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. |
Vapor Density: | 4.0 ( Air = 1 ) |
Flash Point: | 77.00 °F. TCC ( 25.00 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | 1.800 (est) |
Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. |
Soluble in: |
| fixed oils | | kerosene | | paraffin oil | | propylene glycol | | water, 4900 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
Insoluble in: |
| glycerin |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: | fruity |
Odor Strength: | high , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less |
Odor Description: at 1.00 % in propylene glycol. | fruity juicy fruit pineapple cognac |
Substantivity: | 4 Hour(s) |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Safety Information:
Most important hazard(s): | Xi - Irritant |
|
R 10 - Flammable. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
|
Human Experience: | 5 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
oral-rat LD50 13000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: COMA Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964.
oral-rabbit LD50 5228 mg/kg Industrial Medicine and Surgery. Vol. 41, Pg. 31, 1972.
|
Dermal Toxicity: | |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 2000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 719, 1974.
|
Inhalation Toxicity: | |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
Recommendation for ethyl butyrate usage levels up to: | | 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
|
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 93.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 28.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | 1400.00000 |
condiments / relishes: | - | - |
confectionery froastings: | - | - |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 44.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 44.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | - | 54.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 98.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | - | - |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | - |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | - |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 5: Esters of 23 branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and of one secondary alcohol, and 24 branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids from chemical groups 1, 2, and 5 View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 1 (FGE.05Rev1):Esters of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and of one secondary alcohol, and branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids from chemical groups 1, 2, and 5 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 2 (FGE.05Rev2): Branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters of these with aliphatic saturated alcohols from chemical groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank: | Search |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
Env. Mutagen Info. Center: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 105-54-4 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 7762 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WISER: | UN 1180 |
WGK Germany: | 1 |
| ethyl butanoate |
Chemidplus: | 0000105544 |
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
RTECS: | ET1660000 for cas# 105-54-4 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
|
For Odor |
No odor group found for these |
2,2,3- | trimethyl cyclopentane ethanol | |
aldehydic |
| citrus carbaldehyde | FR |
| octanal (aldehyde C-8) | FL/FR |
animal |
| methyl (E)-2-octenoate | FL/FR |
anisic |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
camphoreous |
| camphor tree bark oil | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
| heptanoic acid | FL/FR |
chemical |
iso | butyl formate | FL/FR |
| propyl propionate | FL/FR |
citrus |
| bergamot oil | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl-1-hexanol | FL/FR |
| grapefruit oil c.p. california | FL/FR |
| lime oil distilled mexico | FL/FR |
| methyl heptenone | FL/FR |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| propyl valerate | FL/FR |
fatty |
| allyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| allyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-hexenoate | FL/FR |
floral |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
| benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| benzyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | decen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
| geranyl acetate | FL/FR |
| geranyl valerate | FL/FR |
| linalool | FL/FR |
| neryl acetate | FL/FR |
| petitgrain oil paraguay | FL/FR |
| phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) russia | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
| terpinyl valerate | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl 10-undecenoate | FL/FR |
| allyl 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| allyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| allyl cyclohexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| allyl cyclohexyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
| allyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| allyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| allyl sorbate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | allyl sorbate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl acetate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| amyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| amyl propionate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl propionate | FL/FR |
| apple crotonate | FR |
| benzaldehyde | FL/FR |
| benzyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
| benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
| berry pentadienoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl (E)-2-butenoate | |
iso | butyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl propionate | FL/FR |
| butyl valerate | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| cyclohexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| diethyl malonate | FL/FR |
| ethyl (Z)-4-octenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-(2-furyl) propanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 5-hydroxyoctanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl benzoyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclohexane propionate | FL/FR |
| ethyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| ethyl propionate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
(E)- | ethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| ethyl-2-cyclopentenyl acetate | FR |
| green acetate | FR |
4- | heptanone | FL/FR |
2- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| juicy fruit fragrance | FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| menthyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl (Z)-4-octenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| methyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| methyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-2-pentenal | FL/FR |
3- | phenyl propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| pineapple hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
(S)-3- | thiohexanol | |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| tutti frutti fragrance | FR |
| vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
green |
| ethyl (E)-4-decenoate | FL/FR |
| galbanum oxyacetate | FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
3- | hexenyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
2,4- | ivy carbaldehyde | FL/FR |
(Z)- | leaf acetal | FL/FR |
| melon nonenoate | FL/FR |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
3- | octyl formate | FL/FR |
| pineapple heptadienone 10% | FR |
| spirogalbanone (Givaudan) | FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
herbal |
| herbal undecanone | FR |
| linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
alpha- | terpinyl acetate | FL/FR |
melon |
| melon heptenal | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| spearmint oil america | FL/FR |
nutty |
2- | methyl-3-ethoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
spicy |
(E)- | propyl 2-furan acrylate | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
| ethyl methyl mercaptopropionate | FL/FR |
tropical |
| pina colada fragrance | FR |
| tropical 3-thiobutyrate | FL/FR |
waxy |
| ethyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
|
For Flavor |
|
No flavor group found for these |
| allyl 10-undecenoate | FL/FR |
| allyl 3,5,5-trimethyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| allyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| allyl cyclohexyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| allyl cyclohexyl valerate | FL |
| allyl sorbate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | allyl sorbate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl 3-methyl thiopropionate | FL |
| amyl propionate | FL/FR |
| benzyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
| cyclohexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
(Z)-4- | decen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
9- | decen-2-one | FL |
| ethyl 3-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 5-hydroxyoctanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclohexane propionate | FL/FR |
| ethyl cyclohexyl carboxylate | FL |
| geranyl valerate | FL/FR |
| methyl (Z)-4-octenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-hexenoate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-3-ethoxypyrazine | FL/FR |
iso | propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl valerate | FL/FR |
| sorbyl propionate | FL |
(S)-3- | thiohexanol | |
acidic |
(E)-2- | hexenoic acid | FL |
aldehydic |
| octanal (aldehyde C-8) | FL/FR |
anise |
| ethyl para-anisate | FL/FR |
berry |
2,2,3- | trimethyl cyclopentane ethanol | |
camphoreous |
| camphor tree bark oil | FL/FR |
caramellic |
| maple furanone | FL/FR |
| shoyu furanone | FL/FR |
| strawberry furanone | FL/FR |
citrus |
| bergamot oil | FL/FR |
| grapefruit oil c.p. california | FL/FR |
| lime oil distilled mexico | FL/FR |
| linalool | FL/FR |
blood | orange oil italy | FL/FR |
sweet | orange peel oil c.p. brazil | FL/FR |
estery |
| ethyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
ethereal |
| ethyl acetate | FL/FR |
fatty |
| allyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl (E)-4-decenoate | FL/FR |
2- | ethyl-1-hexanol | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
2- | octen-1-ol | FL/FR |
floral |
| bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| citronellyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| linalyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| neryl acetate | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) russia | FL/FR |
| rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey | FL/FR |
| tropical ionone | FL/FR |
fruity |
| allyl cyclohexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
| allyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| allyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| allyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl acetate | FL/FR |
| amyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | amyl propionate | FL/FR |
| benzaldehyde | FL/FR |
| benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| benzyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
| berry pentadienoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl acetoacetate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl propionate | FL/FR |
| butyl valerate | FL/FR |
| cinnamyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| citronellyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| diethyl malonate | FL/FR |
| ethyl (Z)-4-octenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-(2-furyl) propanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hexenoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl benzoyl acetate | FL/FR |
| ethyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| ethyl lactate | FL/FR |
| ethyl propionate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | ethyl sorbate | FL/FR |
(E)- | ethyl tiglate | FL/FR |
| furfuryl valerate | FL |
2- | furyl pentyl ketone | FL |
4- | heptanone | FL/FR |
2- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| hexyl acetate | FL/FR |
| menthyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methionyl butyrate | FL |
| methyl (E)-2-octenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| methyl 2-methyl valerate | FL/FR |
| methyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl acetate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl butyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptanoate | FL/FR |
| methyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| methyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
(E,E)- | methyl sorbate | FL |
( | methyl thio) methyl hexanoate | FL |
| methyl valerate | FL/FR |
2- | methyl-2-pentenal | FL/FR |
3- | phenyl propyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| pineapple hydroxyhexanoate | FL/FR |
(E)- | propyl 2-furan acrylate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| propyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| propyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
iso | propyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| terpinyl valerate | FL/FR |
| vanilla carboxylate | FL/FR |
green |
iso | amyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl 2-butenoate | FL/FR |
| geranyl acetate | FL/FR |
(E)-2- | heptenal | FL |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-ol | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
(Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl acetate | FL/FR |
3- | hexenyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| hexyl isovalerate | FL/FR |
2,4- | ivy carbaldehyde | FL/FR |
(Z)- | leaf acetal | FL/FR |
| melon heptenal | FL/FR |
| melon nonenoate | FL/FR |
| methyl heptenone | FL/FR |
herbal |
| petitgrain oil paraguay | FL/FR |
honey |
| phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
minty |
| ethyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| spearmint oil america | FL/FR |
powdery |
| acetophenone | FL/FR |
rummy |
iso | butyl formate | FL/FR |
spicy |
para- | tolualdehyde | FL/FR |
sulfurous |
| ethyl methyl mercaptopropionate | FL/FR |
S- | ethyl thioacetate | FL |
| methyl 4-(methyl thio) butyrate | FL |
| tropical 3-thiobutyrate | FL/FR |
tropical |
| propyl propionate | FL/FR |
waxy |
iso | amyl butyrate | FL/FR |
iso | butyl (E)-2-butenoate | |
| ethyl decanoate | FL/FR |
| ethyl octanoate | FL/FR |
| heptanoic acid | FL/FR |
3- | octyl formate | FL/FR |
woody |
alpha- | terpinyl acetate | FL/FR |
|
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| butanoic acid ethyl ester | | butanoic acid, ethyl ester | | butyric acid ethyl ester | | butyric acid ethylester | | butyric acid, ethyl ester | | butyric ester | | butyric ether | | ethyl butanoate | | ethyl butryate | nat. | ethyl butyrate | | ethyl butyrate (natural) | | ethyl butyrate (natural) FCC | | ethyl butyrate FCC | | ethyl butyrate natural | | ethyl butyrate USP | | ethyl N-butanoate | | ethyl N-butyrate |
Articles:
PubMed: | The effect of sugars on the retention of ethyl butyrate by gellan gels. |
J-Stage: | ESTER-IMINE CONDENSATIONS: PREPARATION OF RACEMIC INTERMEDIATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF THE CARBAPENEM ANTIBIOTICS PS-5 AND PS-6 |
PubMed: | Esterification of fatty acids by Penicillium crustosum lipase in a membrane reactor. |
PubMed: | Endophytic fungi producing of esterases: evaluation in vitro of the enzymatic activity using pH indicator. |
PubMed: | Carbon dioxide and fruit odor transduction in Drosophila olfactory neurons. What controls their dynamic properties? |
PubMed: | Static liquid permeation cell method for determining the migration parameters of low molecular weight organic compounds in polyethylene terephthalate. |
PubMed: | Quantitative analysis of fragrance and odorants released from fresh and decaying strawberries. |
PubMed: | Influence of phenolic compounds on the sensorial perception and volatility of red wine esters in model solution: an insight at the molecular level. |
PubMed: | Encapsulated recyclable porous materials: an effective moisture-triggered fragrance release system. |
PubMed: | Determination of odor release in hydrocolloid model systems containing original or carboxylated cellulose at different pH values using static headspace gas chromatographic (SHS-GC) analysis. |
PubMed: | Enhanced ethyl butyrate production using immobilized lipase. |
PubMed: | Identification and field evaluation of fermentation volatiles from wine and vinegar that mediate attraction of spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. |
PubMed: | Influence of cultivation parameters on the composition of volatile compounds and physico-chemical characteristics of kiwi fruit. |
PubMed: | The effects of co-culturing non-Saccharomyces yeasts with S. cerevisiae on the sugar cane spirit (cachaça) fermentation process. |
PubMed: | Improvement of interfacial contacts for new small-molecule bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics. |
PubMed: | Headspace analysis of Italian and New Zealand parmesan cheeses. |
PubMed: | Structural transitions in cholesterol-based wormlike micelles induced by encapsulating alkyl ester oils with varying architecture. |
PubMed: | [Phylogenetic diversity characteristics of soil bacteria producing nematode-attracting volatiles and identification of their active compounds]. |
PubMed: | Design of biosolvents through hydroxyl functionalization of compounds with high dielectric constant. |
PubMed: | Comparative metabolic profiling to investigate the contribution of O. oeni MLF starter cultures to red wine composition. |
PubMed: | Lipases are soluble and active in glycerol carbonate as a novel biosolvent. |
PubMed: | Characterization of odor-active compounds of various cherry wines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-olfactometry and their correlation with sensory attributes. |
PubMed: | Odor identity influences tracking of temporally patterned plumes in Drosophila. |
PubMed: | Solubilization of oils or addition of monoglycerides drives the formation of wormlike micelles with an elliptical cross-section in cholesterol-based surfactants: a study by rheology, SANS, and cryo-TEM. |
PubMed: | Functional characterization and immunolocalization of odorant binding protein 1 in the lucerne plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (GOEZE). |
PubMed: | Brain-state-independent neural representation of peripheral stimulation in rat olfactory bulb. |
PubMed: | Towards biochemical filters with a sigmoidal response to pH changes: buffered biocatalytic signal transduction. |
PubMed: | Molecular dynamics simulations of the interfacial and structural properties of dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide micelles. |
PubMed: | Effectiveness of different solid-phase microextraction fibres for differentiation of selected Madeira island fruits based on their volatile metabolite profile--identification of novel compounds. |
PubMed: | Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus adults to selected synthetic palm esters: electroantennographic studies and trap catches in an urban environment. |
PubMed: | Odorant response kinetics from cultured mouse olfactory epithelium at different ages in vitro. |
PubMed: | How does long-term odor deprivation affect the olfactory capacity of adult mice? |
PubMed: | Retention of aroma compounds: an interlaboratory study on the effect of the composition of food matrices on thermodynamic parameters in comparison with water. |
PubMed: | Field evaluation of potential fruit-derived lures for Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
PubMed: | Characterization of the antennal olfactory system of the bed bug (Cimex lectularius). |
PubMed: | Fate of key odorants in Sauternes wines through aging. |
PubMed: | Reaction rate coefficients of OH radicals and Cl atoms with ethyl propanoate, n-propyl propanoate, methyl 2-methylpropanoate, and ethyl n-butanoate. |
PubMed: | Characterization of aroma-active compounds, sensory properties, and proteolysis in Ezine cheese. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of alkyl esters by cutinase in miniemulsion and organic solvent media. |
PubMed: | Two interacting olfactory transduction mechanisms have linked polarities and dynamics in Drosophila melanogaster antennal basiconic sensilla neurons. |
PubMed: | Select Drosophila glomeruli mediate innate olfactory attraction and aversion. |
PubMed: | Production, partial purification and characterization of organic solvent tolerant lipase from Burkholderia multivorans V2 and its application for ester synthesis. |
PubMed: | A circuit supporting concentration-invariant odor perception in Drosophila. |
PubMed: | Impact of thermal and nonthermal processing technologies on unfermented apple cider aroma volatiles. |
PubMed: | Esterase SeE of Streptococcus equi ssp. equi is a novel nonspecific carboxylic ester hydrolase. |
PubMed: | Ethylbutyrate, a valproate-like compound, exhibits inositol-depleting effects--a potential mood-stabilizing drug. |
PubMed: | Quantitative ester analysis in cachaca and distilled spirits by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). |
PubMed: | Solid-phase microextraction for determining twelve orange flavour compounds in a model beverage emulsion. |
PubMed: | Drosophila odorant receptors are both ligand-gated and cyclic-nucleotide-activated cation channels. |
PubMed: | Aroma barrier properties of sodium caseinate-based films. |
PubMed: | The effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on the catalytic activity of lipases in aqueous and non-aqueous media. |
PubMed: | A new irreversible enzyme-aided esterification method in organic solvents. |
PubMed: | Monitoring of enzymatic reactions using conventional and on-chip capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. |
PubMed: | Comparative study of aromatic compounds in young red wines from cabernet sauvignon, cabernet franc, and cabernet gernischet varieties in China. |
PubMed: | Behavioural responses of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to volatiles identified from dry cocoa beans. |
PubMed: | Studies on crystallization and cross-linking of lipase for biocatalysis. |
PubMed: | Timolol transport from microemulsions trapped in HEMA gels. |
PubMed: | The growth of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) on feed media dosed with flavour volatiles found in dry cocoa beans. |
PubMed: | Tracer aroma compound transfer from a solid and complex-flavored food matrix packed in treated papers or plastic packaging film. |
PubMed: | Subthreshold olfactory stimulation can enhance sweetness. |
PubMed: | Molecular basis for the enhanced lipase-catalyzed N-acylation of 1-phenylethanamine with methoxyacetate. |
PubMed: | Influence of microwave radiation on free Candida antarctica lipase B activity and stability. |
PubMed: | Aroma extraction dilution analysis of Sauternes wines. Key role of polyfunctional thiols. |
PubMed: | Metabolite production of yeasts on a strawberry-agar during storage at 7 degrees C in air and low oxygen atmosphere. |
PubMed: | Functional analysis of a Drosophila melanogaster olfactory receptor expressed in Sf9 cells. |
PubMed: | Topical delivery of retinyl ascorbate co-drug. 5. In vitro degradation studies. |
PubMed: | A new potential attractant for Anastrepha obliqua from Spondias mombin fruits. |
PubMed: | Effects of droplet crystallization and melting on the aroma release properties of a model oil-in-water emulsion. |
PubMed: | Release and perception of ethyl butanoate during and after consumption of whey protein gels: relation between textural and physiological parameters. |
PubMed: | Influence of ingredients on the self-diffusion of aroma compounds in a model fruit preparation: an nuclear magnetic resonance-diffusion-ordered spectroscopy investigation. |
PubMed: | T cell tolerance induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor is mediated by P21cip1. |
PubMed: | Characterization of cachaça and rum aroma. |
PubMed: | Ionic liquid-reconstituted cellulose composites as solid support matrices for biocatalyst immobilization. |
PubMed: | Characterization of the interaction between two food aroma components, alpha-pinene and ethyl butyrate, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) packaging films as a function of environmental humidity. |
PubMed: | Production of volatile compounds in cheese by Pseudomonas fragi strains of dairy origin. |
PubMed: | Removal of non-ionic organic pollutants from water via liquid-liquid extraction. |
PubMed: | Increase of the purification efficiency of biofilters by the use of a complementary ionisation step. |
PubMed: | Perceptual interactions in odour mixtures: odour quality in binary mixtures of woody and fruity wine odorants. |
PubMed: | The effect of solvent interactions on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin/flavor molecular inclusion complexes. |
PubMed: | Temporal aroma delivery from milk systems containing 0-5% added fat, observed by free choice profiling, time intensity, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry techniques. |
PubMed: | Esterase catalysis of substrate vapour: enzyme activity occurs at very low hydration. |
PubMed: | Solvent toxicity in organic-aqueous systems analysed by multivariate analysis. |
PubMed: | Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators is potently inhibited by a butyric acid derivative demonstrated to inactivate antigen-stimulated T cells. |
PubMed: | Investigation of volatiles in Charentais cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo Var. cantalupensis). Characterization of aroma constituents in some cultivars. |
PubMed: | Validation of a stimulation protocol suited to the investigation of odor-taste interactions with fMRI. |
PubMed: | Structure and function of long-lived olfactory organotypic cultures from postnatal mice. |
PubMed: | Synthesis of ethyl butanoate by a commercial lipase in aqueous media under conditions relevant to cheese ripening. |
PubMed: | Identification of aroma active compounds in orange essence oil using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Thermodynamic study of two different chewing-gum bases by inverse gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Ester synthesis in an aqueous environment by Streptococcus thermophilus and other dairy lactic acid bacteria. |
PubMed: | Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of butyl butyrate by alcoholysis in an integrated liquid-vapor system. |
PubMed: | Butyric acid derivative induces allospecific T cell anergy and prevents graft-versus-host disease. |
PubMed: | Toxicological evaluation of mixtures of nonionic surfactants, alone and in combination with oil. |
PubMed: | Integrating the molecular and cellular basis of odor coding in the Drosophila antenna. |
PubMed: | Behavior of flavor compounds in model food systems: a thermodynamic study. |
PubMed: | Analysis of volatile compounds of taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) and cajá (Spondias mombin L.) by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME). |
PubMed: | Self-assembly of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase into bimolecular aggregates dramatically affects functional properties. |
PubMed: | Influence of flavour absorption by food-packaging materials (low-density polyethylene, polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate) on taste perception of a model solution and orange juice. |
PubMed: | Effect of wild strains of Lactococcus lactis on the volatile profile and the sensory characteristics of ewes' raw milk cheese. |
PubMed: | Effects of pulsed electric field processing and storage on the quality and stability of single-strength orange juice. |
PubMed: | How low pH can intensify beta-damascenone and dimethyl trisulfide production through beer aging. |
PubMed: | Relationship between varietal amino acid profile of grapes and wine aromatic composition. Experiments with model solutions and chemometric study. |
PubMed: | Influence of lipid fraction, emulsifier fraction, and mean particle diameter of oil-in-water emulsions on the release of 20 aroma compounds. |
PubMed: | Light scattering investigations on dilute nonionic oil-in-water microemulsions. |
PubMed: | Aromatic profile of aqueous banana essence and banana fruit by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). |
PubMed: | In vivo measurement of flavour release from mixed phase gels. |
PubMed: | Interactions between artificial saliva and 20 aroma compounds in water and oil model systems. |
PubMed: | Volatile release from an emulsion: headspace and in-mouth studies. |
PubMed: | Influence of Different Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations during Storage on Production of Volatile Compounds by Starking Delicious Apples. |
PubMed: | Use of humidified air in optimizing APCI-MS response in breath analysis. |
PubMed: | Potential clinical use of butyric acid derivatives to induce antigen-specific T cell inactivation. |
PubMed: | Volatile composition of some Brazilian fruits: umbu-caja (Spondias citherea), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), Araça-boi (Eugenia stipitata), and Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum). |
PubMed: | Nonionic oil-in-water microemulsions: the effect of oil type on phase behaviour. |
PubMed: | Odor intensity evaluation in gas chromatography-olfactometry by finger span method. |
PubMed: | Involvement of genes encoding a K+ channel (ether a go-go) and a Na+ channel (smellblind) in Drosophila olfaction. |
PubMed: | Production of esters by Staphylococci. |
PubMed: | 'Interfacial affinity chromatography' of lipases: separation of different fractions by selective adsorption on supports activated with hydrophobic groups. |
PubMed: | The K+ channel gene ether a go-go is required for the transduction of a subset of odorants in adult Drosophila melanogaster. |
PubMed: | Spatial coding of odorant features in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb. |
PubMed: | Effect of oil on the level of solubilization of testosterone propionate into nonionic oil-in-water microemulsions. |
PubMed: | Spatially organized response zones in rat olfactory epithelium. |
PubMed: | Optimization of semiochemical-based trapping ofMetamasius hemipterus sericeus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). |
PubMed: | Purification and some properties of a carboxylesterase from ovine liver. |
PubMed: | Transport of sodium across the isolated bovine rumen epithelium: interaction with short-chain fatty acids, chloride and bicarbonate. |
PubMed: | Regional distribution of rat electroolfactogram. |
PubMed: | Discordant effects of butyrate analogues on erythroleukemia cell proliferation, differentiation and histone deacetylase. |
PubMed: | A selective separation of alcoholic beverages and distilled wines by gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Ethyl propionate: Synergistic kairomone for african palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). |
PubMed: | Discrimination among odorants by single neurons of the rat olfactory bulb. |
PubMed: | Ester-imine condensations: preparation of racemic intermediates for the synthesis of the carbapenem antibiotics PS-5 and PS-6. |
PubMed: | [Kinetics of membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus]. |
PubMed: | The contributions of smell and taste to overall intensity: a model. |
PubMed: | Effect of airway resistance on perceived odor intensity. |
PubMed: | Neural regeneration and functional reconnection following olfactory nerve transection in hamster. |
PubMed: | The relationship between the carboxylesterase and monoacylglycerol lipase activities of chicken liver microsomes. |
PubMed: | Interindividual differences in acuity for odor and aroma. |
PubMed: | Adaptation and cross-adaptation to odor stimulation of olfactory receptors in the tiger salamander. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of gas chromatograph packings for the separation of butyric acid from serum-catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl butyrate. |
PubMed: | Mutual action of taste and olfaction. |
PubMed: | Carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1). A comparison of some kinetic properties of horse, sheep, chicken, pig, and ox liver carboxylesterases. |
PubMed: | Identification of the volatile compounds produced in sterile fish muscle (Sebastes melanops) by Pseudomonas fragi. |
PubMed: | Ester synthesis by Zoogloea ramigera 115 grown in the presence of ethanol. |
PubMed: | Ester production by Pseudomonas fragi. II. Factors influencing ester levels in milk cultures. |
PubMed: | Partial biochemical characterization of the activated esterase required in the complement-dependent chemotaxis of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. |
PubMed: | Ethyl butyrate hydrolyzing activity of human serum. |
PubMed: | STUDIES ON ENZYME ACTION : XXXV. LIPASE ACTIONS OF EXTRACTS OF TISSUES OF RABBITS AT DIFFERENT AGES. |
PubMed: | A COMPARATIVE METHOD FOR TESTING THE ENZYMES OF LIVING HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI : I. LIPASE. |
PubMed: | NOTE ON THE SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL BUTYRATE IN EGG SECRETION. |
PubMed: | SKIN FERMENTS. |
PubMed: | THE EFFECT OF CONDITIONS UPON THE LATENT PERIOD AND RATE OF ASEPTIC POST MORTEM AUTOLYSIS DURING THE FIRST TEN HOURS. |
PubMed: | THE HYDROLYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL BUTYRATE BY PLATINUM BLACK. |
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