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phenyl pyruvic acid
2-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid

Supplier Sponsors

Name:2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid
CAS Number: 156-06-9Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:205-847-1
FDA UNII: X7CO62M413
Nikkaji Web:J11.025F
Beilstein Number:2207312
MDL:MFCD00002589
CoE Number:8109
XlogP3-AA:1.30 (est)
Molecular Weight:164.16036000
Formula:C9 H8 O3
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
JECFA Food Flavoring:1478 2-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:08.109 3-phenylpyruvic acid
FEMA Number:3892 2-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):156-06-9 ; 2-OXO-3-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:pale yellow powder (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 299.00 to 300.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point:> 212.00 °F. TCC ( > 100.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.142 (est)
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 propylene glycol
 water, 6.522e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: honey
Odor Strength:medium ,
recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less
Substantivity:146 hour(s) at 1.00 % in propylene glycol
sweet acidic honey almond weedy phenolic green
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. sweet acidic honey almond weedy phenolic green
Luebke, William tgsc, (2006)
Odor sample from: Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.: Aldrich
Flavor Type: phenolic
sweet phenolic grassy honey vegetable
Taste Description: at 80.00 ppm in water. sweet phenolic grassy honey vegetable
Luebke, William tgsc, (2006)
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
3-Phenylpyruvic acid 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Phenylpyruvic Acid
Parchem
phenyl pyruvic acid
Penta International
3-PHENYLPYRUVIC ACID
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Phenylpyruvic Acid 98%
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
Phenylpyruvic Acid >93.0%(GC)(T)
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 22 - Do not breath dust.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for phenyl pyruvic acid usage levels up to:
  0.5000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
 
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): ND (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 0.09 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 18
Click here to view publication 18
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: --
beverages(nonalcoholic): 0.5000010.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: 1.000005.00000
cheese: 0.500005.00000
chewing gum: 1.000005.00000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: 1.000005.00000
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: 0.500005.00000
gelatins / puddings: 0.500005.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: 1.000005.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: 0.500005.00000
nut products: --
other grains: 1.000005.00000
poultry: --
processed fruits: 0.100001.00000
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: 50.00000100.00000
snack foods: --
soft candy: 1.000005.00000
soups: --
sugar substitutes: 0.500005.00000
sweet sauces: 1.000005.00000
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 55 (FGE.55): Consideration of phenyl-substituted aliphatic alcohols and related aldehydes and esters evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to phenethyl alcohol, aldehyde, esters and related phenylacetic acid esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.14 (2005) and aryl-substituted saturated and unsaturated primary alcohol/aldehyde/acid/ester derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.15 (2005) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):156-06-9
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :997
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid
Chemidplus:0000156069
 
References:
 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):997
Pubchem (sid):134974264
Pherobase:View
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00166
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB00205
FooDB:FDB008272
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00786
Export Tariff Code:2918.30.3000
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
For Odor
acidic
cyclohexyl acetic acid
FL/FR
aldehydic
citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde
FL/FR
animal
para-
cresyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
1,2,3,4-
tetrahydroquinoline
FR
anisic
para-
anisyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
balsamic
guaiacyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
2-
phenyl propyl alcohol
FL/FR
caramellic
immortelle absolute
FL/FR
cereal
bran absolute
FR
chocolate
iso
amyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
cocoa pentenal
FL/FR
dairy
methyl butyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
fatty
methyl (E)-2-hexenoate
FL/FR
floral
cardamom absolute
FL/FR
citronellyl isovalerate
FL/FR
citronellyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
citronellyl valerate
FL/FR
decyl formate
FR
ethyl hydrocinnamate
FL/FR
ethyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
genet concrete
FR
geranyl anthranilate
FR
geranyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
honeysuckle absolute
FR
hyacinth acetals
FL/FR
kewda oil
CS
linalyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
octyl isovalerate
FL/FR
bitter
orangeflower absolute morocco
FL/FR
phenethyl acetate
FL/FR
phenethyl anthranilate
FL/FR
phenethyl benzoate
FL/FR
phenethyl hexanoate
FL/FR
phenethyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
phenethyl propionate
FL/FR
phenyl glycol diacetate
FR
3-
phenyl propyl formate
FL/FR
(E)-2-
phenyl-1(2)-propene-1-yl acetate
FR
iso
propyl anthranilate
FL/FR
iso
propyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
rhodinyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
rose absolute (rosa centifolia) morocco
FL/FR
rose carboxylate
FR
rose concrete (rosa centifolia)
FR
tuberose absolute (from concrete)
FL/FR
tuberose absolute (from pommade)
FL/FR
wallflower absolute
FR
fruity
allyl phenoxyacetate
FL/FR
(E)-beta-
damascone
FL/FR
beta-
damascone
FL/FR
(Z)-3-
octen-1-yl propionate
FL/FR
osmanthus flower absolute
FL/FR
strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called))
FL/FR
strawberry glycidate 2
FL/FR
green
(E)-2-
hexen-1-yl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
4-
methyl-4-phenyl pentanone
FR
(Z,Z)-3,6-
nonadien-1-ol
FL/FR
phenyl acetaldehyde
FL/FR
hay
beeswax absolute
FL/FR
herbal
apium graveolens seed oil
FL/FR
apium graveolens seed oil india
FL/FR
artemisyl ketone
FL/FR
celery seed oil replacer
FR
celery specialty
FR
american
elder flower absolute
FR
matricaria chamomilla flower oil
FL/FR
honey
allyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
butyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
methyl hydrocinnamate
FL/FR
methyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
phenethyl furoate
FL/FR
phenyl acetic acid
FL/FR
propyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
melon
(Z)-6-
nonen-1-ol
FL/FR
minty
agathosma crenulata leaf oil
FL/FR
musty
cocoa butenal
FL/FR
phenolic
tobacco specialty
FR
spicy
carnation absolute
FR
iso
eugenyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
eugenyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
thujonic
cistus cyclohexanone
FL/FR
waxy
dihydrocitronellyl acetate
FL/FR
1-
dodecanol
FL/FR
waxy acetate
FR
woody
santalyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
For Flavor
No flavor group found for these
1-
acetyl cyclohexyl acetate
FL
artemisyl ketone
FL/FR
cistus cyclohexanone
FL/FR
citronellyl isovalerate
FL/FR
citronellyl valerate
FL/FR
dihydrocitronellyl acetate
FL/FR
ethyl hydrocinnamate
FL/FR
eugenyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
fig leaf absolute
FL
(E)-2-
hexen-1-yl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
linalyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
methyl (E)-2-hexenoate
FL/FR
3-
methyl crotonic acid
FL
methyl hydrocinnamate
FL/FR
octyl isovalerate
FL/FR
phenethyl furoate
FL/FR
3-
phenyl propyl formate
FL/FR
iso
propyl anthranilate
FL/FR
santalyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
beta-
damascone
FL/FR
anisic
anisic
para-
anisyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
aromatic
hyacinth acetals
FL/FR
brown
beeswax absolute
FL/FR
citrus
citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde
FL/FR
dairy
methyl butyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
floral
iso
amyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
cardamom absolute
FL/FR
citronellyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
cocoa pentenal
FL/FR
geranyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
methyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
bitter
orangeflower absolute morocco
FL/FR
phenethyl anthranilate
FL/FR
phenethyl benzoate
FL/FR
phenethyl propionate
FL/FR
phenyl acetic acid
FL/FR
rose absolute (rosa centifolia) morocco
FL/FR
tuberose absolute (from concrete)
FL/FR
tuberose absolute (from pommade)
FL/FR
fruity
allyl phenoxyacetate
FL/FR
(E)-beta-
damascone
FL/FR
(Z)-3-
octen-1-yl propionate
FL/FR
osmanthus flower absolute
FL/FR
strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called))
FL/FR
strawberry glycidate 2
FL/FR
green
cocoa butenal
FL/FR
(E)-3-
hexenoic acid
FL
immortelle absolute
FL/FR
2-
phenyl propyl alcohol
FL/FR
herbal
apium graveolens seed oil
FL/FR
apium graveolens seed oil india
FL/FR
celery oleoresin
FL
matricaria chamomilla flower oil
FL/FR
honey
allyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
butyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
ethyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
phenethyl acetate
FL/FR
phenethyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
phenyl acetaldehyde
FL/FR
iso
propyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
propyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
minty
agathosma crenulata leaf oil
FL/FR
phenolic
para-
cresyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
guaiacyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
soapy
1-
dodecanol
FL/FR
sour
2,4-
dimethyl-2-pentenoic acid
FL
spicy
iso
eugenyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
sweet
cyclohexyl acetic acid
FL/FR
waxy
(Z,Z)-3,6-
nonadien-1-ol
FL/FR
(Z)-6-
nonen-1-ol
FL/FR
phenethyl hexanoate
FL/FR
rhodinyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
 
Potential Uses:
FRfloral
FRflower shop
 grass
FRhoney
FRtobacco
FLvegetable
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 found in nature
 
Synonyms:
alpha-oxo-benzene propanoic acid
alpha-oxo-benzenepropanoic acid
2-oxo-3-phenyl propanoic acid
3-phenyl-2-oxopropanoic acid
2-oxo-3-phenylpropanic acid
2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid
2-oxo-3-phenylpropionic acid
 phenylpyruvic acid
3-phenylpyruvic acid
b-phenylpyruvic acid
3-phenylpyruvicacid
 

Articles:

PubMed:Modeling of the total antioxidant capacity of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea infusions from chromatographic fingerprints and identification of potential antioxidant markers.
PubMed:Production of natural antimicrobial compound D-phenyllactic acid using Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 8293 whole cells involving highly active D-lactate dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Screening of phenylpyruvic acid producers and optimization of culture conditions in bench scale bioreactors.
PubMed:Enzymatic production of D-3-phenyllactic acid by Pediococcus pentosaceus D-lactate dehydrogenase with NADH regeneration by Ogataea parapolymorpha formate dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Effects of fermented rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) on adipocyte differentiation.
PubMed:Effect of amino acids on the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in creatinine/phenylalanine and creatinine/phenylalanine/4-oxo-2-nonenal reaction mixtures.
PubMed:Z-2-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, an α-hydroxy acid from rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) with hypoglycemic activity.
PubMed:Cell-free supernatants obtained from fermentation of cheese whey hydrolyzates and phenylpyruvic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum as a source of antimicrobial compounds, bacteriocins, and natural aromas.
PubMed:Obesity-related metabolomic analysis of human subjects in black soybean peptide intervention study by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Determination of α-keto acids in pork meat and Iberian ham via tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Characterisation of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in etiolated leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis) plants in the dark.
PubMed:Variation in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fermented rooibos herbal tea infusions: role of production season and quality grade.
PubMed:Characterization of D-lactate dehydrogenase producing D-3-phenyllactic acid from Pediococcus pentosaceus.
PubMed:Characterization of D-lactate dehydrogenase from Pediococcus acidilactici that converts phenylpyruvic acid into phenyllactic acid.
PubMed:Kinetic optimisation of the reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) phenolics on conventional high performance liquid chromatographic instrumentation.
PubMed:Strecker aldehydes and α-keto acids, produced by carbonyl-amine reactions, contribute to the formation of acrylamide.
PubMed:Bioconversion of phenylpyruvate to phenyllactate: gene cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization of D- and L1-lactate dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus plantarum SK002.
PubMed:3-Phenyllactic acid production by substrate feeding and pH-control in fed-batch fermentation of Lactobacillus sp. SK007.
PubMed:Model studies on the oxygen-induced formation of benzaldehyde from phenylacetaldehyde using pyrolysis GC-MS and FTIR.
PubMed:Optimization of culture medium for the production of phenyllactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. SK007.
PubMed:Purification and partial characterization of Lactobacillus species SK007 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzing phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) conversion into phenyllactic acid (PLA).
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of ketoacids and dicarbonyl compounds, key Maillard intermediates on the generation of aged wine aroma.
PubMed:Biotransformation of phenylpyruvic acid to phenyllactic acid by growing and resting cells of a Lactobacillus sp.
PubMed:Chemical conversion of alpha-amino acids into alpha-keto acids by 4,5-epoxy-2-decenal.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenols on the production of a virulence factor of the periodontal-disease-causing anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis.
PubMed:Involvement of manganese in conversion of phenylalanine to benzaldehyde by lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:Conversion of phenylalanine to benzaldehyde initiated by an aminotransferase in lactobacillus plantarum
 
Notes:
Flavouring ingredient Phenylpyruvic_acid
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