Articles:
Notes:
tobacco note - coumarin and myrrh resinoid. effective in reducing edema following crush & thermal injury; coumarin itself occurs in the tonka bean (dipteryx). Occurs in sweet clover. Banned by FDA for use in food
Coumarin is a fragrant chemical compound in the benzopyrone chemical class, found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean (Dipteryx odorata), vanilla grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum), mullein (Verbascum spp.), sweet grass (Hierochloe odorata), cassia cinnamon (Cinnamomum aromaticum) and sweet clover (Fabaceae spp.). It has a sweet odor, readily recognised as the scent of newly-mown hay, and has been used in perfumes since 1882. Sweet woodruff, sweet grass and sweet clover in particular are named for their sweet smell, which is due to their high content of this substance. When it occurs in high concentrations in forage plants, coumarin is a somewhat bitter-tasting appetite suppressant, and is presumed to be produced by plants as a defense chemical to discourage predation. Although coumarin itself has no anticoagulant properties, it is transformed into the natural anticoagulant dicoumarol by a number of species of fungi. Coumarin is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor molecule in the synthesis of a number of synthetic anticoagulant pharmaceuticals similar to dicoumarol, the notable ones being warfarin (tradenamed "Coumadin," not to be confused with coumarin) and some even more potent rodenticides that work by the same anticoagulant mechanism. [Wikipedia]
| Fragrance Demo Formulas | ||
| Name: | chromen-2-one | |
| CAS Number: | 91-64-5 |  3D/inchi
|
| ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: | 202-086-7 | |
| FDA UNII: | A4VZ22K1WT | |
| Nikkaji Web: | J3.218B | |
| Beilstein Number: | 0383644 | |
| MDL: | MFCD00006850 | |
| XlogP3: | 1.40 (est) | |
| Molecular Weight: | 146.14522000 | |
| Formula: | C9 H6 O2 | |
| BioActivity Summary: | listing | |
| NMR Predictor: | Predict (works with chrome or firefox) | |
Category: fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Perfumer and Flavorist: | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| Pubchem Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
| FDA Mainterm: | COUMARIN--PROHIBITED |
| FDA Regulation: | |
| FDA PART 189 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN HUMAN FOOD Subpart C--Substances Generally Prohibited From Direct Addition or Use as Human Food Sec. 189.130 Coumarin. | |
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystals (est) |
| Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 % |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 68.00 to 74.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point: | 297.00 to 301.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point: | 161.00 to 162.00 °C. @ 14.00 mm Hg |
| Congealing Point: | 68.00 °C. |
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.100000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C. |
| Vapor Density: | 5.1 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.00 °C. ) |
| logP (o/w): | 1.390 |
| Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Soluble in: | |
| alcohol | |
| kerosene | |
| paraffin oil | |
| water, 1900 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) | |
| Insoluble in: | |
| water | |
| isopropyl myristate | |
| Stability: | |
| non-discoloring | |
| Similar Items: note | |
| 6-amyl-alpha-pyrone | |
| 4,6-dimethyl-alpha-pyrone | |
| (±)-dihydromint lactone | |
| tonka ketone | |
| tonka furanone | |
| gamma-hexalactone | |
| tonkavert | |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: | tonka |
| Odor Strength: | medium , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less |
| Odor Description: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | sweet hay tonka new mown hay |
| Substantivity: | 364 hour(s) at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol |
Cosmetic Information:
| CosIng: | cosmetic data |
| Cosmetic Uses: |
perfuming agents |
Safety Information:
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
|
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
|
oral-rat LD50 293 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 385, 1974. oral-mouse LD50 196 mg/kg Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 83, Pg. 1124, 1963. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 220 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ANALGESIA Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 15, Pg. 897, 1965. oral-guinea pig LD50 202 mg/kg LIVER: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964. oral-man TDLo 87 mg/kg/17W-I LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED Human Toxicology. Vol. 8, Pg. 501, 1989. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
|
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 242 mg/kg Yakugaku Zasshi. Journal of Pharmacy. Vol. 83, Pg. 1124, 1963. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | fragrance agents | ||
| IFRA Critical Effect: | Sensitization | ||
| IFRA: | View Standard | ||
| Fragrance usage is IFRA RESTRICTED. View Standard for complete information. | |||
| Please review all IFRA documents for complete information. | |||
| IFRA categories: limits in the finished product: (For a description of the categories, refer to the IFRA QRA Information Booklet.) | |||
| Category 1: See Note (1) | 0.10 % (1) | ||
| Category 2: | 0.13 % | ||
| Category 3: | 0.50 % | ||
| Category 4: | 1.60 % | ||
| Category 5: | 0.80 % | ||
| Category 6: See Note (1) | 2.50 % (1) | ||
| Category 7: | 0.30 % | ||
| Category 8: | 2.00 % | ||
| Category 9: | 5.00 % | ||
| Category 10: | 2.50 % | ||
| Category 11: | See Note (2) | ||
| Notes: | |||
(1) IFRA would recommend that any material used to impart perfume or flavour in products intended for human ingestion should consist of ingredients that are in compliance with appropriate regulations for foods and food flavourings in the countries of planned distribution and, where these are lacking, with the recommendations laid down in the Code of Practice of IOFI (International Organisation of the Flavor Industry). Further information about IOFI can be found on its website (www.iofi.org). | |||
(2) Category 11 includes all non-skin contact or incidental skin contact products. Due to the negligible skin contact from these types of products there is no justification for a restriction of the concentration of this fragrance ingredient in the finished product. | |||
| Recommendation for coumarin flavor usage levels up to: | |||
| not for flavor use. | |||
Safety References:
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): | |
| Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Coumarin. View page or View pdf | |
| Coumarin in flavourings and other food ingredients with flavouring properties - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf | |
| EPI System: | View |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: | search |
| NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank: | Search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| AIDS Citations: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database: | Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology: | Search |
| Env. Mutagen Info. Center: | Search |
| NLM Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 91-64-5 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 323 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| SCCNFP: | opinion |
| WISER: | UN 2811 |
| WGK Germany: | 1 |
| chromen-2-one | |
| Chemidplus: | 0000091645 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
| RTECS: | 91-64-5 |
References:
| chromen-2-one | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 91-64-5 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 323 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134971583 |
| Flavornet: | 91-64-5 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 |
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2009 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS): | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C05851 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB01218 |
| FooDB: | FDB011938 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2932.21.0000 |
| Haz-Map: | View |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| RSC Learn Chemistry: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
| anise seed Search Trop Picture | |
| apple custard apple plant Search Trop Picture | |
| barley plant Search Trop Picture | |
| bergamot oil @ trace% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| bilberry fruit - 0.0005 mg/kg Search Trop Picture | |
| cacao bean Search Trop Picture | |
| caper plant Search Trop Picture | |
| carrot root Search Trop Picture | |
| cassia bark Search Trop Picture | |
| cassia leaf oil - up to 83,300 mg /kg Search Trop Picture | |
| celery seed Search Trop Picture | |
| champaca concrete @ 0.01% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| cherry sour cherry plant Search Trop Picture | |
| chicory plant Search Trop Picture | |
| cichorium intybus l. root extract @ 0.20% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| cinnamon bark oil - 7000 mg/kg Search Trop Picture | |
| cinnamon bark oil (cinnamomum zeylanicum blume) india @ 0.41% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| cinnamon ceylon cinnamon bark Search Trop Picture | |
| cinnamon ceylon cinnamon leaf oil Search Trop Picture | |
| cinnamon ceylon cinnamon stem bark Search Trop Picture | |
| cinnamon leaf oil - 40,600 mg/kg Search Trop Picture | |
| cinnamon twig oil @ 0.32% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| clover yellow sweet clover Search Trop Picture | |
| cocoa bean Search Trop Picture | |
| date palm leaf Search Trop Picture | |
| dill seed Search Trop Picture | |
| fenugreek plant Search Trop Picture | |
| fenugreek seed Search Trop Picture | |
| fig leaf Search Trop Picture | |
| grape fruit Search Trop Picture | |
| honey buckwheat honey PbMd Search PMC Picture | |
| lavandin absolute grosso @ 7.70% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| lavandin water (lavandula hydrida) @ 0.08% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| lavender oil - 20 mg/kg Search Trop Picture | |
| lavender spike water @ 0.06% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| lavender water bulgaria @ 0.19% Data GC Search Trop Picture | |
| lemon plant Search Trop Picture | |
| lovage root Search Trop Picture | |
| mugwort plant Search Trop Picture | |
| peppermint leaf Search Trop Picture | |
| peppermint oil - 20 mg/kg Search Trop Picture | |
| purslane plant Search Trop Picture | |
| tarragon plant Search Trop Picture | |
| tea green tea - 1.2 – 1.7 mg/kg Search Trop Picture | |
| thyme oil Search Trop Picture | |
| tonka bean Search Trop Picture | |
| wormwood wild wormwood plant Search Trop Picture |
Synonyms:
| benzo-alpha-pyrone | |
| 2H- | benzo(b)pyran-2-one |
| 2H- | benzo[b]pyran-2-one |
| 2-oxo-1,2- | benzopyran |
| 2-oxo-2H-1- | benzopyran |
| o-oxo-1,2- | benzopyran |
| ortho-oxo-1,2- | benzopyran |
| 1- | benzopyran-2-one |
| 2H- | benzopyran-2-one |
| 2H-1- | benzopyran-2-one |
| 2H-1- | benzopyran, 2-oxo- |
| 1,2- | benzopyrone |
| chromen-2-one | |
| 2H- | chromen-2-one |
| chromenone | |
| cis-o- | coumaric acid anhydride |
| coumarin (ex tonka beans) | |
| coumarin crystals | |
| coumarin natural | |
| coumarin powder 60 mesh | |
| coumarin, chinese | |
| coumarin, japan | |
| coumarine | |
| coumarine ( ex china ) | |
| coumarine rhodiantal | |
| (Z)-o- | coumarinic acid lactone |
| (Z)-ortho- | coumarinic acid lactone |
| coumarinic anhydride | |
| coumarinic lactone | |
| cumarin | |
| o- | hydroxycinnamic acid delta-lactone |
| ortho- | hydroxycinnamic acid delta-lactone |
| o- | hydroxycinnamic acid lactone |
| ortho- | hydroxycinnamic acid lactone |
| o- | hydroxycinnamic lactone |
| ortho- | hydroxycinnamic lactone |
| 3-(2- | hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic d-lactone |
| 3-(2- | hydroxyphenyl)-delta-lactone |
| 2- | propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, d-lactone |
| 2- | propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-d-lactone |
| tonka bean camphor |