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Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear viscous liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 50.00 to 70.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.96900 to 0.97700 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Pounds per Gallon - est.: | 8.072 to 8.139
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| Boiling Point: | 101.00 to 103.00 °C. @ 0.10 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 302.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.000002 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | > 212.00 °F. TCC ( > 100.00 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 4.647 (est) |
| Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | fixed oils | | | propylene glycol | | | water, 4.188 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | glycerin |
| Stability: |
| | cream | | | hair spray | | | lotion | | | non-discoloring in most media | | | powder | | | soap |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: woody |
| sweet sandalwood woody |
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. deep sweet sandalwood woody
Luebke, William tgsc, (1991) |
| Odor sample from: International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Human Experience: |
| 20 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| Recommendation for santalol usage levels up to: | | | 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
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| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 1.00000 | 8.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.06000 | 2.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | 0.20000 |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | 0.35000 | 2.00000 |
| fruit ices: | 0.35000 | 2.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 1.00000 | 10.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| alpha,beta- | argeol | | | artheol | | 5-(2,3- | dimethyl tricyclo(2.2.1.0(2,6))hept-3-yl)-2-methyl-2-penten-1-ol | | (7E,9E,11E,13E)- | pentadeca-7,9,11,13-tetraen-1-ol | | alpha,beta- | santalol | | | santalol (alpha & beta) | | | santalol nat australia (Robertet) |
Articles:
| PubMed:Biocatalyst mediated regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation and epoxidation of (Z)-α-santalol. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F cytochromes P450 produce santalols and bergamotol. |
| PubMed:Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Cytokine/Chemokine Production in Skin Cells by Sandalwood Oils and Purified α-santalol and β-santalol. |
| PubMed:α-santalol inhibits the angiogenesis and growth of human prostate tumor growth by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated AKT/mTOR/P70S6K signaling pathway. |
| PubMed:Structural factors in the odor of alpha-santalol derivatives. |
| PubMed:Chemopreventive effects of combination of honokiol and magnolol with α-santalol on skin cancer developments. |
| PubMed:Molecular regulation of santalol biosynthesis in Santalum album L. |
| PubMed:TLC-bioautographic evaluation of in vitro anti-tyrosinase and anti-cholinesterase potentials of sandalwood oil. |
| PubMed:α-Santalol, a skin cancer chemopreventive agent with potential to target various pathways involved in photocarcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Antineoplastic effects of α-santalol on estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of in vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials of α-santalol and sandalwood oil. |
| PubMed:Preparative separation of α- and β-santalenes and (Z)-α- and (Z)-β-santalols using silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel medium pressure liquid chromatography and analysis of sandalwood oil. |
| PubMed:Repellent effect of santalol from sandalwood oil against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). |
| PubMed:Determination of the absolute stereochemistry of limonene and alpha-santalol by Raman optical activity spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:α-Santalol, a derivative of sandalwood oil, induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by causing caspase-3 activation. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition of volatile oils from the pericarps of Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) by different extraction methods. |
| PubMed:α-Santalol derivatives from Santalum album and their cytotoxic activities. |
| PubMed:Structure-odor relationships of α-santalol derivatives with modified side chains. |
| PubMed:In vitro anti-viral effect of β-santalol against influenza viral replication. |
| PubMed:Acaricidal and oviposition deterring effects of santalol identified in sandalwood oil against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). |
| PubMed:The synthesis of (Z)-trisubstituted allylic alcohols by the selective 1,4-hydrogenation of dienol esters: improved synthesis of (-)-β-santalol. |
| PubMed:Skin cancer chemoprevention by α-santalol. |
| PubMed:Application of a multidimensional gas chromatography system with simultaneous mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection to the analysis of sandalwood oil. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of sandalwood odorants: synthesis of a new campholene derivative. |
| PubMed:Geographic and phenotypic variation in heartwood and essential-oil characters in natural populations of Santalum austrocaledonicum in Vanuatu. |
| PubMed:Alpha-santalol, a chemopreventive agent against skin cancer, causes G2/M cell cycle arrest in both p53-mutated human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and p53 wild-type human melanoma UACC-62 cells. |
| PubMed:Transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2-dependent phase II detoxification genes in the involved epidermis of vitiligo vulgaris. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of endemic Centaurea cariensis subsp. niveo-tomentosa. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of new exo- and endo-3,8-dihydro-beta-santalols and other norbornyl-derived alcohols. |
| PubMed:Enantioselective synthesis of (-)-beta-santalol by a copper-catalyzed enynol cyclization-fragmentation reaction. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and olfactory evaluation of bulky moiety-modified analogues to the sandalwood odorant Polysantol. |
| PubMed:(13)C-NMR spectra of santalol derivatives: a comparison of DFT-based calculations and database-oriented prediction techniques. |
| PubMed:Essential oil composition of three Peperomia species from the Amazon, Brazil. |
| PubMed:Fragrance material review on alpha-santalol. |
| PubMed:Fragrance material review on santalol. |
| PubMed:Recent developments in the chemistry of sandalwood odorants. |
| PubMed:Effects of alpha-santalol on proapoptotic caspases and p53 expression in UVB irradiated mouse skin. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of sandalwood odorants: total synthesis and fragrance properties of cyclopropano-beta-santalol. |
| PubMed:Safety assessment of sandalwood oil (Santalum album L.). |
| PubMed:[Effect of santalol on the sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats]. |
| PubMed:Chemoprevention by alpha-santalol on UVB radiation-induced skin tumor development in mice. |
| PubMed:Comparative molecular and phytochemical study of the tree species Santalum austrocaledonicum (Santalaceae) distributed in the New-Caledonian archipelago. |
| PubMed:Composition, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of essential oils from Aristolochia mollissima. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of terpenoids by mammals, microorganisms, and plant-cultured cells. |
| PubMed:In the quest for a virtual pseudo receptor for sandalwood-like odorants. Part I: The empirical approach. |
| PubMed:Broad activation of the glomerular layer enhances subsequent olfactory responses. |
| PubMed:East Indian Sandalwood and alpha-santalol odor increase physiological and self-rated arousal in humans. |
| PubMed:Chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol on ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1 hairless mice. |
| PubMed:Syntheses and odor of "bulky group"-modified sandalwood odorants: isophorono-beta-santalol analogues. |
| PubMed:Chemopreventive effects of various concentrations of alpha-santalol on skin cancer development in CD-1 mice. |
| PubMed:Anti-Helicobacter pylori compounds from Santalum album. |
| PubMed:6-Substituted indanoyl isoleucine conjugate induces tobacco plant responses in secondary metabolites. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of sandalwood odorants: synthesis and odor of tricyclo beta-santalol. |
| PubMed:Skin cancer chemopreventive agent, {alpha}-santalol, induces apoptotic death of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells via caspase activation together with dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. |
| PubMed:Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection: qualitative and quantitative analysis of West Australian sandalwood oil. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition of the essential oils of Clausena lansium from Hainan Island, China. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the quality of sandalwood essential oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the effects of East Indian sandalwood oil and alpha-santalol on humans after transdermal absorption. |
| PubMed:Chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol on skin tumor development in CD-1 and SENCAR mice. |
| PubMed:[The influence of external stimulation on content and quality of volatile oil in Lignun Santali albi]. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and olfactoric activity of side-chain modified beta-santalol analogues. |
| PubMed:Effects of sesquiterpenoids from "Oriental incenses" on acetic acid-induced writhing and D2 and 5-HT2A receptors in rat brain. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of sandalwood odorants: synthesis and odour of methyl-beta-santalol. |
| PubMed:Effect of α-santalol and β-santalol from sandalwood on the central nervous system in mice. |
| PubMed:Analysis of fragrance compounds in blood samples of mice by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, GC/FTIR and GC/AES after inhalation of sandalwood oil. |
| PubMed:Depigmented contact dermatitis due to incense. |
| PubMed:[Preparation of santalol by centrifugal-thin layer chromatographic method]. |
| PubMed:Microbiological transformations of terpenes. III. Transformations of some mono- and sesqui-terpenes. |
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3D/inchi