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Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.92600 to 0.93600 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.714 to 7.798
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| Refractive Index: | 1.46400 to 1.47400 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Boiling Point: | 198.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.515000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 150.00 °F. TCC ( 65.60 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 3.200 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 137.2 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: citrus |
| fresh clean citrus minty spearmint herbal |
| Odor Description:Used in citrus and minty flavours: at 0.3-0.5ppm in beverages and dairy products, and up to 5ppm in sauces.Note: the epoxide can be lost in alcoholic and aqueous solutions, in acidic conditions.fresh clean citrus minty spearmint herbal |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intramuscular-mouse LD50 100 mg/kg
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Section C: Biological Sciences. Vol. 21, Pg. 342, 1962.
oral-mouse LD50 2700 uL/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 9, Pg. 518, 1978.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
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| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 24 |
| Click here to view publication 24 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.05000 | 0.50000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | 0.50000 | 5.00000 |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | - |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | 0.05000 | 0.50000 |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 7-oxa | bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-4- (1-methylethenyl)- | | 7-oxa | bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)- | | 1,2- | epoxylimonene | | | limonene 1,2-epoxide | | | limonene 1,2-oxide | | | limonene epoxide | | (cis+trans)-1,2-(+)- | limonene oxide | | | limonene oxide mixed isomers | | (+)- | limonene oxide, mixture of cis and trans | | D-8-p- | menthene-1,2-epoxide | | 6- | methyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane | | 1- | methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane | | 1- | methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane | | 1- | methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)-7-oxabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane | | 1- | methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane | | 1- | methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane | | 4-iso | propenyl-1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan | | 4-iso | propenyl-1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane |
Articles:
| Google Patents:Pyrolysis of limonene oxide |
| PubMed:Photocatalysis of sub-ppm limonene over multiwalled carbon nanotubes/titania composite nanofiber under visible-light irradiation. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and structural revision of a brominated sesquiterpenoid, aldingenin C. |
| PubMed:Structural characterization of a hypothetical protein: a potential agent involved in trimethylamine metabolism in Catenulispora acidiphila. |
| PubMed:Potential antioxidant and anxiolytic effects of (+)-limonene epoxide in mice after marble-burying test. |
| PubMed:Computationally designed libraries for rapid enzyme stabilization. |
| PubMed:Study of ozone-initiated limonene reaction products by low temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Anthelmintic activity of the natural compound (+)-limonene epoxide against Schistosoma mansoni. |
| PubMed:Olfactory discrimination ability of South African fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus) for enantiomers. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of acute toxicity of a natural compound (+)-limonene epoxide and its anxiolytic-like action. |
| PubMed:Indoloquinazoline alkaloids from Euodia rutaecarpa and their cytotoxic activities. |
| PubMed:QM/MM study of the mechanism of enzymatic limonene 1,2-epoxide hydrolysis. |
| PubMed:Total synthesis of (+)-cymbodiacetal: a re-evaluation of the biomimetic route. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of allergenicity of constituents of myoga using the murine local lymph node assay. |
| PubMed:Thorough evaluation of the validity of conventional enantio-gas chromatography in the analysis of volatile chiral compounds in mandarin essential oil: A comparative investigation with multidimensional gas chromatography. |
| PubMed:Conformational preference of a chiral terpene: vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), infrared and Raman study of S-(-)-limonene oxide. |
| PubMed:Structure and spasmolytic activity relationships of monoterpene analogues found in many aromatic plants. |
| PubMed:Effect of needle damage on the release rate of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) volatiles. |
| PubMed:Acaricidal activity of limonene, limonene oxide and beta-amino alcohol derivatives on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. |
| PubMed:Chemical and physical stability of protein and gum arabic-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions containing limonene. |
| PubMed:Screening of antibacterial activities of twenty-one oxygenated monoterpenes. |
| PubMed:Heterogeneous reactions of ozone and D-limonene on activated carbon. |
| PubMed:Antinociceptive activity of structural analogues of rotundifolone: structure-activity relationship. |
| PubMed:Chemical and physical stability of citral and limonene in sodium dodecyl sulfate-chitosan and gum arabic-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. |
| PubMed:Toxicity study of the volatile constituents of Myoga utilizing acute dermal irritation assays and the Guinea-pig Maximization test. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of characteristic aroma compounds of Citrus natsudaidai Hayata (Natsudaidai) cold-pressed peel oil. |
| PubMed:Evidence for the role of the monB genes in polyether ring formation during monensin biosynthesis. |
| PubMed:Stereoselective biotransformation of limonene and limonene oxide by cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. |
| PubMed:Catalytic mechanism of limonene epoxide hydrolase, a theoretical study. |
| PubMed:Structure of an atypical epoxide hydrolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis gives insights into its function. |
| PubMed:[Terpenoids in root exudates of different allelopathic rice varieties]. |
| PubMed:Integron-associated mobile gene cassettes code for folded proteins: the structure of Bal32a, a new member of the adaptable alpha+beta barrel family. |
| PubMed:The number of functional olfactory receptor genes and the relative size of olfactory brain structures are poor predictors of olfactory discrimination performance with enantiomers. |
| PubMed:Alternating copolymerization of limonene oxide and carbon dioxide. |
| PubMed:Olfactory discrimination ability of human subjects for enantiomers with an isopropenyl group at the chiral center. |
| PubMed:Transformation of terpenes using a Picea abies suspension culture. |
| PubMed:Patch testing with oxidized R-(+)-limonene and its hydroperoxide fraction. |
| PubMed:Structure of Rhodococcus erythropolis limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase reveals a novel active site. |
| PubMed:Determination of limonene oxidation products using SPME and GC-MS. |
| PubMed:Oxide terpenes as human skin penetration enhancers of haloperidol from ethanol and propylene glycol and their modes of action on stratum corneum. |
| PubMed:Effects of storage conditions on the composition of Citrus tamurana Hort. ex Tanaka (hyuganatsu) essential oil. |
| PubMed:Additive toxicity of limonene and 50% oxygen and the role of glutathione in detoxification in human lung cells. |
| PubMed:Characterization of tert-butyl alcohol binding to alpha2u-globulin in F-344 rats. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-limonene by fungi and the use of solid phase microextraction for screening. |
| PubMed:Aroma-active compounds of miniature beefsteakplant (Mosla dianthera Maxim). |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the in vivo interaction of methyl tert-butyl ether with alpha2u-globulin in male F-344 rats. |
| PubMed:Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 contains a novel degradation pathway for limonene. |
| PubMed:The structures of alpha 2u-globulin and its complex with a hyaline droplet inducer. |
| PubMed:The Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase gene encodes an enzyme belonging to a novel class of epoxide hydrolases. |
| PubMed:Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 belongs to a novel class of epoxide hydrolases. |
| PubMed:2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole is a ligand for mouse urinary protein and rat alpha 2u-globulin: physiological and toxicological relevance. |
| PubMed:Effect of selected monoterpenes on methane oxidation, denitrification, and aerobic metabolism by bacteria in pure culture. |
| PubMed:In vitro uptake of methyl tert-butyl ether in male rat kidney: use of a two-compartment model to describe protein interactions. |
| PubMed:Electroantennogram activity from antennae ofCeratitis capitata (Wied.) to fresh orange airborne volatiles. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of tumor cell growth by monoterpenes in vitro: evidence of a Ras-independent mechanism of action. |
| PubMed:Alpha 2u-globulin is the only member of the lipocalin protein superfamily that binds to hyaline droplet inducing agents. |
| PubMed:Air oxidation of d-limonene (the citrus solvent) creates potent allergens. |
| PubMed:Biochemical basis for mouse resistance to hyaline droplet nephropathy: lack of relevance of the alpha 2u-globulin protein superfamily in this male rat-specific syndrome. |
| PubMed:Animal experiments on the allergenicity of d-limonene--the citrus solvent. |
| PubMed:Design of a gas chromatograph with parallel radioactivity and mass spectrometric detection. Application to the identification of the major metabolite of d-limonene associated with alpha 2u-globulin. |
| PubMed:Characteristics of chemical binding to alpha 2u-globulin in vitro--evaluating structure-activity relationships. |
| PubMed:Lysosomal degradation of alpha 2u-globulin and alpha 2u-globulin-xenobiotic conjugates. |
| PubMed:Metabolism of limonene-1,2-epoxide in the rat. |
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3D/inchi