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Category:solvents/deluents for flavor and/or fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Additional Assay Information: | Racemate |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 1.00100 to 1.00700 @ 25.00 °C.
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| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.329 to 8.379
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| Refractive Index: | 1.43200 to 1.43800 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | 25.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 182.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.243000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. |
| Vapor Density: | 3.1 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 185.00 °F. TCC ( 85.00 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | -0.920 |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: creamy |
| fruity creamy buttery |
| Odor Description:at 0.10 % in dipropylene glycol. fruity creamy buttery |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 25 - Avoid contact with eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-mouse LD50 9000 mg/kg
(Kopf et al., 1950)
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 6075 mg/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 49, Pg. 385, 1979.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | solvents/deluents for flavor and/or fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 3.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 3900 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | 1 |
| |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| | average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 7.00000 | 35.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 7.00000 | 35.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 10.00000 | 50.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 20.00000 | 100.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 5.00000 | 25.00000 |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 11 (FGE.11): Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical group 10 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 11, Revision 1 (FGE.11Rev1) - Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical group 10 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 11, Revision 2 (FGE.11Rev2): Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical groups 8 and 10
View page or View pdf
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 11, Revision 3 (FGE.11Rev3): Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical groups 8 and 10
View page or View pdf
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| EPI System: View |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):513-85-9 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :262 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 1993 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| butane-2,3-diol |
| Chemidplus:0000513859 |
| RTECS:EK0532000 for cas# 513-85-9 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
| | humectants |
| | skin conditioning |
| | solvents |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 2,3- | butandiol | | DL-2,3- | butandiol | | | butane-2,3-diol | | (R,S)- | butane-2,3-diol | | DL- | butane-2,3-diol | | 2,3- | butanediol | | 2,3- | butylene glycol | | 2,3- | butyleneglycol | | 2,3- | dihydroxybutane | | | dimethyl ethylene glycol | | | dimethylene glycol | | | dimethylethylene glycol |
Articles:
| PubMed:Starter culture selection for making Chinese sesame-flavored liquor based on microbial metabolic activity in mixed-culture fermentation. |
| PubMed:Transcriptome profiling of heat-resistant strain Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3962 producing Maotai flavor. |
| PubMed:The compositions of volatiles and aroma-active compounds in dried omija fruits (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) according to the cultivation areas. |
| PubMed:Engineering of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase to reduce acetoin formation by glycerol-overproducing, low-alcohol Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:[Rapid determination of volatile flavor compounds in soy sauce using head space solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Diacetyl formation by lactic bacteria. |
| PubMed:Production of 2-butanol through meso-2,3-butanediol consumption in lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed:Acetoin Synthesis Acquisition Favors Escherichia coli Growth at Low pH. |
| PubMed:Efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for acetoin production with NAD+ regeneration system through homologous co-expression of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase in engineered Bacillus subtilis. |
| PubMed:Viticultural practice and winemaking effects on metabolic profile of Negroamaro. |
| PubMed:Starter culture selection for making Chinese sesame-flavored liquor based on microbial metabolic activity in mixed-culture fermentation. |
| PubMed:Discrimination of varietal wines according to their volatiles. |
| PubMed:2,3-butanediol production from cellobiose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of acetoin production in Candida glabrata by in silico-aided metabolic engineering. |
| PubMed:2,3-Butanediol fermentation promotes growth of Serratia plymuthica at low pH but not survival of extreme acid challenge. |
| PubMed:Volatile fingerprint of Brazilian defective coffee seeds: corroboration of potential marker compounds and identification of new low quality indicators. |
| PubMed:Production of 2,3-butanediol from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:Metabolite transfer with the fermentation product 2,3-butanediol enhances virulence by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| PubMed:2,3-butanediol production from starch by engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae G31-A. |
| PubMed:Production of 2,3-butanediol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:Isolation of acetoin-producing Bacillus strains from Japanese traditional food-natto. |
| PubMed:Recent insights in the removal of Klebseilla pathogenicity factors for the industrial production of 2,3-butanediol. |
| PubMed:Characterization of volatile components in makgeolli, a traditional Korean rice wine, with or without pasteurization, during storage. |
| PubMed:Analysis of irradiated cooked ham by direct introduction into the programmable temperature vaporizer of a multidimensional gas chromatography system. |
| PubMed:Salmonella enterica suppresses Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum population and soft rot progression by acidifying the microaerophilic environment. |
| PubMed:Acetoin production enhanced by manipulating carbon flux in a newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. |
| PubMed:Volatile composition of partially fermented wines elaborated from sun dried Pedro Ximénez grapes. |
| PubMed:Application of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy for the characterization of Protected Designation of Origin Lambrusco wines of Modena. |
| PubMed:A 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9 for mainly producing R,R-2,3-butanediol: purification, characterization and cloning. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous production of isopropanol, butanol, ethanol and 2,3-butanediol by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 engineered strains. |
| PubMed:Removal of pathogenic factors from 2,3-butanediol-producing Klebsiella species by inactivating virulence-related wabG gene. |
| PubMed:Characteristic aroma compounds of cooked and fermented soybean (Chungkook-Jang) inoculated with various Bacilli. |
| PubMed:Cloning, expression and characterization of meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. |
| PubMed:Transcriptome profiling of heat-resistant strain Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3962 producing Maotai flavor. |
| PubMed:Cryptococcus thermophilus sp. nov., isolated from cassava sourdough. |
| PubMed:Interesting starter culture strains for controlled cocoa bean fermentation revealed by simulated cocoa pulp fermentations of cocoa-specific lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed:The compositions of volatiles and aroma-active compounds in dried omija fruits (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) according to the cultivation areas. |
| PubMed:Metabolic influence of Botrytis cinerea infection in champagne base wine. |
| PubMed:Integrated regulation of acetoin fermentation by quorum sensing and pH in Serratia plymuthica RVH1. |
| PubMed:Relationship between changes in the total concentration of acetic acid bacteria and major volatile compounds during the acetic acid fermentation of white wine. |
| PubMed:Use of microfungi in the treatment of oak chips: possible effects on wine. |
| PubMed:Modelling the biphasic growth and product formation by Enterococcus faecium CECT 410 in realkalized fed-batch fermentations in whey. |
| PubMed:Optimization of medium for one-step fermentation of inulin extract from Jerusalem artichoke tubers using Paenibacillus polymyxa ZJ-9 to produce R,R-2,3-butanediol. |
| PubMed:Influence of pre-cure freezing on the profile of volatile compounds during the processing of Iberian hams. |
| PubMed:Enantiomeric analysis of chiral compounds in irradiated foods using multidimensional gas chromatography. |
| PubMed:Metabolomics reveals alterations in both primary and secondary metabolites by wine bacteria. |
| PubMed:Biotechnological production of 2,3-butanediol--current state and prospects. |
| PubMed:[Rapid determination of volatile flavor compounds in soy sauce using head space solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic characterization of wines by grape varieties and production areas. |
| PubMed:Determination of 2,3-butanediol and 2-hydroxybutanone stereoisomers in batteries of traditional balsamic vinegar. |
| PubMed:Citrate metabolism by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans isolated from goat's and ewe's milk: influence of glucose and lactose. |
| PubMed:Alcoholic fermentation and its prevention by Lactobacillus buchneri in whole crop rice silage. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a luxI/luxR-type quorum sensing system and N-acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent regulation of exo-enzyme and antibacterial component production in Serratia plymuthica RVH1. |
| PubMed:Isolation and functional analysis of luxS in Serratia plymuthica RVH1. |
| PubMed:Analysis of the volatile components of cheddar cheese by direct thermal desorption-GC x GC-TOF/MS. |
| PubMed:1H NMR, a rapid method to monitor organic acids during cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum Spreng) processing. |
| PubMed:Recycling of distillery effluents in alcoholic fermentation: role in inhibition of 10 organic molecules. |
| PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues by GC-MS using analyte protectants to counteract the matrix effect. |
| PubMed:Characterization of aerobic and anaerobic vegetative growth of the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus F4430/73 strain. |
| PubMed:Influence of sequential yeast mixtures on wine fermentation. |
| PubMed:Gas chromatographic quantification of major volatile compounds and polyols in wine by direct injection. |
| PubMed:The 'buttery' attribute of wine--diacetyl--desirability, spoilage and beyond. |
| PubMed:Engineering Lactococcus lactis for production of mannitol: high yields from food-grade strains deficient in lactate dehydrogenase and the mannitol transport system. |
| PubMed:Gluconic acid consumption in wines by Schizosaccharomyces pombe and its effect on the concentrations of major volatile compounds and polyols. |
| PubMed:Changes in gluconic acid, polyols and major volatile compounds in sherry wine during aging with submerged flor yeast cultures. |
| PubMed:The species-specific ratios of 2,3-butanediol and acetoin isomers as a tool to evaluate wine yeast performance. |
| PubMed:Volatile components and aroma active compounds in aqueous essence and fresh pink guava fruit puree (Psidium guajava L.) by GC-MS and multidimensional GC/GC-O. |
| PubMed:Staphylococcus succinus subsp. casei subsp. nov., a dominant isolate from a surface ripened cheese. |
| PubMed:Varietal differentiation of red wines in the Valencian region (Spain). |
| PubMed:Volatile components in aqueous essence and fresh fruit of Cucumis melo cv. Athena (muskmelon) by GC-MS and GC-O. |
| PubMed:Aromatic profile of aqueous banana essence and banana fruit by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). |
| PubMed:Diacetyl formation by lactic bacteria. |
| PubMed:Effects of feeding premature infants with Lactobacillus GG on gut fermentation. |
| PubMed:Volatile compounds associated with microbial growth on normal and high pH beef stored at chill temperatures. |
| PubMed:Development of a Mutant Strain of Bacillus polymyxa Showing Enhanced Production of 2,3-Butanediol. |
| PubMed:Gas chromatographic detection of D-(-)-2,3-butanediol and butyric acid produced by sporeformers in cream-style corn and canned beef noodle soup: collaborative study. |
| PubMed:Fuels and industrial chemicals through biotechnology. 2. |
| PubMed:Growth and end-product formation in fermenter cultures of Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T and two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. in different gaseous atmospheres. |
| PubMed:Growth and end product formation of two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T at different pH values and temperatures. |
| PubMed:End Products of Glucose Fermentation by Brochothrix thermosphacta. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic determination of butane-2,3-diol in wines. |
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2,3-Butanediol is one of the constitutional isomers of butanediol. The 2R,3R stereoisomer of 2,3-butanediol is produced by a variety of microorganisms, in a process known as butanediol fermentation. It is found in cocoa butter and in the roots of Ruta graveolens. (Wikipedia)
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3D/inchi