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homovanillic acid
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetate

Supplier Sponsors

Name:2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
CAS Number: 306-08-1Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:206-176-7
FDA UNII: X77S6GMS36
Nikkaji Web:J61.262F
Beilstein Number:2213447
MDL:MFCD00004350
XlogP3:0.40 (est)
Molecular Weight:182.17550000
Formula:C9 H10 O4
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:natural substances and extractives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:white to cream solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 143.00 to 144.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 368.00 to 369.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:0.000004 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 305.00 °F. TCC ( 151.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.330
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 6.973e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Homovanillicÿacidÿ 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenylacetic acid >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Homovanillic acid, which can be found in the barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb, is a neuroendocrine tumor marker. It is also used as a reagent to detect oxidative enzymes, and is associated with dopamine levels in the brain. Anti-tumor
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
homoVanillic Acid (HPLC) ≥95%
Kingchem Laboratories
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid
Penta International
HOMOVANILLIC ACID
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
homoVanillic Acid ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
homoVanillic Acid
sds
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for homovanillic acid usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for homovanillic acid flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):306-08-1
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :1738
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
Chemidplus:0000306081
 
References:
 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:306-08-1
Pubchem (cid):1738
Pubchem (sid):134974118
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
Metabolomics Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C05582
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB00118
FooDB:FDB001783
Export Tariff Code:2918.90.4500
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 avocado
Search Trop Picture
 olive fruit
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetate
4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl acetic acid
(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate
2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetate
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
 vanillacetic acid
 

Articles:

PubMed:Electronic Olfactory Sensor Based on A. mellifera Odorant-Binding Protein 14 on a Reduced Graphene Oxide Field-Effect Transistor.
PubMed:Subcritical water extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from XiLan olive fruit dreg.
PubMed:Changes in free amino acid and monoamine concentrations in the chick brain associated with feeding behavior.
PubMed:Initial study on the possible mechanisms involved in the effects of high doses of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on prolactin secretion.
PubMed:Acrylamide increases dopamine levels by affecting dopamine transport and metabolism related genes in the striatal dopaminergic system.
PubMed:Effects of (-)-sesamin on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and dopaminergic neuronal cells of Parkinson's disease rat models.
PubMed:Composition of nonanthocyanin polyphenols in alcoholic-fermented strawberry products using LC-MS (QTRAP), high-resolution MS (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS), LC-DAD, and antioxidant activity.
PubMed:Dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent impaired social behaviour and normalize brain dopamine levels in food allergic mice.
PubMed:Fast determination of virgin olive oil phenolic metabolites in human high-density lipoproteins.
PubMed:Dopamine and glucose, obesity, and reward deficiency syndrome.
PubMed:A randomized crossover, pilot study examining the effects of a normal protein vs. high protein breakfast on food cravings and reward signals in overweight/obese "breakfast skipping", late-adolescent girls.
PubMed:High levels of Bifidobacteria are associated with increased levels of anthocyanin microbial metabolites: a randomized clinical trial.
PubMed:Effects of ultrafine diesel exhaust particles on oxidative stress generation and dopamine metabolism in PC-12 cells.
PubMed:Autistic-like behavioural and neurochemical changes in a mouse model of food allergy.
PubMed:Peripheral chemerin administration modulates hypothalamic control of feeding.
PubMed:Application of dried spot cards as a rapid sample treatment method for determining hydroxytyrosol metabolites in human urine samples. Comparison with microelution solid-phase extraction.
PubMed:Dietary manipulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic function in C57BL/6J mice with amino acid depletion mixtures.
PubMed:Delay discounting task in pigs reveals response strategies related to dopamine metabolite.
PubMed:The effects of sapropterin on urinary monoamine metabolites in phenylketonuria.
PubMed:Epigenetic targeting of histone deacetylase: therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease?
PubMed:Elevated CSF serotonin and dopamine metabolite levels in overweight subjects.
PubMed:Effect of traumatic imagery on cerebrospinal fluid dopamine and serotonin metabolites in posttraumatic stress disorder.
PubMed:Effect of the edible mushroom Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii on transient global ischemia-induced monoamine metabolism changes in rat cerebral cortex.
PubMed:High tryptophan diet reduces extracellular dopamine release via kynurenic acid production in rat striatum.
PubMed:Effects of the genotoxic agent 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine with or without pre-pubertal gonadectomy on brain monoamines and their metabolites in female rats.
PubMed:The alterations in neurotransmitters and their metabolites in discrete brain regions in the rats after inhalation of disinfectant, glutaraldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde for 4 weeks.
PubMed:Chronic exposure to manganese decreases striatal dopamine turnover in human alpha-synuclein transgenic mice.
PubMed:Effects of 18-methoxycoronaridine on ghrelin-induced increases in sucrose intake and accumbal dopamine overflow in female rats.
PubMed:β-cyclodextrin and caffeine complexes with natural polyphenols from olive and olive oils: NMR, thermodynamic, and molecular modeling studies.
PubMed:Behavioral characterization of adult male and female rhesus monkeys exposed to cocaine throughout gestation.
PubMed:Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory protection from carnosine in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice.
PubMed:Restricting dopaminergic signaling to either dorsolateral or medial striatum facilitates cognition.
PubMed:Elevated circulating LDL phenol levels in men who consumed virgin rather than refined olive oil are associated with less oxidation of plasma LDL.
PubMed:Bioavailability of various polyphenols from a diet containing moderate amounts of berries.
PubMed:Involvement of ERK, Akt and JNK signalling in H2O2-induced cell injury and protection by hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol.
PubMed:Opioids in the hypothalamus control dopamine and acetylcholine levels in the nucleus accumbens.
PubMed:Improved method for identifying and quantifying olive oil phenolic compounds and their metabolites in human plasma by microelution solid-phase extraction plate and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Expression changes of dopaminergic system-related genes in PC12 cells induced by manganese, silver, or copper nanoparticles.
PubMed:Acrylamide decreased dopamine levels and increased 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in PC 12 cells.
PubMed:Conversion of dehydrodiferulic acids by human intestinal microbiota.
PubMed:Metabolism of berry anthocyanins to phenolic acids in humans.
PubMed:Phenolic acids in black raspberry and in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs following ingestion of black raspberry.
PubMed:Dopamine and serotonin release in the nucleus accumbens during starvation-induced hyperactivity.
PubMed:The effects of in utero exposure to a migrant, 4,4'-butylidenebis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol), from nitrile-butadiene rubber gloves on monoamine neurotransmitter in rats.
PubMed:Asymmetry in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and motor preference in rats.
PubMed:Convenient synthesis of hydroxytyrosol and its lipophilic derivatives from tyrosol or homovanillyl alcohol.
PubMed:Maternal para-chlorophenylalanine exposure modifies central monoamines and behaviors in the adult offspring.
PubMed:Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol on H(2)O(2) induced lipid peroxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells.
PubMed:The vermicelli handling test: a simple quantitative measure of dexterous forepaw function in rats.
PubMed:Metabonomics of acute kidney injury in children after cardiac surgery.
PubMed:Presence of virgin olive oil phenolic metabolites in human low density lipoprotein fraction: determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Effects of feeding grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on brain regional neurochemistry of laying hens, turkey poults, and broiler breeder hens.
PubMed:A functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene promoter (MAOA-LPR) predicts central dopamine function and body mass index.
PubMed:Subacute administration of tributyltin chloride modulates neurotransmitters and their metabolites in discrete brain regions of maternal mice and their F1 offspring.
PubMed:Further validation of the corridor task for assessing deficit and recovery in the hemi-Parkinsonian rat: restoration of bilateral food retrieval by dopamine receptor agonism.
PubMed:The neurochemical profile of long term oral administration of moclobemide.
PubMed:Effects of physiological and pharmacological stimuli on dopamine release in the rat globus pallidus.
PubMed:Behavioural and neurochemical effects induced by chronic mild stress applied to two different rat strains.
PubMed:Antioxidant and anti-atherogenic activities of olive oil phenolics.
PubMed:Transepithelial transport of microbial metabolites of quercetin in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers.
PubMed:Left-handedness is correlated with CSF monoamine metabolite and plasma cortisol concentrations, and with impaired sociality, in free-ranging adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
PubMed:Selective alterations of gene expression in mice induced by MPTP.
PubMed:Metabolism of gallic acid and catechin by Lactobacillus hilgardii from wine.
PubMed:Peripherally administered growth hormone increases brain dopaminergic activity and swimming in rainbow trout.
PubMed:Capsaicin, a spicy component of hot pepper, induces apoptosis by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.
PubMed:Biobehavioural correlates of hand preference in free-ranging female primates.
PubMed:Effects of feeding blends of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on brain regional neurochemistry of starter pigs and broiler chickens.
PubMed:An animal model of antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
PubMed:Effect of U and 137Cs chronic contamination on dopamine and serotonin metabolism in the central nervous system of the rat.
PubMed:Calcium ions: its role in cyanide neurotoxicity.
PubMed:Antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds, alpha-tocopherol, and other minor components in virgin olive oil.
PubMed:Central nervous system actions of growth hormone on brain monoamine levels and behavior of juvenile rainbow trout.
PubMed:Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of biogenic amines and corticotropin-releasing factor in adolescent non-human primates as a function of the timing of adverse early rearing.
PubMed:Structural characterization of the metabolites of hydroxytyrosol, the principal phenolic component in olive oil, in rats.
PubMed:Evaluation of plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and plasma 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as tumor markers in children with neuroblastoma.
PubMed:Development of obesity and neurochemical backing in aurothioglucose-treated mice.
PubMed:Effect of chronic protein restriction on motor co-ordination and brain neurotransmitters in albino rats.
PubMed:Food restriction-like effects of dietary dehydroepiandrosterone. Hypothalamic neurotransmitters and metabolites in male C57BL/6 and (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mice.
PubMed:Neurofunctional effects of developmental alcohol exposure in alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats.
PubMed:New aspects of heparin effects.
PubMed:Effects of long-term infusion of anorexic concentrations of islet amyloid polypeptide on neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in rat brain.
PubMed:Effects of age and dietary restriction on animal model SAMP8 mice with learning and memory impairments.
PubMed:Effects of chronic administration of sibutramine on body weight, food intake and motor activity in neonatally monosodium glutamate-treated obese female rats: relationship of antiobesity effect with monoamines.
PubMed:Prevention of dopaminergic neurotoxicity by targeting nitric oxide and peroxynitrite: implications for the prevention of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxic damage.
PubMed:Dopamine-acetylcholine interaction in the rat lateral hypothalamus in the control of locomotion.
PubMed:Diverse, region-specific effects of addition of arachidonic and docosahexanoic acids to formula with low or adequate linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids on piglet brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters.
PubMed:Increase in dopamine metabolites in murine striatum after oral exposure to inorganic but not organic form of selenium.
PubMed:Influence of food restriction on dopamine receptor densities, catecholamine concentrations and dopamine turnover in chicken brain.
PubMed:Essential amino acids affect interstitial dopamine metabolites in the anterior piriform cortex of rats.
PubMed:Methamphetamine generates peroxynitrite and produces dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice: protective effects of peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst.
PubMed:Fluorometric method for the enzymatic determination of cholesterol.
PubMed:Effect of Cassava on motor co-ordination and neurotransmitter level in the albino rat.
PubMed:Functional relationship between age-related immunodeficiency and learning deterioration.
PubMed:Subchronic toxicity of PCB 105 (2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl) in rats.
PubMed:Determination of serotonin, catecholamines and their metabolites by direct injection of supernatants from chicken brain tissue homogenate using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
PubMed:Voluntary alcohol drinking selectively accelerates dopamine release in the ventral striatum as reflected by 3-methoxytyramine levels.
PubMed:Increased urinary HVA levels in neuroblastoma screens related to diet, not tumor.
PubMed:Bromocriptine enhances feeding behavior without changing dopamine metabolism.
PubMed:Feeding-related dopamine in the amygdala of freely moving rats.
PubMed:Intranigral or intrastriatal injections of GDNF: effects on monoamine levels and behavior in rats.
PubMed:Alterations in electroencephalographic signals and monoamine concentrations in the rat brain following cocaine and methamphetamine treatment.
PubMed:Influence of the amount of food ingested on mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity: a microdialysis study.
PubMed:Effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and [D-Trp32]NPY on monoamine and metabolite levels in dialysates from rat hypothalamus during feeding behavior.
PubMed:Lesioning of midbrain raphe nuclei with 5,7-DHT fails to alter ethanol intake in the low alcohol drinking (LAD) rat.
PubMed:Mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity as a function of food reward: a microdialysis study.
PubMed:Behavioral and neurochemical changes in folate-deficient mice.
PubMed:Selective destruction of midbrain raphe nuclei by 5,7-DHT: is brain 5-HT involved in alcohol drinking in Sprague-Dawley rats?
PubMed:Determination of the role of the 5-ht6 receptor in the rat brain: a study using antisense oligonucleotides.
PubMed:Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on haloperidol-induced increases in prolactin release and dopamine turnover in weanling, periadolescent, and adult offspring.
PubMed:Simultaneous changes in striatal dopamine, serotonin, and metabolites after withdrawal seizures in rats from dependence on alcohol.
PubMed:Complex deficits on reaction time performance following bilateral intrastriatal 6-OHDA infusion in the rat.
PubMed:Deprenyl reinitiates estrous cycles, reduces serum prolactin, and decreases the incidence of mammary and pituitary tumors in old acyclic rats.
PubMed:D2 receptors in the ventrolateral striatum are involved in feeding behavior in rats.
PubMed:Metoprine, an inhibitor of histamine N-methyltransferase but not catechol-O-methyltransferase, suppresses feeding in sated and in food deprived rats.
PubMed:Neurochemical effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY2-36.
PubMed:Improving effects of DX-9386, a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, on thymectomy-induced impairment of learning behaviors in mice.
PubMed:Nucleus accumbens dopamine release increases during instrumental lever pressing for food but not free food consumption.
PubMed:An appetitively conditioned taste elicits a preferential increase in mesolimbic dopamine release.
PubMed:Influence of glutamate on the content and metabolism of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system of rats distinguished by capacity for learning.
PubMed:Individual differences in schedule-induced and conditioned behaviors.
PubMed:An unexpected role of the cerebellum: involvement in nutritional organization.
PubMed:Changes in extracellular PVN monoamines and macronutrient intake after idazoxan or fluoxetine injection.
PubMed:The effect of low-level deoxynivalenol on neurotransmitter levels measured in pig cerebral spinal fluid.
PubMed:Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the rat elicited by a conditional stimulus for food: an electrochemical study.
PubMed:Copulation increases dopamine activity in the medial preoptic area of male rats.
PubMed:Scheduled feeding caused activation of dopamine metabolism in the striatum of rats.
PubMed:Involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in the motor activity induced by periodic food presentation: a microdialysis and behavioral study.
PubMed:Striatal dopamine metabolism is differentially affected by insulin according to the genotype in Zucker rats: a microdialysis study.
PubMed:Isolated failure of noradrenergic transmission in a case with orthostatic hypotension and hyperactivity of gastro-colic reflex.
PubMed:Low serotonin and dopamine metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from bulimic patients with frequent binge episodes.
PubMed:Neurochemical changes correlated with behavior maintained under fixed-interval and fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement.
PubMed:Regional effects of ceruletide, a cholecystokinin-8 analog, on the striatal monoaminergic systems in food-deprived mice.
PubMed:Feeding can enhance dopamine turnover in the prefrontal cortex.
PubMed:Lever pressing for food reward and changes in dopamine turnover and uric acid in rat caudate and nucleus accumbens studied chronically by in vivo voltammetry.
PubMed:Behavioral and biochemical changes monitored in two inbred strains of mice during exploration of an unfamiliar environment.
PubMed:Hypothalamic monoamines and their metabolites in the deermouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, during daily torpor.
PubMed:Excitotoxic lesions of the lateral hypothalamus made by N-methyl-d-aspartate in the rat: behavioural, histological and biochemical analyses.
PubMed:Feeding-associated alterations in striatal neurotransmitter release.
PubMed:A.E. Bennett award paper. Experimental approaches to human stress research: assessment of neurobiological mechanisms of stress in volunteers and psychiatric patients.
PubMed:Acute and chronic effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on schedule-controlled responding and neurochemistry of pigeons.
PubMed:Analysis of serotonin, dopamine and their metabolites in the caudate putamen, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the median raphe nucleus of euthermic and torpid deermice, Peromyscus maniculatus.
PubMed:Action of peripherally administered cholecystokinin on monoaminergic and GABAergic neurons in the rat brain.
PubMed:Influence of inherent directional biases on neurochemical consequences of conditioned circling.
PubMed:Behavioral activation in rats increases striatal dopamine metabolism measured by dialysis perfusion.
PubMed:Dopamine and preparatory behavior: II. A neurochemical analysis.
PubMed:Microdialysis studies of psychostimulants.
PubMed:Lever pressing for food reward and in vivo voltammetry: evidence for increases in extracellular homovanillic acid, the dopamine metabolite, and uric acid in the rat caudate nucleus.
PubMed:Thyroid hormone-induced reduction of urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5 HIAA) in obese children. Comparison with hypothyroid patients of similar age having either pituitary dwarfism or congenital myxedema.
PubMed:Effects of heterocyclic amines in food on dopamine metabolism in nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibopamine on different diseases and conditions.
PubMed:Behavioral studies with anxiolytic drugs. V. Behavioral and in vivo neurochemical analyses in pigeons of drugs that increase punished responding.
PubMed:Scheduled eating increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of food-deprived rats as assessed with on-line brain dialysis.
PubMed:Effects of endophyte-infected fescue on concentrations of prolactin in blood sera and the anterior pituitary and concentrations of dopamine and dopamine metabolites in brains of steers.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of the major acidic metabolites of catecholamines and serotonin in urine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection after a one-step sample clean-up on Sephadex G-10; influence of vanilla and banana ingestion.
PubMed:Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis.
PubMed:Feeding and hypothalamic stimulation increase dopamine turnover in the accumbens.
PubMed:Monoamine metabolism and its responses to food deprivation in the brain of Zucker rats.
PubMed:The role of dopamine in intracranial self-stimulation of the ventral tegmental area.
PubMed:Amphetamine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine affect the exercise-induced imbalance between the availability of tryptophan and synthesis of serotonin in the brain of the rat.
PubMed:Neurotransmitter alterations associated with feeding and satiety.
PubMed:Control of exogenous factors affecting plasma homovanillic acid concentration.
PubMed:Sham feeding of sucrose increases the ratio of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to dopamine in the hypothalamus.
PubMed:Effects of perinatal vitamin B6 deficiency on dopaminergic neurochemistry.
PubMed:Increased dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and striatum following consumption of a nutritive meal but not a palatable non-nutritive saccharin solution.
PubMed:Effects of fenfluramine on food intake, body weight, gastric emptying and brain monoamines in Syrian hamsters.
PubMed:Selective involvement of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens in the feeding response elicited by muscimol injection in the nucleus raphe dorsalis of sated rats.
PubMed:Conditionability of caudate dopamine activity in the caudate nucleus of cats demonstrated by in vivo electrochemistry.
PubMed:[Circadian rhythm of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the urine].
PubMed:Adaptation of rats to diets containing different levels of protein: effects on food intake, plasma and brain amino acid concentrations and brain neurotransmitter metabolism.
PubMed:Oral dosing of rats with polychlorinated biphenyls increases urinary homovanillic acid production.
PubMed:A comparative study of the effects of prostaglandins and d-amphetamine on the metabolism of 3H-dopamine continuously presented to rat brain in vivo.
PubMed:Food dyes produce minimal effects on locomotor activity and vitamin B-6 levels in postweanling rats.
PubMed:Intracerebroventricular apomorphine alleviates spontaneous forgetting and increases cortical noradrenaline.
PubMed:Increased dopamine and serotonin metabolites in CSF during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia in freely moving rats.
PubMed:The effects of diet and physical activity on plasma homovanillic acid in normal human subjects.
PubMed:Effect of L-tryptophan pretreatment on d-amphetamine self administration.
PubMed:[The influence of different diets and smoking on the clinical chemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and carcinoid syndrome (author's transl)].
PubMed:Metabolism of 3H-dopamine continuously perfused through push-pull cannulas in rats' brains: modification by amphetamine or prostaglandin F2 alpha.
PubMed:Monoamines and monoamine metabolites in brains from demented schizophrenics.
PubMed:Specificity of serotoninergic involvement in the decrease of food intake induced by quipazine in the rat.
PubMed:Changes in serotonin metabolism during migraine attacks.
PubMed:Effect of amphetamine and amphetamine-like drugs on homovanillic acid concentration in the brain.
 
Notes:
Homovanillic acid is a major catecholamine metabolite.
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