EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

triethyl citrate
citric acid triethyl ester

Supplier Sponsors

Fragrance Demo Formulas
Flavor Demo Formulas
Name:triethyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
CAS Number: 77-93-0Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:201-070-7
FDA UNII: 8Z96QXD6UM
Nikkaji Web:J4.215C
Beilstein Number:1801199
MDL:MFCD00009201
CoE Number:11762
XlogP3-AA:0.10 (est)
Molecular Weight:276.28580000
Formula:C12 H20 O7
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
EFSA/JECFA Comments:
ADI: 0-20 (JECFA, 1984a).
Category: carrier solvents/deluents for flavors and/or fragrances
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
184.1911 Triethyl citrate View - review
EU SANCO Triethyl citrate View - review
JECFA Food Flavoring:629 triethyl citrate
JECFA Food Additive: Triethyl Citrate
GSFA Codex: Triethyl citrate (1505)
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:09.512 triethyl citrate
DG SANTE Food Additives:triethyl citrate
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials:triethyl citrate
FEMA Number:3083 triethyl citrate
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):77-93-0 ; TRIETHYL CITRATE
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 175 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADHESIVES AND COMPONENTS OF COATINGS
Subpart C--Substances for Use as Components of Coatings
Sec. 175.300 Resinous and polymeric coatings.


FDA PART 175 -- INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: ADHESIVES AND COMPONENTS OF COATINGS
Subpart C--Substances for Use as Components of Coatings
Sec. 175.320 Resinous and polymeric coatings for polyolefin films.


FDA PART 181 -- PRIOR-SANCTIONED FOOD INGREDIENTS
Subpart B--Specific Prior-Sanctioned Food Ingredients
Sec. 181.27 Plasticizers.
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:colorless clear oily liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity:1.13500 to 1.13900 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.444 to 9.478
Refractive Index:1.43200 to 1.44400 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -46.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 127.00 °C. @ 1.00 mm Hg
Acid Value: 0.50 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure:0.000175 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density:9.7 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 245.00 °F. TCC ( 118.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 1.267 (est)
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage:store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in:
 water, 6.5 gm/100 ml water
 cellulose acetate
 cellulose acetate butyrate
 cellulose nitrate
 chlorinated rubber
 ethyl cellulose
 polyvinyl acetate
 polyvinyl butyral
 polyvinyl chloride
 polyvinyl chloride acetate
 polyvinyl vinylidene chloride
 water, 6.50E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in:
 water
Stability:
 will not support fungous grouth in resins
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Strength:none
Substantivity:216 Hour(s)
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. odorless to mild fruity wine
Luebke, William tgsc, (1981)
Odor sample from: Berje Inc.
Taste Description: fruty medicinal floral bitter
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: antioxidants
deodorants
fragrance
plasticisers
solvents
 
Suppliers:
ACS International
Triethyl Citrate
Operational Capabilities
Advanced Biotech
TRIETHYL CITRATE NATURAL
99% min.
Odor: Faintly, Wine, Plum
Advanced Biotech
TRIETHYL CITRATE SYNTHETIC
99% min.
Odor: Odorless
Allan Chemical
Triethyl Citrate
Anhui Haibei
Triethyl Citrate natural
Apple Flavor & Fragrance
Triethyl Cirtrate
Aurochemicals
TRIETHYL CITRATE, Natural
Berjé
Triethyl Citrate Natural
Media
Berjé
Triethyl Citrate
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Triethyl Citrate >98.0%(GC)
Charkit Chemical
TRIETHYL CITRATE NATURAL
Charkit Chemical
TRIETHYL CITRATE
Connect Chemicals
Triethylcitrate (TEC)
Odor: characteristic
Use: Triethylcitrate is an ester of Citric Acid. Connect Chemicals is offering different grades of this product suitable for industrial as well as food and pharma applications. Triethylcitrate is used as plasticizer in e.g. adhesives, inks, sealants, plastics and coatings. Here it does primarily reduce hardness of polymers and can be further used to regulate viscosity. In the personal care industry it is used as solvent or diluent as well as a fixative for perfumes. As an active ingredient it can be also used in deodorants. For use in cosmetics, Connect Chemicals does offer a grade based on natural raw materials only. This grade can be also used as flavor or flavor carrier in the food industry. An ECOCERT/COSMOS certificate is available.
Covalent Chemical
Triethyl Citrate
ECSA Chemicals
DERMOFEEL TEC ECO
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
ECSA Chemicals
TRIETHYL CITRATE 1% BHT
ECSA Chemicals
TRIETHYL CITRATE NATURAL
ECSA Chemicals
TRIETHYL CITRATE
Ernesto Ventós
TRIETHYL CITRATE NATURAL
Ernesto Ventós
TRIETHYL CITRATE
Glentham Life Sciences
Triethyl citrate
Global Essence
Triethyl Citrate
Indukern F&F
TRIETHYL CITRATE
Jungbunzlauer Suisse
CITROFOL® AI - Triethyl Citrate
Odor: bland
Use: CITROFOL® AI is produced by esterification of citric acid with ethanol. Natural triethyl citrate occurs in small amounts in wine. It is not irritant to skin and shows no sensitising effects on human beings. Therefore it is widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food applications. Due to its low migration potential, solvent power and compatibility in industrial uses it is favoured as plasticiser in materials with food contact.
K.L. Koh Enterprise
TRIETHYL CITRATE
Lluch Essence
TRIETHYL CITRATE 99%
Lluch Essence
TRIETHYL CITRATE NATURAL 99%
M&U International
NAT.TRIETHYL CITRATE, Kosher
M&U International
Triethyl Citrate
Moellhausen
TRIETHYL CITRATE
OQEMA
Triethyl Citrate (Citroflex)
Pell Wall Perfumes
TEC
Odor: Practically odourless
Use: Arctander considered that it had other values as well however: “Very mild, but sweet and pleasant, winey – fruity, Plum-1ike odor … The title ester was developed for purposes other than perfumery and flavor work, but it has become quite popular as a blender, solvent or diluent in perfumes and – particularly – in flavor compositions. The effect in a perfume composition is somewhat more than that of a diluent, since the ester, when blended with more volatile materials, does contribute a soft, mellow, warm-fruity undertone and often also a winey-sweet topnote to a fragrance. It is particularly interesting in Rose bases”
Penta International
TRIETHYL CITRATE BP PHARMACEUTICAL GRADE
Penta International
TRIETHYL CITRATE FCC GRADE
Penta International
TRIETHYL CITRATE NATURAL
Penta International
TRIETHYL CITRATE NF GRADE
Penta International
TRIETHYL CITRATE REGULAR GRADE
Penta International
TRIETHYL CTIRATE BP/EP PHARMACEUTICAL GRADE
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Triethyl Citrate
Reincke & Fichtner
Triethyl Citrate
Sigma-Aldrich
Triethyl citrate, ≥99%, FCC, FG
Odor: wine-like; plum; sweet
Certified Food Grade Products
Sigma-Aldrich
Triethyl citrate, natural, ≥99%, FG
Stearinerie Dubois
DUB CTE
Sunaux International
nat.Triethyl Citrate
Synerzine
Triethyl Citrate
Taytonn ASCC
Triethyl Citrate
Odor: Fruity, Sweet, Wine
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
Triethyl Citrate >99.0%(GC)
The Good Scents Company
triethyl citrate
Odor: odorless to mild fruity wine
The John D. Walsh Company
Triethyl Citrate (Citroflex)
The Lermond Company
TRIETHYL CITRATE, NATURAL
The Perfumers Apprentice
Triethyl Citrate
Vigon International
Triethyl Citrate Natural
Vigon International
Triethyl Citrate
Odor: ESSENTIALLY ODORLESS
Vistachem
Triethyl Citrate
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Acute toxicity, Inhalation (Category 4), H332
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogramexclamation-mark.jpg
 
Signal word Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H332 - Harmful if inhaled
Precautionary statement(s)
P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271 - Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P304 + P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P312 - Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
Human Experience:
20 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 5900 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 16, Pg. 214, 1985.

gavage-rat LD50 7000 mg/kg
Actual LD50 not reported.Value reported as approximate LD50.
(Finkelstein & Gold, 1959)

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 4000 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 16, Pg. 214, 1985.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1750 mg/kg
VASCULAR: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 53, Pg. 774, 1964.

oral-guinea pig LD50 > 25 ml/kg
German Offenlegungsschrift Patent Document. Vol. #2703360

oral-cat LD50 3500 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 389, 1979.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 389, 1979.

subcutaneous-rat LD50 6600 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 16, Pg. 214, 1985.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 1300 ppm/6H
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: PLEURAL EFFUSION
"Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 2nd ed., Patty, F.A., ed., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1958-63Vol. 2, Pg. 1892, 1963.

 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
carrier solvents/deluents for flavors and/or fragrances
Recommendation for triethyl citrate usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 2900.00 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -230.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -12.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -47.00000
fruit ices: -47.00000
gelatins / puddings: -10.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -180.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):77-93-0
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6506
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
triethyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Chemidplus:0000077930
RTECS:77-93-0
 
References:
 triethyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:77-93-0
Pubchem (cid):6506
Pubchem (sid):134972806
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):D06228
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB34263
FooDB:FDB012587
Export Tariff Code:2918.15.5000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
FAO:Triethyl citrate
Formulations/Preparations:
grades: technical; refinded; fcc
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
 fixer
 solvents
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 cabbage
Search Trop Picture
 wine white wine
Search Picture
 
Synonyms:
 citric acid triethyl ester
 citroflex 2
 diethyl 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioate
 ethyl citrate
 eudraflex
 hydragen cat
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid triethyl ester
 triethyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylate
 triethyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane- tricarboxylate
 triethyl 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
 triethyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
1,2,3-triethyl 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
 triethyl cirtrate
nat.triethyl citrate
 triethyl citrate BP pharmaceutical grade
 triethyl citrate FCC grade
 triethyl citrate N.F. grade
 triethyl citrate natural
 triethyl citrate regular grade
 triethyl citrate synthetic
 triethyl citrate, natural
 triethyl ctirate BP/EP pharmaceutical grade
 uniplex 80
 

Articles:

Info:EVALUATION OF CERTAIN FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS
PubMed:Near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of the breaking force of extended-release matrix tablets prepared by roller-compaction: influence of plasticizer levels and sintering temperature.
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PubMed:Effect of type and ratio of solubilising polymer on characteristics of hot-melt extruded orodispersible films.
PubMed:[Development and in vitro evaluation of estradiol transdermal film-forming spray].
PubMed:Plasticizer effects on physical-mechanical properties of solvent cast Soluplus® films.
PubMed:Salicylic acid peel incorporating triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate in the treatment of moderate acne: a new therapeutic approach.
PubMed:Analysis of curing of a sustained release coating formulation by application of NIR spectroscopy to monitor changes physical-mechanical properties.
PubMed:The effect of plasticizers on the erosion and mechanical properties of polymeric films.
PubMed:Preparation and evaluation of sustained-release doxazosin mesylate pellets.
PubMed:[Preliminary study on chemical constituents seperated from Cayratia japonica].
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PubMed:Comparison of physicomechanical properties of films prepared from organic solutions and aqueous dispersion of Eudragit RL.
PubMed:Evaluation of certain food additives. Seventy-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
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PubMed:Properties of theophylline tablets dry powder coated with Eudragit E PO and Eudragit L 100-55.
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PubMed:Properties of theophylline tablets dry powder coated with Eudragit((R)) E PO and Eudragit((R)) L 100-55.
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PubMed:Effect of plasticizer on release kinetics of diclofenac sodium pellets coated with Eudragit RS 30 D.
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PubMed:Influence of fumed silicon dioxide on the stabilization of Eudragit RS/RL 30 D film-coated theophylline pellets.
PubMed:Investigation of the drug release and surface morphological properties of film-coated pellets, and physical, thermal and mechanical properties of free films as a function of various curing conditions.
PubMed:Preparation and evaluation of diltiazem hydrochloride diffusion-controlled transdermal delivery system.
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PubMed:Myotoxicity studies of O/W-in situ forming microparticle systems.
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PubMed:Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of a lotion containing triethyl citrate and ethyl linoleate in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
PubMed:Controlled release multiparticulate beads coated with starch acetate: material characterization, and identification of critical formulation and process variables.
PubMed:Influence of processing parameters and formulation factors on the drug release from tablets powder-coated with Eudragit L 100-55.
PubMed:[Measurement of adhesive properties of polymers in vitro].
PubMed:Stability of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) and leuprolide acetate in in-situ forming drug delivery systems.
PubMed:Influence of plasticizer level on the drug release from sustained release film coated and hot-melt extruded dosage forms.
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PubMed:Development and validation of a gradient HPLC method for the determination of clindamycin and related compounds in a novel tablet formulation.
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PubMed:Enhanced efficacy of triprolidine by transdermal application of the EVA matrix system in rabbits and rats.
PubMed:Asymmetric membrane capsules for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs by osmotic effects.
PubMed:Quantification of the leaching of triethyl citrate/polysorbate 80 mixtures from Eudragit RS films by differential scanning calorimetry.
PubMed:Compressibility of floating pellets with verapamil hydrochloride coated with dispersion Kollicoat SR 30 D.
PubMed:Antihistamine effects of triprolidine from the transdermal administration of the TPX matrix in rats.
PubMed:XEDS-mapping for explaining release patterns from single pellets.
PubMed:The effect of solvent interactions on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin/flavor molecular inclusion complexes.
PubMed:Study of triethyl citrate migration from coating polymers to tablet cores.
PubMed:Properties of hot-melt extruded tablet formulations for the colonic delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid.
PubMed:Physical characterization of coupled poly(lactic acid)/starch/maleic anhydride blends plasticized by acetyl triethyl citrate.
PubMed:"Green" nanocomposites from cellulose acetate bioplastic and clay: effect of eco-friendly triethyl citrate plasticizer.
PubMed:Polymer blends used for the aqueous coating of solid dosage forms: importance of the type of plasticizer.
PubMed:Compression of pellets coated with various aqueous polymer dispersions.
PubMed:Biodegradable films of partly branched poly(l-lactide)-co-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer: modulation of phase morphology, plasticization properties and thermal depolymerization.
PubMed:Medications as a source of human exposure to phthalates.
PubMed:Preparation of buccal patch composed of carbopol, poloxamer and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
PubMed:Effect of curing conditions and plasticizer level on the release of highly lipophilic drug from coated multiparticulate drug delivery system.
PubMed:Formulation study for lansoprazole fast-disintegrating tablet. II. Effect of triethyl citrate on the quality of the products.
PubMed:Drug release from Kollicoat SR 30D-coated nonpareil beads: evaluation of coating level, plasticizer type, and curing condition.
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PubMed:Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults.
PubMed:Final report on the safety assessment of acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl trihexyl citrate, and acetyl trioctyl citrate.
PubMed:Properties of heat-humidity cured cellulose acetate phthalate free films.
PubMed:Solid-state plasticization of an acrylic polymer with chlorpheniramine maleate and triethyl citrate.
PubMed:Alleviating effects of plant-derived fragrances on stress-induced hyperthermia in rats.
PubMed:Starch acetate--a novel film-forming polymer for pharmaceutical coatings.
PubMed:The influence of plasticizer on heat-humidity curing of cellulose acetate phthalate coated beads.
PubMed:Influence of plasticization time, curing conditions, storage time, and core properties on the drug release from Aquacoat-coated pellets.
PubMed:Acrylic resins as rate-controlling membranes in novel formulation of a nine-day 17beta-estradiol transdermal delivery system: in vitro and release modifier effect evaluation.
PubMed:Control and stability of drug release from diffusion pellets coated with the aqueous quaternary polymethacrylate dispersion Eudragit RS 30 D.
PubMed:Influence of film additives on stabilizing drug release rates from pellets coated with acrylic polymers.
PubMed:Drug release from and mechanical properties of press-coated tablets with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate and plasticizers in the outer shell.
PubMed:Formulation, characterization, and in vitro release of glyburide from proliposomal beads.
PubMed:Influence of curing on the adhesive and thermomechanical properties of an applied acrylic polymer.
PubMed:Release performance of a poorly soluble drug from a novel, Eudragit-based multi-unit erosion matrix.
PubMed:Physicomechanical properties of biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) films in the dry and wet states.
PubMed:Controlled release of drugs from injectable in situ formed biodegradable PLGA microspheres: effect of various formulation variables.
PubMed:Influence of vitamin E TPGS on the properties of hydrophilic films produced by hot-melt extrusion.
PubMed:Comparative studies with Kollicoat MAE 30 D and Kollicoat MAE 30 DP in aqueous spray dispersions and enteric coatings on highly swellable caffeine cores.
PubMed:Development of matrix-based theophylline sustained-release microtablets.
PubMed:The effects of plasticizers on the release of metoprolol tartrate from granules coated with a polymethacrylate film.
PubMed:Variation of composition of an enteric formulation based on Kollicoat MAE 30 D.
PubMed:Aqueous ethyl cellulose dispersion containing plasticizers of different water solubility and hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose as coating material for diffusion pellets II: properties of sprayed films.
PubMed:Factors affecting membrane-controlled drug release for an osmotic pump tablet (OPT) utilizing (SBE)(7m)-beta-CD as both a solubilizer and osmotic agent.
PubMed:Tackiness of acrylic and cellulosic polymer films used in the coating of solid dosage forms.
PubMed:Dry coating: an innovative enteric coating method using a cellulose derivative.
PubMed:Influence of aqueous coatings on the stability of enteric coated pellets and tablets.
PubMed:Influence of plasticizers and drugs on the physical-mechanical properties of hydroxypropylcellulose films prepared by hot melt extrusion.
PubMed:Aqueous ethyl cellulose dispersions containing plasticizers of different water solubility and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as coating material for diffusion pellets. I. Drug release rates from coated pellets.
PubMed:Thermal and mechanical characterization of cellulose acetate phthalate films for pharmaceutical tablet coating: effect of humidity during measurements.
PubMed:Fabrication of multiunit controlled-release phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride tablets.
PubMed:Effects of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and ethylcellulose on alginate microspheres prepared by emulsification.
PubMed:Gas chromatographic determination of organic acids from fruit juices by combined resin mediated methylation and extraction in supercritical carbon dioxide.
PubMed:Formulation and preparation of controlled release pellets of salbutamol by the air suspension technique.
PubMed:An in vitro method to investigate food effects on drug release from film-coated beads.
PubMed:Variables that affect the mechanism of drug release from osmotic pumps coated with acrylate/methacrylate copolymer latexes.
PubMed:Calcium alginate beads as core carriers of 5-aminosalicylic acid.
PubMed:Spontaneous formation of drug-containing acrylic nanoparticles.
PubMed:[Antiperspirants and deodorants--ingredients and evaluation].
PubMed:Skin metabolism and transdermal absorption of viprostol, a synthetic PGE2 analog, in the rat: effect of vehicle.
PubMed:Fluorometric documentation of increased cutaneous blood flow after topical application of a PGE2 analog in man.
PubMed:Nontoxic nerve guide tubes support neovascular growth in transected rat optic nerve.
PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of phosphocitric acid, a potent inhibitor of hydroxylapatite crystal growth.
PubMed:Mechanistic toxicology of triethyl citrate in cultured mammalian cells by cinematography.
PubMed:Mechanistic toxicology of triethyl citrate in mouse fibroblast cells by liquid scintillation techniques.
PubMed:Growth changes in mammalian cell cultures by plastic additives (effect of triethyl citrate).
PubMed:Toxicology of the citric acid esters: tributyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, and acetyl triethyl citrate.
 
Notes:
Used in foods as a flavouring agent, solvent and surface-active agent Triethyl citrate is an ester of citric acid. It is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white. In pharmaceutical coatings and plastics.
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