Typical G.C. analysis

#	%	Leftshift	Components
boronia megastigma nees absolute
38	0.10	2-	acetoxylinalool A + tridecane + methyl 2-methoxybenzoate
58	0.02		acetvanillone + (E)-beta-farnesene
32	0.45	(E)-	anethole + safrol + nonanoic acid
87	trace		apiole
48	.015		benzyl 3-methyl butyrate + (Z)-retro-gamma-ionone
4	0.01		benzyl alcohol
97	0.06		benzyl benzoate
88	0.20	beta-	bisabolol + tetradecanol
34	0.10	iso	bornyl acetate + menthyl acetate
40	0.02	trans-	carvyl acetate + (E)-linalool
54	0.04	beta-	caryophyllene
73	0.09		caryophyllene oxide
12	0.01		chrysanthenone
65	1.20	sesqui	cineole
86	trace		coniferyl methyl ether
41	0.07		cyclic beta-ionone
47	0.03		decanoic acid + benzyl 2-methyl butyrate + (Z)-retro-gamma-ionone
22	0.01	2-	decanol
31	0.06		decanol + 5-hydroxylinalool B + methyl 2-isobutyroxy-3-methyl valerate
21	0.60	2-	decanone + 7-hydroxyhotrienol
57	0.65	7,8-	dihydro-beta-ionol + (Z)-retro-alpha-ionone
55	1.30	7,8-	dihydro-beta-ionone
63	0.06		dihydroactinodiolide + undecyl acetate
23	0.01		dodecane + lilac alcohol
50	0.04	2-	dodecanol
76	3.80		dodecyl acetate + 8-hydroxylinalyl isobutyrate
108	trace		eicosane
42	0.01	delta-	elemene
70	0.09	7,11-	epoxymegastigm-5(6)-en-9-one
49	0.01		ethyl decanoate
95	0.08	(E,E)-	farnesol
28	trace		geraniol
46	0.70		geranyl acetate + vanillin
56	trace		geranyl acetone
111	4.30	(E)-4-(	geranyl oxy) cinnamic acid
106	1.90	(Z)-4-(	geranyl oxy) cinnamic acid
9	0.02		guaiacol
94	0.70		heptadecane
77	0.04		hexadecane
59	0.03	alpha-	humulene
75	0.03		humulene oxide I
85	0.30	3-	hydroxy-beta-ionone
43	0.20	8-	hydroxylinalool
91	0.10	8-	hydroxylinalyl 2-methyl butyrate
113	2.20	8-	hydroxylinalyl decanoate
116	0.30	8-	hydroxylinalyl dodecanoate
105	0.30	8-	hydroxylinalyl heptanoate
109	1.80	8-	hydroxylinalyl heptanoate
92	0.10	8-	hydroxylinalyl isovalerate
112	0.70	8-	hydroxylinalyl nonanoate
69	0.20	8-	hydroxylinalyl propionate
99	0.30	8-	hydroxylinalyl tiglate
118	1.40	8-	hydroxylinalyl tridecanoate
98	0.09	8-	hydroxylinalyl valerate
80	2.40	(E)-3-	hydroxymegastigm-7-en-9-one
68	0.03	(Z)-3-	hydroxymegastigm-7-en-9-one
107	0.09	N-(2-(4-	hydroxyphenyl)ethyl) 2-methyl butyramide
110	0.20	N-(2-(4-	hydroxyphenyl)ethyl) tiglamide
115	9.30	N-(2-(4-	hydroxyphenyl)ethyl) tiglamide + methyl (Z)-4-(geranyl oxy) cinnamate
84	0.15	4-oxo-beta-	ionol
52	0.30	beta-	ionol + 4,5-epoxy-gamma-homocyclocitral
71	0.64	(E,E)-pseudo-	ionone
45	0.05	(Z)-alpha-	ionone + (Z)-carvyl acetate
53	0.04	(E)-alpha-	ionone + 2,6-dimethyl-4-methyl phenol
61	14.90	(E)-beta-	ionone + alpha-curcumene + 5,6-epoxy-beta-ionone
67	0.02		italicene ether
82	0.35	delta-	jasmonic acid lactone (syn) + 4-hydroxy-beta-ionone
89	0.70	delta-	jasmonic acid lactone )anti) + methyl curcubate
5	0.45		limonene
29	0.20		linalyl acetate + 5-hydroxylinalool A
74	0.30	(E)-	megastigm-7-en-3,9-dione
14	0.15	para-	mentha-1,3,8-triene + camphor
3	0.06	para-	mentha-1,5,8-triene
117	6.70		methyl (E)-4-(geranyl oxy) cinnamate
96	0.50		methyl (E)-4-hydroxycinnamate
83	0.70		methyl (Z)-epi-jasmonate
79	1.20		methyl (Z)-jasmonate + (E)-3-hydroxymegastigm-7-en-9-one
1	0.10		methyl 1-hydroxy-3-methyl valerate + beta-pinene
44	0.20		methyl 2-(2-methyl butyoxy)-3-methyl valerate + neryl acetate
15	0.06		methyl 2-acetoxy-3-methyl valerate
81	0.70		methyl 2,3-di-epi-curcubate + 4-oxo-beta-ionone
90	14.60		methyl 3-epi-curcubate + (Z)-8-heptadecene
18	trace	para-	methyl acetophenone
24	0.01		methyl nonanoate
13	0.01		methyl octanoate
104	0.02		methyl palmitate
2	0.40		myrcene + octanal
25	0.20		nerol + (E)-tagetenone
103	0.08		nonadecane
10	0.75		nonanal + linalool + hotrienol + 2-phenethyl alcohol
19	trace		nonanol
11	0.08	2-	nonanol
7	0.07	(E)-beta-	ocimene
6	0.02	(Z)-beta-	ocimene
101	0.03		octadecane
20	0.07		octanoic acid
8	0.03		octanol
64	0.16		pentadecane + isoitalicene ether
102	trace		pentadecyl acetate
62	0.05	endo	peroxide of cyclic beta-ionone
66	0.02	beta-sesqui	phellandrene
30	trace	iso	piperitenone + geranial
27	0.01		piperitone
72	0.55		spathulenol + (E)-9-hydroxymegastigm-7-en-3-one
78	0.09		syringl methyl ether + zingerone
26	0.30	(Z)-	tagetenone + anisaldehyde
16	0.02	(E)-	tagetone
17	0.03	(Z)-	tagetone
35	trace		terpinen-4-yl acetate
51	0.02		tetradecane
100	0.50		tetradecyl acetate
37	0.03		theaspirane A + 2-undecanol
39	2.40		theaspirane B + 2-acetoxylinalool B + methyl decanoate
114	0.03		tricosane
93	0.15		tridecyl acetate
36	0.05		undecanal
60	1.00		undecanoic acid + 8-hydroxyl linalyl acetate + dodecanol + 2-phenethyl isovalerate + benzyl tiglate
33	0.05	2-	undecanone + bornyl acetate
P. Weyerstahl, H. Marschall, W-R. Bork, R. Rilk, S. Schneider and H-C. Wahlburg, Constituents of the absolute of Boronia megastigma Nees from Tasmania. Flav. Fragr. J., 10, 297-311 (1995). P&F 24, No. 1, 53, (1999)
cistus oil
#	%	Leftshift	Components
6	0.1		acetophenone
141	0.2	6-	acetoxy-11-nor-drim-7-en-9-one
72	0.2	7-	acetyl-2,2,6-trimethyl bicyclo(4.2.0)octane
119	0.1	6-	acetyl-5,8,8-trimethyl bicyclo(3.2.1)octan-2,3-dione
149	0.2	13-nor-	ambreinolide
148	0.1	8-epi-13-nor-	ambreinolide
78	0.2	alpha-	ambrinol
137	1.4		ambrox
144	0.1	6-oxo-iso	ambrox
81	0.9		aromadendr-1-ene
135	0.3		aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one
91	1.4	1,5-(Z)-	aromadendr-9-ene
132	0.1	1,10-seco-	aromadendran-1,10-dione
130	0.1	5-epi-1,10-seco-	aromadendran-1,10-dione
86	1.5	allo-	aromadendrene
b3	0.4		benzoic acid
27	2.0		borneol
55	1.7		bornyl acetate
b21	0.9	3-iso	butenyl-5-methyl-5-vinyl butyrolactone
126	0.5		cadalene
98	0.4	delta-	cadinene
125	0.6	alpha-	cadinol
100	0.6	alpha-	calacorene
99	0.6	(E)-	calamenene
90	0.5	(Z)-	calamenene
b9	1.4	gamma-	campholenic acid
15	0.3	alpha-	campholenic aldehyde
10	0.3	gamma-	campholenic aldehyde
b7	0.3	alpha-	campholytic acid
b4	0.2	gamma-	campholytic acid
b5	2.4		camphonanic acid
b12	2.1	alpha-	camphoneic acid
18	0.1		camphor
60	0.8		carvacrol
48	0.2		carvenone
41	0.2	trans-	carveol
43	0.1	cis-	carveol
46	0.5		carvone
138	0.1	sesqui	chamaenol
117	1.8		copaborneol
127	0.6		copabornyl acetate
74	1.1	alpha-	copaene
82	0.7		cubeb-11-ene
113	4.1		cubeban-11-ol
121	0.4	1-epi-	cubenol
44	0.1		cuminaldehyde
b11	1.0	beta-	cyclogeranic acid
b8	0.9	gamma-	cyclogeranic acid
53	0.3	para-	cymen-7-ol
3	0.4	para-	cymene
b13	0.7		davanic acid
39	0.2		decanal
b20	3.8		decanoic acid
106	0.2	1,2-	dehydroglobulol
118	0.3	3,4-	dehydroglobulol
110	0.2	1-epi-3,4-	dehydroviridiflorol
104	1.4	1,2-	dehydroviridiflorol
146	0.2	14,15-	di-nor-8,13-epoxylabd-12-ene
79	0.1		dihydro-beta-ionene
94	0.2		dihydroactinidiolide
37	0.5	neo	dihydrocarveol
b15	6.5		dihydrocinnamic acid
b24	1.7		dimethyl (Z)-2-hexyl-3-methyl butendioic acid
49	0.2	2,4-	dimethyl acetophenone
9	1.0	alpha-para-	dimethyl styrene
97	0.2	4,7-	dimethyl tetral-1-one
b14	1.2	2,6-	dimethyl-5-oxoheptanoic acid
77	0.2		dodecanal
70	0.1	11-nor-	drim-7-ene
139	0.1		drim-8-en-7-one
69	0.2	11-nor-	drim-8-ene
101	0.3	11-nor-	driman-8-ol
102	0.2	beta-	elemol
35	1.3		elsholtzia ketone
136	0.2	5,11-	epoxycadin-1(10)-en-9-ol
108	0.8	5,11-	epoxycadin-1(10)-ene
8	0.8	6,8-	epoxymenth-1-ene
64	0.1		ethyl dihydrocinnamate
124	0.4	beta-	eudesmol
122	0.2	gamma-	eudesmol
65	1.6		eugenol
45	0.2	alpha-	fenchyl acetate
76	0.1	1-(	fur-2-yl methyl)-2-formyl pyrrole
b19	2.4		geranic acid
51	0.2		geraniol
80	0.1		geranyl acetone
109	0.5		gleenol
111	0.2		globulol
b2	0.5		heptanoic acid
b1	0.7		hexanoic acid
133	0.1	(Z)-3-	hexen-1-yl dihydrocinnamate
134	0.3		hexyl dihydrocinnamate
59	0.1	(2E,4E)-6-	hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl hepta-2,4-dienal
32	trace	2-	hydroxy-3-methyl benzaldehyde
66	0.2	2-	hydroxy-4-isopropenyl toluene
68	0.2	(E)-5-	hydroxy-para-mentha-1(6),8-dien-2-one
71	0.3	(Z)-5-	hydroxy-para-mentha-1(6),8-dien-2-one
140	0.1	10-	hydroxycalamene-8,9-epoxide
131	0.1	9-	hydroxyladanifer-10-one(9(10(1))-abeo-9-hydroxyaromadendran-10-one)
50	0.4	2-	hydroxypinan-3-one
87	0.2	(E)-beta-	ionone
142	0.6	15-nor-	labd-1(17)-ene
153	0.4		labd-7-en-15-ol
145	0.5	15-nor-	labd-7-ene
b31	6.3		labd-7-enoic acid
154	0.3		labd-8-en-15-ol
143	0.5	15-nor-	labd-8-ene
b32	4.0		labd-8-enoic acid
152	0.4		labd-8(17)-en-15-ol
b30	5.1		labd-8(17)-enoic acid
147	0.7	15-nor-	labdan-8-ol
b23	2.5		lauric acid
92	9.3		ledene
73	0.2	iso	ledene
116	1.3		ledol
12	0.2		linalool
7	0.4	(E)-	linalool oxide furanoid
11	0.2	(Z)-	linalool oxide furanoid
b28	1.0		linoleic acid
150	0.3		manoyl oxide
151	0.3	13-epi-	manoyl oxide
85	0.1		massoia lactone
40	0.3	(Z)-para-	menth-4(8)-en-2-ol
62	0.1	2-	methoxy-6-methyl acetophenone
29	0.3	para-	methyl acetophenone
52	1.0		methyl dihydrocinnamate
75	0.4		methyl eugenol
1	0.2	5-	methyl furfural
2	0.1	6-	methyl-5-hepten-2-one
120	0.3		muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-ol
123	0.3	alpha-	muurolol
b25	2.7		myristic acid
33	0.9		myrtenal
b18	6.0		myrtenic acid
36	1.5		myrtenol
58	1.1		naginata ketone
22	0.2		nerol oxide
103	0.2	(E)-	nerolidol
13	0.1		nonanal
b10	1.6		nonanoic acid
17	0.7	(E)-3-	nonen-2-one
b6	3.7		octanoic acid
b27	1.2		oleic acid
115	0.1	beta-	oplopenone
b26	5.1		palmitic acid
105	1.2		palustrol
129	0.1		pentadecanal
42	0.1	3-	phenyl propanol
23	1.5		pinocamphone
28	0.7	iso	pinocamphone
19	1.8	trans-	pinocarveol
24	0.3		pinocarvone
63	0.4	trans-	pinocarvyl acetate
47	0.8		piperitone
25	0.1		propiophenone
128	0.2	4-iso	propyl-6-methyl tetral-1-one
16	0.1	(E)-	rose oxide
14	0.2	(Z)-	rose oxide
20	0.1	(E)-	sabinol
b29	0.8		stearic acid
21	0.2	(E)-	tagetone
26	0.2	(Z)-	tagetone
31	0.8		terpinen-4-ol
34	0.5	alpha-	terpineol
114	0.1		tetradecanal
89	0.6	1,1,5,6-	tetramethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene
95	0.2	1,1,5,6-	tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
54	0.2		thymol
107	0.2	6-para-	tolyl heptan-2-one
88	0.1		tridecanal
b16	0.7	1,5,5-	trimethyl bicyclo(4.1.0)heptan-7-carboxylic acid A
b17	1.9	1,5,5-	trimethyl bicyclo(4.1.0)heptan-7-carboxylic acid B
5	0.3	2,2,6-	trimethyl cyclohex-2-enone
4	1.3	2,2,6-	trimethyl cyclohexanone
93	0.2	1-(1,2,2-	trimethyl cyclopent-1-yl) pentan-1,4-dione
96	0.2	6,6,10-	trimethyl decan-2-one
30	0.5	2,2,5-	trimethyl oxepan-4-one
67	0.2	1,1,6-	trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene
83	0.1	4,4,7a-	trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2H-inden-2-one
84	0.1		tuberolactone
61	0.2		undecanal
b22	0.3		undecanoic acid
38	0.3		verbenone
112	4.3		viridiflorol
56	0.2		vitispirane A
57	0.1		vitispirane B
P. Weyerstahl, H. Marschall, M. Weirauch, K. Thefeld and H. Surburg, Constituents of commercial labdanum oil. Flav. Fragr. J., 13, 295-318 (1998). P&F 24, No. 4, 31, (1999)
tagetes minuta flower oil
#	%	Leftshift	Components
15	0.71	beta-	caryophyllene
20	0.27		caryophyllene oxide
6	47.05		dihydrotagetone
18	0.37	gamma-	elemene
21	0.21	gamma-	eudesmol
13	0.17		eugenol
12	0.18		geraniol
17	0.10		germacrene D
16	0.35	alpha-	humulene
4	5.00		limonene
3	0.10		myrcene
5	21.10	(E)-beta-	ocimene
14	0.37	beta-	patchoulene
19	0.14	2-	phenethyl tiglate
1	0.12	alpha-	pinene
2	0.86		sabinene
11	1.13	(E)-	tagetenone
10	1.42	(Z)-	tagetenone
8	7.49	(E)-	tagetone
7	0.95	(Z)-	tagetone
9	0.17		terpinen-4-ol
B. Benveniste and N. Azzo,Tagette oil, Technical Bulletin & Newsletter, Vol. IV, Kato Worldwide Ltd., N.Y, (October 1, 1992). P&F 21, No. 5, 57, (1996)
tagetes minuta flower oil CO2 extract
#	%	Leftshift	Components
54	3.56		alchenenotriol
30	9.98	(E)-	anethole
27	2.10	para-	anisaldehyde
41	0.33		aromadendrene
47	0.08	beta-	bisabolene
48	0.12	gamma-	cadinene
14	0.11		camphor
24	0.23	cis-	carveol
40	3.44	beta-	caryophyllene
23	0.61		citronellol
2	1.12	para-	cymene
31	1.51		dehydroelshotzia ketone
20	0.12	(Z)-	dihydrocarvone
6	5.19		dihydrotagetone
9	0.22	alpha-para-	dimethyl styrene
33	3.00	delta-	elemene
50	0.11	gamma-	elemene (furanoid)
21	0.15		elsholtzia ketone
49	0.15		eugenyl acetate
37	0.28		geranyl acetate
53	0.28		guaiol
42	2.14	alpha-	humulene
51	0.29		ledol
3	15.14		limonene
11	1.03		linalool
8	0.43	(Z)-	linalool oxide furanoid
28	0.47		linalyl acetate
10	0.12	(E)-para-	menth-2-en-1-ol
29	0.39		methyl citronellate
39	0.24		methyl eugenol
43	0.22	6-	methyl-gamma-ionone
45	0.29	alpha-	muurolene
1	0.24		myrcene
34	0.19		neryl acetate
5	0.30	(E)-beta-	ocimene
4	19.33	(Z)-beta-	ocimene
36	0.10	beta-	patchoulene
46	0.13		pentadecane
17	0.30	(Z)-	pinanone
13	3.68	(Z)-	sabinene hydrate
35	0.32	(E)-iso	safrole
52	2.42		spathulenol
26	0.65	(E)-	tagetenone
25	13.26	(Z)-	tagetenone
15	2.81	(E)-	tagetone
16	0.34	(Z)-	tagetone
18	0.46		terpinen-4-ol
7	0.26	gamma-	terpinene
19	0.50	alpha-	terpineol
38	0.16		tetradecane
12	0.24	alpha-	thujone
32	0.12		tridecane
44	0.57		valencene
22	0.05		verbenone
J. Daghero, M. Mattea, E. Reverchon, G. Della Porta and F. Senatore, Isolation of Tagetes minuta L. oil using supercritical CO2 extraction. In: Proceedings WOCMAP-2. Edits., V. Martino, A. Bandoni, G. Bleak and N. Capelle, Acta Hort., 503, 21-25 (1999). P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
tagetes minuta flower oil rwanda
#	%	Leftshift	Components
1	0.63		acetone
28	0.06		artemisyl ketone
33	trace		bornyl acetate
34	trace	iso	bornyl acetate
8	trace		camphene
10	0.11	delta-3-	carene
16	0.04	1,8-	cineole
21	trace	para-	cymene
22	1.03		dihydrotagetone
25	0.16	3,4-	dimethyl octa-2,4,6-triene
7	0.02		ethyl 2-methyl butyrate
6	0.12		ethyl butyrate
15	0.03	2-	hexenal
26	0.14	(Z)-3-	hexen-1-ol
14	1.77		limonene
32	0.17		linalool
23	0.54	para-	menth-4-en-3-one
2	0.03	4-	methyl-2-pentanone
11	trace	1-	methyl-3-isopropyl cyclohexane
13	0.11		myrcene
20	0.17	(E)-beta-	ocimene
17	37.08	(Z)-beta-	ocimene
29	trace	(Z)-beta-	ocimene epoxide
12	0.07	alpha-	phellandrene
36	0.08	2(10)-	pinen-4-one
4	0.03	alpha-	pinene
9	0.28		sabinene
3	0.05		santene
38	6.31	(E)-	tagetenone
37	3.34	(Z)-	tagetenone
30	2.86	(E)-	tagetone
31	35.40	(Z)-	tagetone
35	0.07		terpinen-4-ol
19	trace	gamma-	terpinene
18	0.35		terpinolene
5	trace	alpha-	thujene
27	0.02	2,4,6-	trimethyl anisole
24	trace	1,7,7-	trimethyl bicyclo(3.1.1)heptan-2-one
J. C. Chalchat, R. Ph. Garry and A. Muhayimana, Composition chimique d’huiles essentielles de Tagetes minuta L. du Rwanda. In: Valorisation dela Biomasse Végétale par les produits naturels. Edits., F-X. Garneau and G. J. Collin, p. 295-302, CRDI, Ottawa (1995). P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
#	%	Leftshift	Components
1	trace		acetone
22	0.30		artemisyl ketone
27	trace		bornyl acetate
28	trace	iso	bornyl acetate
7	trace		camphene
11	trace	delta-3-	carene
16	trace	1,8-	cineole
19	0.30	para-	cymene
20	3.30		dihydrotagetone
6	trace		ethyl 2-methyl butyrate
8	trace		ethyl valerate
15	trace	2-	hexenal
21	0.50	(Z)-3-	hexen-1-ol
14	1.30		limonene
26	trace		linalool
13	trace		myrcene
18	trace	(E)-beta-	ocimene
17	31.80	(Z)-beta-	ocimene
23	0.30	(Z)-beta-	ocimene epoxide
12	trace	alpha-	phellandrene
3	trace	alpha-	pinene
9	trace	beta-	pinene
5	0.50		propyl butyrate
10	0.30		sabinene
2	trace		santene
30	1.80	(E)-	tagetenone
31	6.00	(Z)-	tagetenone
24	3.40	(E)-	tagetone
25	46.00	(Z)-	tagetone
29	0.30		terpinen-4-ol
4	trace	alpha-	thujene
J. C. Chalchat, R. Ph. Garry and A. Muhayimana, Composition chimique d’huiles essentielles de Tagetes minuta L. du Rwanda. In: Valorisation dela Biomasse Végétale par les produits naturels. Edits., F-X. Garneau and G. J. Collin, p. 295-302, CRDI, Ottawa (1995). P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
tagetes minuta flower oil turkey
#	%	Leftshift	Components
21	0.10		bicyclogermacrene
18	0.47	beta-	caryophyllene
16	0.12		decanal
13	30.30		dihydrotagetone
2	0.08		ethyl 2-methyl butyrate
9	0.06	(E)-2-	hexenal
7	7.24		limonene
4	0.10		myrcene
12	0.39	(E)-beta-	ocimene
10	28.49	(Z)-beta-	ocimene
14	0.32	allo-	ocimene
5	0.09	alpha-	phellandrene
8	0.07	beta-	phellandrene
1	0.06	alpha-	pinene
22	0.26	iso	piperitenone
3	0.96		sabinene
20	15.35	(E)-	tagetenone
19	1.87	(Z)-	tagetenone
17	4.80	(E)-	tagetone
15	0.25	(Z)-	tagetone
6	0.02	alpha-	terpinene
11	0.05	gamma-	terpinene
K. H. C. Baser and H. Malyer, Essential oil of Tagetes minuta L. from Turkey. J. Essent. Oil Res., 8, 337-338 (1996). P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)
tagetes minuta flower oil zambia
#	%	Leftshift	Components
10	0.80	cis-	carvyl acetate
8	2.20	iso	caryophyllene
4	30.00		dihydrotagetone
9	0.50		germacrene B
1	8.30		limonene
7	0.50		linalool
3	0.40	(E)-beta-	ocimene
2	23.60	(Z)-beta-	ocimene
5	6.30	(E)-	tagetone
6	14.10	(Z)-	tagetone
E. H. Chisowa, D. R. Hall and D. L. Farman, Chemical composition of the essential oil of Tagetes minuta L. from Zambia. J. Essent. Oil Res., 10, 183-184 (1998). P&F 25, No. 6, 32, (2000)