| Name: | (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol |
| CAS Number: | 29106-49-8 |  3D/inchi
|
| FDA UNII: | L88HKE854X |
| Nikkaji Web: | J56.253J |
| MDL: | MFCD01861513 |
| XlogP3-AA: | 2.40 (est) |
| Molecular Weight: | 578.52762000 |
| Formula: | C30 H26 O12 |
| BioActivity Summary: | listing |
| NMR Predictor: | Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox) |
Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 955.30 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
|
| Flash Point: | 989.00 °F. TCC ( 531.60 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 0.300 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 20.86 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for procyanidin B2 usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Recommendation for procyanidin B2 flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :122738 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:3 |
| (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol |
| Chemidplus:0029106498 |
References:
| | (2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 122738 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135078310 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (4,8'- | bi-2H-1-benzopyran)-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol, 2,2'-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-, (2R-(2alpha,3alpha,4beta(2'R*,3'R*)))- | | (2R-(2alpha,3alpha,4beta(2'R*,3'R*)))-2,2'-bis(3,4- | dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-(4,8'-Bi-2H-1-benzopyran)-3,3',5,5',7,7'-hexol | | (2R,3R)-2-(3,4- | dihydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol | | | proanthocyanidin |
Articles:
| PubMed:Critical role of prohibitin in endothelial cell apoptosis caused by glycated low-density lipoproteins and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2. |
| PubMed:3-O-Galloylated Procyanidins from Rumex acetosa L. Inhibit the Attachment of Influenza A Virus. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition, antioxidant and antinociceptive properties of Litchi chinensis leaves. |
| PubMed:Quantitative proteomics study of protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 on diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice. |
| PubMed:Effect of cinnamon and its procyanidin-B2 enriched fraction on diabetic nephropathy in rats. |
| PubMed:Degradation of (-)-Epicatechin and Procyanidin B2 in Aqueous and Lipidic Model Systems. First Evidence of "Chemical" Flavan-3-ol Oligomers in Processed Cocoa. |
| PubMed:Microbial catabolism of procyanidins by human gut microbiota. |
| PubMed:Rapid screening and identification of new soluble tannin-salivary protein aggregates in saliva by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF and FIA-ESI-MS). |
| PubMed:Analysis of different European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars: authentication, phenotypic features, and phenolic profiles. |
| PubMed:Chemical constituents from Gouania longipetala and Glyphaea brevis. |
| PubMed:Red wine and oenological extracts display antimicrobial effects in an oral bacteria biofilm model. |
| PubMed:Efficient preparative isolation and identification of walnut bioactive components using high-speed counter-current chromatography and LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS. |
| PubMed:Variation of quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) leaves during the growth season. |
| PubMed:Protective effects of bilberry and lingonberry extracts against blue light-emitting diode light-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage in vitro. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation activities of Tamarindus indica seed coat in human fibroblast cells. |
| PubMed:The phenolic content and its involvement in the graft incompatibility process of various pear rootstocks (Pyrus communis L.). |
| PubMed:Polyphenol compounds belonging to flavonoids inhibit activity of coagulation factor X. |
| PubMed:Comparison of in vitro antiviral activity of tea polyphenols against influenza A and B viruses and structure-activity relationship analysis. |
| PubMed:Dietary flavonoids from modified apple reduce inflammation markers and modulate gut microbiota in mice. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin B2 3,3(″)-di-O-gallate, a biologically active constituent of grape seed extract, induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells via targeting NF-κB, Stat3, and AP1 transcription factors. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of protein glycation by procyanidin-B2 enriched fraction of cinnamon: delay of diabetic cataract in rats. |
| PubMed:Comparative analysis of Tunisian wild Crataegus azarolus (yellow azarole) and Crataegus monogyna (red azarole) leaf, fruit, and traditionally derived syrup: phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the aqueous-acetone extracts. |
| PubMed:Polyphenols and triterpenes from Chaenomeles fruits: chemical analysis and antioxidant activities assessment. |
| PubMed:Effect of growing zone and vintage on the prediction of extractable flavanols in winegrape seeds by a FT-NIR method. |
| PubMed:Isolation of a reduced form of cyanidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside from immature black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and its reducing properties. |
| PubMed:PIMT prevents the apoptosis of endothelial cells in response to glycated low density lipoproteins and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin dimer B2-mediated IRAK-M induction negatively regulates TLR4 signaling in macrophages. |
| PubMed:Characterisation of proanthocyanidins from black soybeans: isolation and characterisation of proanthocyanidin oligomers from black soybean seed coats. |
| PubMed:Syntheses of procyanidin B2 and B3 gallate derivatives using equimolar condensation mediated by Yb(OTf)3 and their antitumor activities. |
| PubMed:HPLC-DAD determination of seven antioxidants and caffeine in different phytopharmaceuticals. |
| PubMed:Metabolomic profiling and sensorial quality of 'Golden Delicious', 'Liberty', 'Santana', and 'Topaz' apples grown using organic and integrated production systems. |
| PubMed:Effects of an aqueous extract of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. fruit on experimental atherosclerosis in rats. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin b2 cytotoxicity to mcf-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. |
| PubMed:Development and validation studies for determination of phenylpropanoid-substituted flavan-3-ols in semipurified extract of Trichilia catigua by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. |
| PubMed:Proteomic analysis of kidney and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 in db/db mice indicate MFG-E8 as a key molecule in the development of diabetic nephropathy. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the quality of Chinese and Vietnamese cassia using LC-MS and multivariate analysis. |
| PubMed:Polyphenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) varieties. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity and HPLC analysis of polyphenol-enriched extracts from industrial apple pomace. |
| PubMed:Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of the principal apples produced in Brazil. |
| PubMed:Proteomic analysis of aorta and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 in db/db mice reveal a critical role of milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-8 in diabetic arterial damage. |
| PubMed:In vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by Aronia melanocarpa constituents. |
| PubMed:Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) fruit pericarp from different commercially available cultivars. |
| PubMed:Polyphenolic profile and biological activity of Chinese hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) fruits. |
| PubMed:Rapid and simultaneous determination of antioxidant markers and caffeine in commercial teas and dietary supplements by HPLC-DAD. |
| PubMed:Cocoa polyphenols are absorbed in Caco-2 cell model of intestinal epithelium. |
| PubMed:Ultrasound-assisted extraction, HPLC analysis, and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from unripe apple. |
| PubMed:A procyanidin trimer, C1, promotes NO production in rat aortic endothelial cells via both hyperpolarization and PI3K/Akt pathways. |
| PubMed:In vitro intestinal transport of oligomeric procyanidins (DP 2 to 4) across monolayers of Caco-2 cells. |
| PubMed:[Qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids in Chinese hawthorn fruit]. |
| PubMed:Comparison of isolated cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) proanthocyanidins to catechin and procyanidins A2 and B2 for use as standards in the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay. |
| PubMed:Apple pomace, a by-product from the asturian cider industry, inhibits herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in vitro replication: study of its mechanisms of action. |
| PubMed:Intake of dietary procyanidins does not contribute to the pool of circulating flavanols in humans. |
| PubMed:The relationship between antiglycation activity and procyanidin and phenolic content in commercial grape seed products. |
| PubMed:HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of flavonoid compounds in 5 seedless table grapes grown in Apulian Region. |
| PubMed:Preliminary Assessment of the Chemical Stability of Dried Extracts from Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Sterculiaceae). |
| PubMed:Characterization of procyanidin B2 oxidation products in an apple juice model solution and confirmation of their presence in apple juice by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Glucuronidation and methylation of procyanidin dimers b2 and 3,3″-di-o-galloyl-b2 and corresponding monomers epicatechin and 3-o-galloyl-epicatechin in mouse liver. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin B2 induces Nrf2 translocation and glutathione S-transferase P1 expression via ERKs and p38-MAPK pathways and protect human colonic cells against oxidative stress. |
| PubMed:Omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid and procyanidins inhibit cyclo-oxygenase activity and attenuate NF-κB activation through a p105/p50 regulatory mechanism in macrophage inflammation. |
| PubMed:Dietary flavanols exert different effects on antioxidant defenses and apoptosis/proliferation in Caco-2 and SW480 colon cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Simple solution for a complex problem: proanthocyanidins, galloyl glucoses and ellagitannins fit on a single calibration curve in high performance-gel permeation chromatography. |
| PubMed:Grape seed procyanidin b2 inhibits human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by advanced glycation end products. |
| PubMed:The effect of postharvest 1-MCP treatment and storage atmosphere on 'Cripps Pink' apple phenolics and antioxidant activity. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of ulcerative colitis in mice after oral administration of a polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract is mediated by the inhibition of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in colon cells. |
| PubMed:Distribution of free amino acids, flavonoids, total phenolics, and antioxidative activities of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) fruits and seeds harvested from plants grown in Korea. |
| PubMed:Induction of lactadherin mediates the apoptosis of endothelial cells in response to advanced glycation end products and protective effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 and resveratrol. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin B2 and a cocoa polyphenolic extract inhibit acrylamide-induced apoptosis in human Caco-2 cells by preventing oxidative stress and activation of JNK pathway. |
| PubMed:Grape seed procyanidin B2 inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced endothelial cell apoptosis through regulating GSK3β phosphorylation. |
| PubMed:Cacao polyphenols influence the regulation of apolipoprotein in HepG2 and Caco2 cells. |
| PubMed:Intestinal transit and systemic metabolism of apple polyphenols. |
| PubMed:Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from apple pomace using response surface methodology and HPLC analysis. |
| PubMed:Comparative effects of dietary flavanols on antioxidant defences and their response to oxidant-induced stress on Caco2 cells. |
| PubMed:Flavan-3-ol compounds from wine wastes with in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. |
| PubMed:Beneficial effects of cinnamon proanthocyanidins on the formation of specific advanced glycation endproducts and methylglyoxal-induced impairment on glucose consumption. |
| PubMed:Sweet cherry pomological and biochemical characteristics influenced by rootstock. |
| PubMed:Determination of total procyanidins in selected chocolate and confectionery products using DMAC. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin B2 catabolism by human fecal microflora: partial characterization of 'dimeric' intermediates. |
| PubMed:Influence of gallate esterification on the activity of procyanidin B2 in androgen-dependent human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. |
| PubMed:Proanthocyanidin derived from the leaves of Vaccinium virgatum suppresses platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of the human hepatic stellate cell line LI90. |
| PubMed:A comparison of the in vitro biotransformation of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 by human faecal microbiota. |
| PubMed:In vivo bioavailability, absorption, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [14C]procyanidin B2 in male rats. |
| PubMed:Banisteriopsis caapi, a unique combination of MAO inhibitory and antioxidative constituents for the activities relevant to neurodegenerative disorders and Parkinson's disease. |
| PubMed:Dietary polyphenols generate nitric oxide from nitrite in the stomach and induce smooth muscle relaxation. |
| PubMed:Influence of apple polyphenols on inflammatory gene expression. |
| PubMed:Degradation and metabolism of catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and related compounds by the intestinal microbiota in the pig cecum model. |
| PubMed:Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of extracts from flowers of two Crataegus azarolus L. varieties. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin dimers A1, A2, and B2 are absorbed without conjugation or methylation from the small intestine of rats. |
| PubMed:Screening antioxidants using LC-MS: case study with cocoa. |
| PubMed:Cinchonain Ib isolated from Eriobotrya japonica induces insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:Densitometric determination of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin by 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent. |
| PubMed:Epicatechin, procyanidins, and phenolic microbial metabolites after cocoa intake in humans and rats. |
| PubMed:Cocoa procyanidins attenuate 4-hydroxynonenal-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells by directly inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 activity. |
| PubMed:Pyrogallol structure in polyphenols is involved in apoptosis-induction on HEK293T and K562 cells. |
| PubMed:Procyanidins from Myrothamnus flabellifolia. |
| PubMed:An analysis on flavonoids, phenolics and organic acids contents in brewed red wines of both non-skin contact and skin contact fermentation techniques of Mao Luang ripe fruits (Antidesma bunius) harvested from Phupan Valley in Northeast Thailand. |
| PubMed:An analysis on flavonoids contents in Mao Luang fruits of fifteen cultivars (Antidesma bunius), grown in northeast Thailand. |
| PubMed:[Phenols from the rhizomes of Arachniodes exilis]. |
| PubMed:Cocoa procyanidins suppress transformation by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. |
| PubMed:Analysis of CYP3A inhibitory components of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:[Antioxidant activity of tinctures prepared from hawthorn fruits and motherwort herb]. |
| PubMed:Cocoa procyanidins inhibit expression and activation of MMP-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells by direct inhibition of MEK and MT1-MMP activities. |
| PubMed:Rapid preparation of procyanidins B2 and C1 from Granny Smith apples by using low pressure column chromatography and identification of their oligomeric procyanidins. |
| PubMed:Cinnamon bark proanthocyanidins as reactive carbonyl scavengers to prevent the formation of advanced glycation endproducts. |
| PubMed:Dimeric procyanidin B2 inhibits constitutively active NF-kappaB in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells independently of the presence of IkappaB mutations. |
| PubMed:Cocoa procyanidins protect PC12 cells from hydrogen-peroxide-induced apoptosis by inhibiting activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. |
| PubMed:Cacao procyanidins reduce plasma cholesterol and increase fecal steroid excretion in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. |
| PubMed:Mono-O-methylated flavanols and other flavonoids as inhibitors of endothelial NADPH oxidase. |
| PubMed:Content of polyphenolic compounds in the Nigerian stimulants Cola nitida ssp. alba, Cola nitida ssp. rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott & Endl and their antioxidant capacity. |
| PubMed:Litchi flavonoids: isolation, identification and biological activity. |
| PubMed:Apple procyanidins induce tumor cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway activation of caspase-3. |
| PubMed:Interaction of different polyphenols with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) by fluorescence quenching. |
| PubMed:[Studies on chemical constituents from roots of Craibiodendron henryi]. |
| PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric characterization of new products formed by the reaction between flavanols and malvidin 3-glucoside in the presence of acetaldehyde. |
| PubMed:Antidepressant-like effect of Cecropia glazioui Sneth and its constituents - in vivo and in vitro characterization of the underlying mechanism. |
| PubMed:Comparative effects of flavonoids on oxidant scavenging and ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes. |
| PubMed:A new process to develop a cocoa powder with higher flavonoid monomer content and enhanced bioavailability in healthy humans. |
| PubMed:Concentrations and characteristics of procyanidins and other phenolics in apples during fruit growth. |
| PubMed:Ex vivo evaluation of the percutaneous penetration of proanthocyanidin extracts from Guazuma ulmifolia using photoacoustic spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Rapid reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the major cocoa polyphenols and inter-relationships of their concentrations in chocolate. |
| PubMed:Fractionation of high molecular weight tannins in grape seed extract and identification of procyanidin B2-3,3'-di-O-gallate as a major active constituent causing growth inhibition and apoptotic death of DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effects of procyanidin B(2) dimer on lipid-laden macrophage formation. |
| PubMed:Degradation of procyanidins by Aspergillus fumigatus: identification of a novel aromatic ring cleavage product. |
| PubMed:Influence of different phenolic copigments on the color of malvidin 3-glucoside. |
| PubMed:A 3D structural and conformational study of procyanidin dimers in water and hydro-alcoholic media as viewed by NMR and molecular modeling. |
| PubMed:Quantification of the polyphenols and triterpene acids in chinese hawthorn fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin oligomers counteract TGF-beta1- and TGF-beta2-induced apoptosis in hair epithelial cells: an insight into their mechanisms. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin dimer B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] suppresses the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in endotoxin-treated monocytic cells. |
| PubMed:Catalytic inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase II by interactions of grape cell culture polyphenols. |
| PubMed:Polyphenol contents in grape-seed extracts correlate with antipica effects in cisplatin-treated rats. |
| PubMed:HPLC coupled on-line to ESI-MS and a DPPH-based assay for the rapid identification of anti-oxidants in Butea superba. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin B2 has anti- and pro-oxidant effects on metal-mediated DNA damage. |
| PubMed:Cocoa-related flavonoids inhibit CFTR-mediated chloride transport across T84 human colon epithelia. |
| PubMed:Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic compounds from longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) seed by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Separation of eight selected flavan-3-ols on cellulose thin-layer chromatographic plates. |
| PubMed:Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic antioxidants from Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and pericarp. |
| PubMed:Which polyphenolic compounds contribute to the total antioxidant activities of apple? |
| PubMed:Systematic synthesis of galloyl-substituted procyanidin B1 and B2, and their ability of DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibitory activity of DNA polymerases. |
| PubMed:Effects of phenolics in Empire apples on hydrogen peroxide-induced inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular communication. |
| PubMed:Effect of mash maceration on the polyphenolic content and visual quality attributes of cloudy apple juice. |
| PubMed:Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by grape seed proanthocyanidin is accompanied by a decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis. |
| PubMed:Radical scavenging activities of peels and pulps from cv. Golden Delicious apples as related to their phenolic composition. |
| PubMed:Improved HPLC determination of phenolic compounds in cv. golden delicious apples using a monolithic column. |
| PubMed:Hawthorn extracts inhibit LDL oxidation. |
| PubMed:Phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacities of Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn) callus extracts. |
| PubMed:Hyperforin a constituent of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) extract induces apoptosis by triggering activation of caspases and with hypericin synergistically exerts cytotoxicity towards human malignant cell lines. |
| PubMed:Isolation and structural elucidation of some procyanidins from apple by low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance. |
| PubMed:Plasma levels of hypericin in presence of procyanidin B2 and hyperoside: a pharmacokinetic study in rats. |
| PubMed:Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS. |
| PubMed:Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] in rats. |
| PubMed:Identification and in vitro biological activities of hop proanthocyanidins: inhibition of nNOS activity and scavenging of reactive nitrogen species. |
| PubMed:Influence of procyanidins on the color stability of oenin solutions. |
| PubMed:Immunomodulatory proanthocyanidins from Ecdysanthera utilis. |
| PubMed:Potential cancer-chemopreventive activities of wine stilbenoids and flavans extracted from grape (Vitis vinifera) cell cultures. |
| PubMed:Quantification of procyanidins in oral herbal medicinal products containing extracts of Crataegus species. |
| PubMed:Catechins and their oligomers linked by C4 --> C8 bonds are major cacao polyphenols and protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation in vitro. |
| PubMed:Pharmacological and endocrine effects of Hypericum perforatum and hypericin after repeated treatment. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of polyphenols from seeds of Vitis amurensis in vitro. |
| PubMed:Analyses of polyphenols in cacao liquor, cocoa, and chocolate by normal-phase and reversed-phase HPLC. |
| PubMed:Quantitative analysis of flavan-3-ols in Spanish foodstuffs and beverages. |
| PubMed:A-Type proanthocyanidin trimers from cranberry that inhibit adherence of uropathogenic P-fimbriated Escherichia coli. |
| PubMed:Studies in polyphenol chemistry and bioactivity. 2. Establishment of interflavan linkage regio- and stereochemistry by oxidative degradation of an O-alkylated derivative of procyanidin B2 to (R)-(-)-2,4-diphenylbutyric acid. |
| PubMed:Gel permeation chromatography of anthocyanin pigments from Rosé cider and red wine. |
| PubMed:Anti-tumor-promoting activity of a polyphenolic fraction isolated from grape seeds in the mouse skin two-stage initiation-promotion protocol and identification of procyanidin B5-3'-gallate as the most effective antioxidant constituent. |
| PubMed:Solubilized hypericin and pseudohypericin from Hypericum perforatum exert antidepressant activity in the forced swimming test. |
| PubMed:Anti-HIV activity of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins from Crataegus sinaica. |
| PubMed:Procyanidin Production by Fagopyrum esculentum Callus Culture. |
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