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palmitoyl carnitine
1-propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-(1-oxohexadecyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt

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CAS Number: 1935-18-8Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: U8K6DKA8V2
XlogP3-AA:7.70 (est)
Molecular Weight:399.61545000
Formula:C23 H45 N O4
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:cosmetic agents
 
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Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 3.290 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 0.3295 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: skin conditioning
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Palmitoylcarnitine
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
cosmetic agents
Recommendation for palmitoyl carnitine usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for palmitoyl carnitine flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
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Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :461
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
3-hexadecanoyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
Chemidplus:0001935188
 
References:
 3-hexadecanoyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):461
Pubchem (sid):134981225
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB00222
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB01539
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
3-hexadecanoyloxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
3-(hexadecanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
3-(hexadecanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
 palmitoylcarnitine
3-(palmitoyloxy)-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate
 palmitylcarnitine
1-propanaminium, 3-carboxy-2-(1-oxohexadecyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt
1-propanaminium, 3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)-, inner salt
1-propanaminium, 3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-, inner salt
 

Articles:

PubMed:Myocardial mitochondrial and contractile function are preserved in mice lacking adiponectin.
PubMed:One-year high fat diet affects muscle-but not brain mitochondria.
PubMed:Palmitoyl-carnitine increases RyR2 oxidation and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak in cardiomyocytes: Role of adenine nucleotide translocase.
PubMed:Downregulation of carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase by miRNAs 132 and 212 amplifies glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
PubMed:Fatty acids in energy metabolism of the central nervous system.
PubMed:The effect of high-intensity training on mitochondrial fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue.
PubMed:Training status diverges muscle diacylglycerol accumulation during free fatty acid elevation.
PubMed:Global metabolite profiling reveals transformation pathways and novel metabolomic responses in Solea senegalensis after exposure to a non-ionic surfactant.
PubMed:Do fish oil omega-3 fatty acids enhance antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in human atrial myocardium via PPARγ activation?
PubMed:Role of estrogen on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in ovariectomized rats: a time course study in different fiber types.
PubMed:Freshly isolated mitochondria from failing human hearts exhibit preserved respiratory function.
PubMed:Micromolar changes in lysophosphatidylcholine concentration cause minor effects on mitochondrial permeability but major alterations in function.
PubMed:Measurement of succinyl-carnitine and methylmalonyl-carnitine on dried blood spot by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Ontogeny of muscle bioenergetics in Adelie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae).
PubMed:Biochemical competition makes fatty-acid β-oxidation vulnerable to substrate overload.
PubMed:Cerebral metabonomics study on Parkinson's disease mice treated with extract of Acanthopanax senticosus harms.
PubMed:Tissue-specific changes in fatty acid oxidation in hypoxic heart and skeletal muscle.
PubMed:High-fat feeding-induced hyperinsulinemia increases cardiac glucose uptake and mitochondrial function despite peripheral insulin resistance.
PubMed:Regulation of fatty acid metabolism by mTOR in adult murine hearts occurs independently of changes in PGC-1α.
PubMed:Metabolism of brain cortex and cardiac muscle mitochondria in hibernating 13-lined ground squirrels Ictidomys tridecemlineatus.
PubMed:Acute hyperinsulinemia and reduced plasma free fatty acid levels decrease intramuscular triglyceride synthesis.
PubMed:Progression of type 2 diabetes in GK rats affects muscle and liver mitochondria differently: pronounced reduction of complex II flux is observed in liver only.
PubMed:Disturbed carnitine regulation in chronic heart failure--increased plasma levels of palmitoyl-carnitine are associated with poor prognosis.
PubMed:Genetic loss of insulin receptors worsens cardiac efficiency in diabetes.
PubMed:Mitochondrial lipid oxidation is impaired in cultured myotubes from obese humans.
PubMed:Measurement of precursor enrichment for calculating intramuscular triglyceride fractional synthetic rate.
PubMed:PGC-1β deficiency accelerates the transition to heart failure in pressure overload hypertrophy.
PubMed:Resveratrol prevents the wasting disorders of mechanical unloading by acting as a physical exercise mimetic in the rat.
PubMed:Tetradecylthioacetic acid increases hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation and alters fatty acid composition in a mouse model of chronic inflammation.
PubMed:Protein composition and function of red and white skeletal muscle mitochondria.
PubMed:Chronic hypoxia-induced alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism are not reversible in rat heart ventricles.
PubMed:Ex vivo and in vivo diffusion of ropivacaine through spinal meninges: influence of absorption enhancers.
PubMed:Sodium bicarbonate ingestion prior to training improves mitochondrial adaptations in rats.
PubMed:Exercise training increases mitochondrial content and ex vivo mitochondrial function similarly in patients with type 2 diabetes and in control individuals.
PubMed:Functional effects of glucose transporters in human ventricular myocardium.
PubMed:Relationship between plasma free fatty acid, intramyocellular triglycerides and long-chain acylcarnitines in resting humans.
PubMed:Proteomic remodelling of mitochondrial oxidative pathways in pressure overload-induced heart failure.
PubMed:Fatty acid oxidation and meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes.
PubMed:Impaired insulin signaling accelerates cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
PubMed:Tissue-, substrate-, and site-specific characteristics of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation.
PubMed:Contribution of impaired myocardial insulin signaling to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the heart.
PubMed:Peroxidative damage of mitochondrial respiration is substrate-dependent.
PubMed:Deleterious action of FA metabolites on ATP synthesis: possible link between lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance.
PubMed:Carnitine supplementation induces acylcarnitine production in tissues of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient mice, without replenishing low free carnitine.
PubMed:Training at high exercise intensity promotes qualitative adaptations of mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle.
PubMed:High rates of superoxide production in skeletal-muscle mitochondria respiring on both complex I- and complex II-linked substrates.
PubMed:Fatty acid oxidation in cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria is unaffected by deletion of CD36.
PubMed:Caprine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: Effect of simulated ischemia on membrane structure and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity.
PubMed:Flux control analysis of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle: pyruvate and palmitoyl-carnitine as substrates give different control patterns.
PubMed:Protective effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver mitochondrial function in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes: link with oxidative stress.
PubMed:Concerted action of leptin in regulation of fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and liver.
PubMed:Modulation of tight junction properties relevant to fluid transport across rabbit corneal endothelium.
PubMed:Reduced efficiency, but increased fat oxidation, in mitochondria from human skeletal muscle after 24-h ultraendurance exercise.
PubMed:Identification of a canine model of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 deficiency.
PubMed:An improved enzyme assay for carnitine palmitoyl transferase I in fibroblasts using tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Activation of a novel long-chain free fatty acid generation and export system in mitochondria of diabetic rat hearts.
PubMed:Fenofibrate activates the biochemical pathways and the de novo expression of genes related to lipid handling and uncoupling protein-3 functions in liver of normal rats.
PubMed:Acute myocardial ischaemia induces specific alterations of ventricular mitochondrial function in experimental pigs.
PubMed:Inhibition of very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase during cardiac ischemia.
PubMed:Time course of differential mitochondrial energy metabolism adaptation to chronic hypoxia in right and left ventricles.
PubMed:Thyroid-hormone effects on putative biochemical pathways involved in UCP3 activation in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria.
PubMed:Mitochondrial tissue specificity of substrates utilization in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles.
PubMed:Differential carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase expression defines distinct metabolic signatures in skeletal muscle cells.
PubMed:Glycine intake decreases plasma free fatty acids, adipose cell size, and blood pressure in sucrose-fed rats.
PubMed:Cryptococcal phospholipases: a novel lysophospholipase discovered in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus gattii.
PubMed:Different sensitivities of CPT I and CPT II for inhibition by l-aminocarnitine in human skeletal muscle.
PubMed:Transport mechanism(s) of poly (amidoamine) dendrimers across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
PubMed:Effects of various absorption enhancers on transport of clodronate through Caco-2 cells.
PubMed:Fatty acid oxidation by skeletal muscle homogenates from morbidly obese black and white American women.
PubMed:The hypolipidemic drug metabolites nafenopin-CoA and ciprofibroyl-CoA are competitive P2Y1 receptor antagonists.
PubMed:The effects of ischaemic preconditioning, diazoxide and 5-hydroxydecanoate on rat heart mitochondrial volume and respiration.
PubMed:Topology of superoxide production from different sites in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
PubMed:Modulation of P-glycoprotein activity in Calu-3 cells using steroids and beta-ligands.
PubMed:Effects of augmented delivery of pyruvate on myocardial high-energy phosphate metabolism at high workstate.
PubMed:Increased pyruvate flux capacities account for diet-induced increases in gluconeogenesis in vitro.
PubMed:Biochemical properties of porcine white adipose tissue mitochondria and relevance to fatty acid oxidation.
PubMed:Effects of apolipoproteins C on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria.
PubMed:Lipid oxidation is reduced in obese human skeletal muscle.
PubMed:Human quadriceps muscle mitochondria: a functional characterization.
PubMed:Multiple agents potentiate alpha1-adrenoceptor-induced conduction depression in canine cardiac purkinje fibers.
PubMed:Human skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity.
PubMed:Effects of Palmitoyl Carnitine on Perfused Heart and Papillary Muscle.
PubMed:Acylcarnitines in fibroblasts of patients with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and other fatty acid oxidation disorders.
PubMed:Propionyl-L-carnitine as potential protective agent against adriamycin-induced impairment of fatty acid beta-oxidation in isolated heart mitochondria.
PubMed:Anti-proliferative effect of two novel palmitoyl-carnitine analogs, selective inhibitors of protein kinase C conventional isoenzymes.
PubMed:Dodecylphosphocholine-mediated enhancement of paracellular permeability and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cell monolayers.
PubMed:Lipolysis is an important determinant of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis.
PubMed:Noninvasive evaluation of adult onset myopathy from carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:Biochemical and functional characterisation of secreted phospholipase activities from Cryptococcus neoformans in their naturally occurring state.
PubMed:Palmitoyl carnitine increases intracellular calcium in adult rat cardiomyocytes.
PubMed:Conversion of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored alkaline phosphatase by GPI-PLD.
PubMed:Absorption enhancement, structural changes in tight junctions and cytotoxicity caused by palmitoyl carnitine in Caco-2 and IEC-18 cells.
PubMed:Are there distinct subcellular populations of mitochondria in rainbow trout red muscle?
PubMed:Absorption-enhancing effects of sodium caprate and palmitoyl carnitine in rat and human colons.
PubMed:Alpha-ketoisocaproate is not a true substrate for ATP production by pancreatic beta-cell mitochondria.
PubMed:Tetracycline-induced steatosis in primary canine hepatocyte cultures.
PubMed:Cosubstrates involved in the reduction of cytosolic glutathione disulfide in rat heart.
PubMed:Characterisation of the canine cardiac sarcolemma in experimental myocardial ischemia.
PubMed:Mitochondrial carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency presenting as sudden neonatal death.
PubMed:Palmitoyl carnitine, a lysophospholipase-transacylase inhibitor, prevents Candida adherence in vitro.
PubMed:Acylcarnitine chain length influences carnitine-enhanced drug flux through the spinal meninges in vitro.
PubMed:Characterization of mitochondria from pig muscle: higher activity of exo-NADH oxidase in animals suffering from malignant hyperthermia.
PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of some novel coronary dilator derivatives of palmitoyl carnitine in the rat isolated heart.
PubMed:Palmitoyl carnitine increases the transmeningeal flux of hydrophilic but not hydrophobic compounds in vitro.
PubMed:Plasticity of fish muscle mitochondria with thermal acclimation
PubMed:On the roles of long-chain acyl carnitine accumulation and impaired glucose utilization in ischaemic contracture development and tissue damage in the guinea-pig heart.
PubMed:Effect of palmitoyl carnitine isopropyl ester on the actions of BAY K 8644 and norepinephrine in the perfused rat heart.
PubMed:Purification, properties, and specificity of rat brain cytosolic fatty acyl coenzyme A hydrolase.
PubMed:Mitochondrial function during heavy exercise.
PubMed:Enoximone inhibits hepatic mitochondrial long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase.
PubMed:Effects of palmitoyl carnitine and related metabolites on the avian Ca(2+)-ATPase and Ca2+ release channel.
PubMed:Contribution to control of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by supplement of reducing equivalents.
PubMed:Vasodilator action of the isopropyl ester of palmitoyl carnitine in the rat coronary circulation and mesenteric vascular bed.
PubMed:Palmitoyl carnitine modifies sodium currents and induces transient inward current in ventricular myocytes.
PubMed:A novel cycle involving fatty acyl-coenzyme A regulates asialoglycoprotein receptor activity in permeable hepatocytes.
PubMed:ARE MITOCHONDRIA SUBJECT TO EVOLUTIONARY TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION?
PubMed:Activation of the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by palmitoyl carnitine.
PubMed:Modulation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in rat left ventricle by ischaemia and acyl carnitines: protection by ranolazine.
PubMed:Effects of Ca(2+)-channel drugs on K(+)-induced respiration in skeletal muscles.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of three lysophospholipases from the murine macrophage cell line WEHI 265.1.
PubMed:Modulation of neutrophil superoxide generation by inhibitors of protein kinase C, calmodulin, diacylglycerol and myosin light chain kinases, and peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase.
PubMed:Effects of palmitoyl CoA and palmitoyl carnitine on the membrane potential and Mg2+ content of rat heart mitochondria.
PubMed:The inhibition of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase by enoximone in rat heart mitochondria.
PubMed:Simultaneous in vitro measurement of intestinal tissue permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) using Sweetana-Grass diffusion cells.
PubMed:Modulation of human basophil histamine release by protein kinase C inhibitors differs with secretagogue and with inhibitor.
PubMed:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and disordered blood flow.
PubMed:Effect of thyroid state and cold exposure on rat liver mitochondrial protein mass and function.
PubMed:Evaluation of energy sources with and without carnitine in newborn pig heart and liver.
PubMed:Protein kinase C and cyclic AMP modulate thrombin-induced platelet-activating factor synthesis in human endothelial cells.
PubMed:[Study of the effect of an inhibitor of carnitine-dependent metabolism of mildronate on the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver mitochondria of intact rats].
PubMed:[The effect of metabolites of the propionate pathway on the oxidative activity of liver mitochondria].
PubMed:Effects of palmitoyl carnitine and structural analogs on arterial blood pressure in the rat. A comparison with platelet-activating factor.
PubMed:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): a time lag factor.
PubMed:Biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid by glycerophosphate acyltransferases in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes.
PubMed:Purification, characterization and partial amino acid sequences of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase from human liver.
PubMed:ATP production rate in mitochondria isolated from microsamples of human muscle.
PubMed:Non-shivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue activity in essential fatty acid deficient rats.
PubMed:Interactions of palmitoyl carnitine with the endothelium in rat aorta.
PubMed:The effect of cobalt on mitochondrial ATP-production in the rat myocardium and skeletal muscle.
PubMed:Mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in elasmobranchs.
PubMed:The effects of novel vasodilator long chain acyl carnitine esters in the isolated perfused heart of the rat.
PubMed:Hepatic and muscular forms of palmitoyl carnitine transferase deficiency.
PubMed:Palmitoyl carnitine can exist in lamellar and hexagonal phases.
PubMed:Increased cellular internalization of amphiphiles in a multidrug-resistant CHO cell line.
PubMed:Pyruvate metabolism by lymphocytes: evidence for an additional ketogenic tissue.
PubMed:Protein kinase C and the antiviral effect of human interferon.
PubMed:Interaction of palmitoyl carnitine with calcium antagonists in myocytes.
PubMed:Mechanistic studies on the DDT-induced inhibition of intercellular communication.
PubMed:Exogenous palmitoyl carnitine and membrane damage in rat hearts.
PubMed:Palmitoyl carnitine: an endogenous promotor of calcium efflux from rat heart mitochondria.
PubMed:Palmitoyl-CoA inhibits the mitochondrial inner membrane anion-conducting channel.
PubMed:Modulation by palmitoyl-carnitine of calcium activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity and inhibition of melanoma cell growth.
PubMed:Calcium ions and 1-palmitoyl carnitine reduce erythrocyte electrophoretic mobility: test of a surface charge hypothesis.
PubMed:Mechanisms of induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in tracheal epithelial cells by asbestiform minerals.
PubMed:Inhibition of gap junctional blockage by palmitoyl carnitine and TMB-8 in a rat liver epithelial cell line.
PubMed:Expression of the human B-cell surface protein CD20: alteration by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
PubMed:Long-chain acylcarnitines mediate the hypoxia-induced increase in alpha 1-adrenergic receptors on adult canine myocytes.
PubMed:Direct activation of Ca2+ channels by palmitoyl carnitine, a putative endogenous ligand.
PubMed:Effects of long-chain fatty-acyl esters of coenzyme A and carnitine on cell-free rat heart preparations.
PubMed:Thermogenin amount and activity in hamster brown fat mitochondria: effect of cold acclimation.
PubMed:Inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding in rat pancreatic acini by palmitoyl carnitine: evidence for Ca2+ and protein kinase C independent regulation.
PubMed:Control of cardiac sodium pump by long-chain acyl coenzymes A.
PubMed:The effects of age on substrate depletion and hormonal responses during submaximal exercise in hamsters.
PubMed:Relationship between the electrochemical proton gradient and respiration: pyruvate and l-palmitoylcarnitine as hydrogen donors for rat heart mitochondria.
PubMed:Early events in human B cell activation: metabolic pathways vary according to the first signal used.
PubMed:The modes of action of long chain alkyl compounds on the respiratory chain-linked energy transducing system in submitochondrial particles.
PubMed:Carnitine status, plasma lipid profiles, and exercise capacity of dialysis patients: effects of a submaximal exercise program.
PubMed:Vitamin E deficiency and vitamin C supplements: exercise and mitochondrial oxidation.
PubMed:Capacities of oxidative metabolism in digitonin-treated bovine epididymal spermatozoa.
PubMed:[Oxidation of fatty acids in heart mitochondria of the ischemic myocardium].
PubMed:Reciprocal effects of 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid on fatty acid oxidation.
PubMed:Defective intramitochondrial NADH oxidation in skin fibroblasts from an infant with fatal neonatal lacticacidemia.
PubMed:A fixation procedure suitable for autoradiography of endogenous long-chain acyl carnitine.
PubMed:[Reasons for disorders of fatty acid oxidation in isolated heart mitochondria during ischemia].
PubMed:Regulation of lipases involved in the supply of substrate fatty acids for the heart.
PubMed:Shock-induced damage to mitochondrial function and some cellular antioxidant mechanisms in humans.
PubMed:Inhibition of sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase by palmitoyl carnitine: potentiation by propranolol.
PubMed:Inhibition of myocardial rotenone-insensitive NADH cytochrome c reductase by amphiphilic compounds.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of mitochondrial thioesterase from rabbit myocardium and its inhibition by palmitoyl carnitine.
PubMed:Comparative chemical and immunological characterization of five lipolytic enzymes (carboxylesterases) from rat liver microsomes.
PubMed:Effects of palmitoyl carnitine and LPC on cardiac sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase.
PubMed:Modulation of canine myocardial sarcolemmal membrane fluidity by amphiphilic compounds.
PubMed:Metabolic consequences of limited substrate anion permeability in brown fat mitochondria from a hibernator, the golden hamster.
PubMed:Identification of 2-tetradecylglycidyl coenzyme A as the active form of methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate (methyl palmoxirate) and its characterization as an irreversible, active site-directed inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase A in isolated rat liver mitochondria.
PubMed:Different respiratory activities of mitochondria isolated from the subendocardium and subepicardium of the canine heart.
PubMed:[Effect of ischemia and postischemic reperfusion on fatty acid oxidation in heart mitochondria].
PubMed:Hydrolysis of ester- and amide-type drugs by the purified isoenzymes of nonspecific carboxylesterase from rat liver.
PubMed:Cytosolic lysophospholipase in cardiac myocytes and its inhibition by L-palmitoyl carnitine.
PubMed:Effect of palmitoyl carnitine on Na+, K+-ATPase and adenylate cyclase activity of canine myocardial sarcolemma.
PubMed:The effects of 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carbonyl-Co-A on mitochondrial oxidations.
PubMed:Inhibition of the hormone-sensitive lipase in adipose tissue by long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A.
PubMed:Restriction of maternal food intake inhibits fatty acid activation in developing rat hearts.
PubMed:Specificity of purified monoacylglycerol lipase, palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, palmitoyl-carnitine hydrolase, and nonspecific carboxylesterase from rat liver microsomes.
PubMed:Inhibitory effect of long chain fatty acyl CoAs on RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Seasonal acclimatization in American goldfinches: the role of the pectoralis muscle.
PubMed:Respiratory and calcium transport properties of spiny lobster hepatopancreas mitochondria.
PubMed:[Effect of novodrin on fatty acid oxidation by the myocardial mitochondria of white rats].
PubMed:Rabbit myocardial cytosolic lysophospholipase. Purification, characterization, and competitive inhibition by L-palmitoyl carnitine.
PubMed:Fatty acid activation in the brains of neurologically mutant mice.
PubMed:Structure-function relations between fatty acid oxidation and the mitochondrial inner-membrane--matrix region.
PubMed:Inhibition by palmitoyl CoA of dynein ATPase from sea urchin spermatozoa.
PubMed:Carnitine metabolism in early stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
PubMed:Effects of L-carnitine on action potential or canine papillary muscle impaired by long chain acyl carnitine.
PubMed:4-Bromocrotonic acid, an effective inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation and ketone body degradation in rat heart mitochondria. On the rate-determining step of beta-oxidation and ketone body degradation in heart.
PubMed:[Effect of temporary occlusion of coronary artery on oxidation of fatty acids in heart mitochondria].
PubMed:Tightly coupled mitochondria from human early placenta.
PubMed:Oxidation and ketogenesis in hepatocytes of lean and obese Zucker rats.
PubMed:Effects of fatty acid intermediates on Na+-K+-ATPase activity of cardiac sarcolemma.
PubMed:A study of the distribution of acyl-CoA hydrolases and acyl-L-carnitine hydrolases in guinea-pig small intestine.
PubMed:Fatty acyl coenzyme A-sensitive adenine nucleotide transport in a reconstituted liposome system.
PubMed:Adenine nucleotide transport during cardiac ischemia.
PubMed:Inhibition of palmitoyl CoA of EDTA- and Mg2+-ATPase of heavy meromyosin from rabbit skeletal muscle.
PubMed:Lipogenesis in response to an oral glucose load in fed and starved rats.
PubMed:Uneven distribution of palmitoyl carnitine in solutions because of migration to air/water interphase.
PubMed:Control of Enzyme Activities in Cotton Cotyledons during Maturation and Germination : IV. beta-OXIDATION.
PubMed:Inhibition of myocardial lysophosphatidyl choline transacylase by palmitoyl carnitine: implications for arrhythmogenesis.
PubMed:Calcium uptake and release by rat liver mitochondria in the presence of rat liver cytosol or the components of cytosol.
PubMed:Studies on the effects of saturated and unsaturated short-chain monocarboxylic acids on the energy metabolism of rat liver mitochondria.
PubMed:[Hypotonia and convulsive encephalopathy with lipid myopathy and palmitoyl-carnitine transferase deficiency. A new entity?].
PubMed:Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, a precursor of phospholipid. Palmitoyl-CoA inhibition of the biosynthetic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in white adipocyte mitochondria by palmitoyl carnitine and citrate.
PubMed:Uptake of lysolecithin and other lysins by rat erythrocytes.
PubMed:[Induction of mitochondrial volume changes by homologous O-acyl carnitines].
PubMed:Regulation of citrate transport and pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat kidney cortex mitochondria by bicarbonate.
PubMed:Studies on inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by palmitoylcarnitine oxidation in isolated rat heart mitochondria.
PubMed:The effect of palmitoyl-coenzyme A on rat heart and liver mitochondria. Oxygen consumption and palmitoylcarnitine formation.
PubMed:Oxidation of palmitoyl-carnitine by mitochondria isolated from human term placenta.
PubMed:A new assay procedure for monoglyceride acyltransferase.
PubMed:Production and utilization of acetate in mammals.
PubMed:The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen.
PubMed:[The relationship between palmitoyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity and esterification of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate in rat liver mitochondria].
PubMed:Specific inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by 2-bromopalmitate and its coenzyme A and carnitine esters.
PubMed:[A cyce of swelling and contraction of mitochondria initiated by electron transport following L-palmitoyl carnitine administration].
PubMed:[Specific effect of L-palmitoyl carnitine on the contraction of mitochondria].
PubMed:[Influence of palmitoyl carnitine on mitochondrial ATPases].
PubMed:[Effect of DL-palmitoyl carnitine on rat heart mitochondria].
PubMed:ATP controlled acetoacetate and citrate synthesis by rat liver mitochondria oxidising palmitoyl-carnitine, and the inhibition of citrate synthase by ATP.
PubMed:[The effect of palmitoyl carnitine on adenosine triphosphatases].
PubMed:[The effect of palmitoyl carnitine on the respiration, glycolosis and growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells].
 
Notes:
a long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.
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