EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

ketoconazole
ethanone, 1-[4-[4-[[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 65277-42-1Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):72093-26-6
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:265-667-4
FDA UNII: R9400W927I
Nikkaji Web:J301.870I
Beilstein Number:4303081
MDL:MFCD00058579
XlogP3:4.30 (est)
Molecular Weight:531.43796000
Formula:C26 H28 Cl2 N4 O4
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
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Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 146.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 753.37 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 769.00 °F. TCC ( 409.40 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 4.350
Soluble in:
 water, 0.08663 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Ketoconazole 98%
American International Chemical, LLC.
KETOCONAZOLE USP
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Ketoconazole >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Ketoconazole inhibits cyclosporine oxidase and testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase with IC50 of 0.19 mM and 0.22 mM, respectively. It is used primarily to treat fungal infections.
Glentham Life Sciences
Ketoconazole
Jiangyin Healthway
Ketoconazole
New functional food ingredients
Maypro Industries
Ketoconazole
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
Ketoconazole ≥98% (HPLC)
sds
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-child TDLo 450 mg/kg/90D-
ENDOCRINE: EVIDENCE OF THYROID HYPOFUNCTION
British Medical Journal. Vol. 293, Pg. 993, 1986.

intravenous-dog LD50 23300 ug/kg
Medicamentos de Actualidad. Vol. 17, Pg. 373, 1981.

oral-dog LD50 178 mg/kg
Medicamentos de Actualidad. Vol. 17, Pg. 373, 1981.

intravenous-guinea pig LD50 23300 ug/kg
Medicamentos de Actualidad. Vol. 17, Pg. 373, 1981.

oral-guinea pig LD50 178 mg/kg
Medicamentos de Actualidad. Vol. 17, Pg. 373, 1981.

oral-man LDLo 45 mg/kg/17D-I
BEHAVIORAL: COMA LIVER: "JAUNDICE, OTHER OR UNCLASSIFIED"
Gut. Vol. 26, Pg. 636, 1986.

oral-man TDLo 49 mg/kg/17D-I
LIVER: OTHER CHANGES
Gastroenterology. Vol. 86, Pg. 503, 1984.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 2937 mg/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 18, Pg. 474, 1987.

intravenous-mouse LD50 32 mg/kg
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Vol. 33, Pg. 895, 1989.

oral-mouse LD50 618 mg/kg
Medicamentos de Actualidad. Vol. 17, Pg. 373, 1981.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 1474 mg/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 18, Pg. 474, 1987.

intravenous-rat LD50 86 mg/kg
Drugs. International Journal of Current Therapeutics and Applied Pharmacology Reviews. Vol. 23, Pg. 1, 1982.

oral-rat LD50 166 mg/kg
Medicamentos de Actualidad. Vol. 17, Pg. 373, 1981.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 > 4000 mg/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 18, Pg. 474, 1987.

subcutaneous-rat LD50 > 2400 mg/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 18, Pg. 474, 1987.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
Recommendation for ketoconazole usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for ketoconazole flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :47576
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
1-[4-[4-[[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone
Chemidplus:0065277421
RTECS:TK7912300 for cas# 65277-42-1
 
References:
 1-[4-[4-[[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):47576
Pubchem (sid):135007018
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):D00351
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB12242
FooDB:FDB028884
MedlinePlusSupp:View
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•tablets as 0.2 g; 2% solutions, ointments, and cream preparations. •trade names: candoral, cetonax, fitonal, fungarest, fungicil, fungo-hubber, fungoral, ketazol, ketoderm, ketoisdin, ketonan, ketoral, micoral, micotek, micoticum, nizoral, nizshampoo, oromycosal, oronazol, panfungol, rofenid, terzolin. •topical: cream 2% ketoconazole, (taro, teva), shampoo: 1 nizoral a-d, (mcneil), 2% nizoral, (mcneil). •oral: tablets: 200 mg ketoconazole tablets (scored), aaipharma, mutual, mylan, sidmak, pliva, taro, teva, torpharm); nizoral ( with povidone; scored), (janssen).
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1h-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)piperazine
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
1-[4-[4-[[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone
 ethanone, 1-[4-[4-[[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-
1-(4-(4-(((2S,4R)-2-((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone
(-)-ketoconazole
(2S,4R)-ketoconazole
 piperazine, (-)-1-acetyl-4-[4-[[(2S,4R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-
 

Articles:

PubMed:Liver injury associated with ketoconazole: Review of the published evidence.
PubMed:Evaluation of the effect of food and ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of the smoothened inhibitor PF-04449913 in healthy volunteers.
PubMed:Combined administration of antibiotics and direct oral anticoagulants: a renewed indication for laboratory monitoring?
PubMed:Role of CYP3A in regulating hepatic clearance and hepatotoxicity of triptolide in rat liver microsomes and sandwich-cultured hepatocytes.
PubMed:Quantitative modelling to estimate the transfer of pharmaceuticals through the food production system.
PubMed:Itraconazole and clarithromycin as ketoconazole alternatives for clinical CYP3A inhibition studies.
PubMed:Phase I dose-escalation study of 5-day intermittent oral lapatinib therapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer.
PubMed:Fungal toenail infections.
PubMed:CYP3A4 activity reduces the cytotoxic effects of okadaic acid in HepaRG cells.
PubMed:Ketoconazole in Cushing's disease: is it worth a try?
PubMed:Synthesis and synergistic, additive inhibitory effects of novel spiro derivatives against ringworm infections.
PubMed:Alogliptin: A new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PubMed:Implantation phaeohyphomycosis caused by a non-sporulating Chaetomium species.
PubMed:In vitro predictability of drug-drug interaction likelihood of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of dabigatran etexilate based on [I]2/IC50 threshold.
PubMed:Candidiasis (oropharyngeal).
PubMed:T-2 toxin is hydroxylated by chicken CYP3A37.
PubMed:Ketoconazole modulates the infectivity of Ichthyophonus sp. (Mesomycetozoa) in vivo in experimentally injected European sea bass.
PubMed:Cranberry juice ingestion and clinical drug-drug interaction potentials; review of case studies and perspectives.
PubMed:Predictive value of cell assays for developmental toxicity and embryotoxicity of conazole fungicides.
PubMed:Utility of a column-switching LC/MS/MS method in cytochrome P450 inhibition assays using human liver microsomes.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacology of axitinib.
PubMed:Skin conditions: common skin rashes in infants.
PubMed:Food-drug interactions: effect of capsaicin on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and its active metabolite in rats.
PubMed:Inhibition of CYP3A4 by 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin in human CYP3A4 over-expressed hepG2 cells.
PubMed:Uptake of oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and ketoconazole from fertilised soils by plants.
PubMed:Telaprevir: pharmacokinetics and drug interactions.
PubMed:Oral alitretinoin: a review of the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
PubMed:[The new anticoagulants - their role in secondary prevention of thromboembolism after stroke].
PubMed:Ascending single-dose study of the safety profile, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of bosutinib coadministered with ketoconazole to healthy adult subjects.
PubMed:A co-culture system of human intestinal Caco-2 cells and lymphoblastoid TK6 cells for investigating the genotoxicity of oral compounds.
PubMed:Screening for modulatory effects on steroidogenesis using the human H295R adrenocortical cell line: a metabolomics approach.
PubMed:Evaluation of the antifungal activity and modulation between Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. leaves and roots ethanolic extracts and conventional antifungals.
PubMed:Comparison of three fluorescent CYP3A substrates in two vertebrate models: pig and Atlantic salmon.
PubMed:Candidiasis (oropharyngeal).
PubMed:Tolbutamide hydroxylation by hepatic microsomes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.).
PubMed:Evaluation of exposure change of nonrenally eliminated drugs in patients with chronic kidney disease using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation.
PubMed:Enhancement of β-carotene production by over-expression of HMG-CoA reductase coupled with addition of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:A randomized, crossover, placebo- and moxifloxacin-controlled study to evaluate the effects of bosutinib (SKI-606), a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on cardiac repolarization in healthy adult subjects.
PubMed:Vilazodone: clinical basis for the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of a new antidepressant.
PubMed:Control of prostate cancer associated with withdrawal of a supplement containing folic acid, L-methyltetrahydrofolate and vitamin B12: a case report.
PubMed:Fungal toenail infections.
PubMed:Broadening horizons in medical management of prostate cancer.
PubMed:Antimicrobial properties of Quercus ilex L. proanthocyanidin dimers and simple phenolics: evaluation of their synergistic activity with conventional antimicrobials and prediction of their pharmacokinetic profile.
PubMed:Para-nitrophenol hydroxylation by fish liver microsomes: kinetics and effect of selective cytochrome P450 inhibitors.
PubMed:Hepatic cytochrome P450s attenuate the cytotoxicity induced by leflunomide and its active metabolite A77 1726 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
PubMed:Lurasidone for schizophrenia: a brief review of a new second-generation antipsychotic.
PubMed:Laser phototherapy for Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a case report.
PubMed:Comparison of the substrate kinetics of pig CYP3A29 with pig liver microsomes and human CYP3A4.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacology of dronedarone: implications for the therapy of atrial fibrillation.
PubMed:Bioequivalence study of two formulations of 100 mg capsule of itraconazole. Quantification by tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Sex differences in subacute toxicity and hepatic microsomal metabolism of triptolide in rats.
PubMed:A review of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of galantamine, a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, in healthy subjects and patients.
PubMed:Seborrhoeic dermatitis.
PubMed:Prescriber compliance with black box warnings in older adult patients.
PubMed:Justification for the use of Ocimum gratissimum L in herbal medicine and its interaction with disc antibiotics.
PubMed:Estimation of intragastric drug solubility in the fed state: comparison of various media with data in aspirates.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of solifenacin.
PubMed:PCOS.
PubMed:The H2 receptor antagonist nizatidine is a P-glycoprotein substrate: characterization of its intestinal epithelial cell efflux transport.
PubMed:Assessing the efficiency of mixed effects modelling in quantifying metabolism based drug-drug interactions: using in vitro data as an aid to assess study power.
PubMed:Postprandial changes in solubilizing capacity of human intestinal fluids for BCS class II drugs.
PubMed:Validation of cytochrome P450 time-dependent inhibition assays: a two-time point IC50 shift approach facilitates kinact assay design.
PubMed:The need for multiple doses of 400 mg ketoconazole as a precipitant inhibitor of a CYP3A substrate in an in vivo drug-drug interaction study.
PubMed:Quantitative evaluation of pharmacokinetic inhibition of CYP3A substrates by ketoconazole: a simulation study.
PubMed:CYP1A1 induction and CYP3A4 inhibition by the fungicide imazalil in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells-comparison with other conazole pesticides.
PubMed:Validation and application of Caco-2 assays for the in vitro evaluation of development candidate drugs as substrates or inhibitors of P-glycoprotein to support regulatory submissions.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of darunavir/ritonavir and ketoconazole following co-administration in HIV-healthy volunteers.
PubMed:Fungal toenail infections.
PubMed:Endocrine-disrupting properties in vivo of widely used azole fungicides.
PubMed:1H NMR monitoring of the canine metabolic profile after oral administration of xenobiotics using multivariate statistics.
PubMed:Seborrhoeic dermatitis.
PubMed:Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles.
PubMed:Human adrenocarcinoma (H295R) cells for rapid in vitro determination of effects on steroidogenesis: hormone production.
PubMed:The H295R system for evaluation of endocrine-disrupting effects.
PubMed:Canine intestinal contents vs. simulated media for the assessment of solubility of two weak bases in the human small intestinal contents.
PubMed:Repeated 28-day oral toxicity study of ketoconazole in rats based on the draft protocol for the "Enhanced OECD Test Guideline No. 407" to detect endocrine effects.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of ranolazine.
PubMed:The clinical pharmacokinetics of darifenacin.
PubMed:Secondary hormonal therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of telithromycin: application to dosing in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of telithromycin, the first ketolide antibacterial.
PubMed:pH-dependent dissolution in vitro and absorption in vivo of weakly basic drugs: development of a canine model.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of almotriptan, a serotonin 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist for the treatment of migraine.
PubMed:Exposure-response relationships and drug interactions of sirolimus.
PubMed:Population-based case-control study of oral ketoconazole treatment for birth outcomes.
PubMed:Intestinal metabolism of PAH: in vitro demonstration and study of its impact on PAH transfer through the intestinal epithelium.
PubMed:Effect of fruit juices on the oral bioavailability of fexofenadine in rats.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacology of bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist.
PubMed:Extended-release alfuzosin hydrochloride: a new alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.
PubMed:The systemic treatment of onychomycosis.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of budesonide (Entocort EC) capsules for Crohn's disease.
PubMed:CYP3A induction aggravates endotoxemic liver injury via reactive oxygen species in male rats.
PubMed:Comparative efficacies of oral ketoconazole and terbinafine for reducing Malassezia population sizes on the skin of Basset Hounds.
PubMed:Desloratadine: A preclinical and clinical overview.
PubMed:Expression of the human CYP3A4 gene in the small intestine of transgenic mice: in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetics of midazolam.
PubMed:Lopinavir/ritonavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection.
PubMed:Determination of clotrimazole in mice plasma by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic pharmacodynamics of artemether-lumefantrine (Riamet) with concomitant administration of ketoconazole in healthy subjects.
PubMed:Rabeprazole: pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic drug interactions.
PubMed:Atopic dermatitis and fungi.
PubMed:Application of modeling and simulation to integrate clinical pharmacology knowledge across a new drug application.
PubMed:Dietary sesame seed and its lignans inhibit 2,7,8-trimethyl- 2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman excretion into urine of rats fed gamma-tocopherol.
PubMed:Lack of CYP3A4 inhibition by grapefruit juice and ketoconazole upon clozapine administration in vivo.
PubMed:Ketoconazole suppresses food restriction-induced increases in heroin self-administration in rats: sex differences.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: an atypical antipsychotic.
PubMed:Pharmacology and clinical efficacy of desloratadine as an anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drug.
PubMed:Effects of ketoconazole on the acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration under different feeding conditions in rats.
PubMed:Desloratadine: A new, nonsedating, oral antihistamine.
PubMed:The pharmacologic profile of desloratadine: a review.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of reboxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of patients with depression.
PubMed:Oral griseofulvin remains the treatment of choice for tinea capitis in children.
PubMed:Ketoconazole reduces low dose cocaine self-administration in rats.
PubMed:Drug interactions with cisapride: clinical implications.
PubMed:Cardiac effects of ebastine and other antihistamines in humans.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of metabolism-based drug interactions with alprazolam, midazolam, and triazolam.
PubMed:Chlorzoxazone, a selective probe for phenotyping CYP2E1 in humans.
PubMed:Ketoconazole blocks the stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats: relationship to the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine.
PubMed:Ritonavir. Clinical pharmacokinetics and interactions with other anti-HIV agents.
PubMed:Predicting drug interactions in vivo from experiments in vitro. Human studies with paclitaxel and ketoconazole.
PubMed:Reduction of oxysterol levels up-regulates HMG-CoA reductase activity in rat liver.
PubMed:A neuroendocrine role in cocaine reinforcement.
PubMed:Selective biotransformation of the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor saquinavir by human small-intestinal cytochrome P4503A4: potential contribution to high first-pass metabolism.
PubMed:Temporal decline in filling prescriptions for terfenadine closely in time with those for either ketoconazole or erythromycin.
PubMed:Update on the management of onychomycosis: highlights of the Third Annual International Summit on Cutaneous Antifungal Therapy.
PubMed:Diagnosis and treatment of tinea versicolor.
PubMed:Coprescription of terfenadine and erythromycin or ketaconazole: an assessment of potential harm.
PubMed:How 'bout that ritonavir?
PubMed:Post-antibiotic effect and post-expositional polyene antagonism of azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans: dependence on substance lipophilia.
PubMed:Innovative treatment approaches for rheumatoid arthritis. Cyclosporin, leflunomide and nitrogen mustard.
PubMed:Plasma concentrations of triazolam are increased by concomitant ingestion of grapefruit juice.
PubMed:Similarity of metabolism for CAI (NSC 609974) in human liver tissue in vitro and in humans in vivo
PubMed:The systemic treatment of onychomycosis.
PubMed:Metabolism of taxol by human and rat liver in vitro: a screen for drug interactions and interspecies differences.
PubMed:Metabolism of taxol by human hepatic microsomes and liver slices: participation of cytochrome P450 3A4 and an unknown P450 enzyme.
PubMed:Effect of cimetidine, probenecid, and ketoconazole on the distribution, biliary secretion, and metabolism of [3H]taxol in the Sprague-Dawley rat.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetic optimisation of oral antifungal therapy.
PubMed:Is QT interval prolongation harmful? A regulatory perspective.
PubMed:A banner year for AIDS therapy.
PubMed:Food interaction and steady-state pharmacokinetics of itraconazole capsules in healthy male volunteers.
PubMed:Resolution of generalized dermatophytosis without treatment in dogs.
PubMed:Special drug communication teleconference. August 7, 1992.
PubMed:Drug interactions: part II.
PubMed:Is there a role for fluconazole in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis?
PubMed:Ketoconazole for treatment of dermatophytosis in cats.
PubMed:Ketoconazole hepatotoxicity in a patient treated for environmental illness and systemic candidiasis.
PubMed:Impaired intestinal function in symptomatic HIV infection.
PubMed:Azoles and AIDS.
PubMed:Amphotericin-resistant aspergillus osteomyelitis controlled by itraconazole.
PubMed:Diseases and drugs but not food decrease ketoconazole 'bioavailability'.
PubMed:The effects of food and dose on the oral systemic availability of itraconazole in healthy subjects.
PubMed:[Prevention of bacterial infections after bone marrow graft by broad-spectrum oral antibiotics, absorbable (pefloxacin, penicillin) and non absorbable (cephalosporin, gentamycin, bacitracin)].
PubMed:Effect of food and gastric acidity on absorption of orally administered ketoconazole.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole.
PubMed:Effects of ketoconazole on cholesterol synthesis and precursor concentrations in the rat liver.
PubMed:The influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of itraconazole in patients with superficial fungal infection.
PubMed:Trichosporonosis in patients with neoplastic disease.
PubMed:Pharmacologic review: a review of the literature of ketoconazole therapy in the treatment of tinea pedis and onychomycosis.
PubMed:Hepatic injury associated with ketoconazole therapy. Analysis of 33 cases.
PubMed:Influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole.
PubMed:Multiple dose pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole and their effects on antipyrine kinetics in man.
PubMed:Ketoconazole.
PubMed:Prophylaxis of fungal infections in neutropenic cancer patients.
PubMed:Hepatotoxic potential of ketoconazole under investigation.
PubMed:Impairing effect of food on ketoconazole absorption.
PubMed:Ketoconazole versus nystatin plus amphotericin B for fungal prophylaxis in severely immunocompromised patients.
 
Notes:
broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Ketoconazole (pronounced /ˌkiːtoʊˈkoʊnəzoʊl/) is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat skin and fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. Ketoconazole is sold commercially as an anti-dandruff shampoo. Ketoconazole is very lipophilic, which leads to accumulation in fatty tissues. The less toxic and more effective triazole compounds fluconazole and itraconazole have largely replaced ketoconazole for internal use. Ketoconazole is best absorbed at highly acidic levels, so antacids or other causes of decreased stomach acid levels will lower the drug's absorption when taken orally. -Wikipedia [HMDB]
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