EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

trehalose
a-D-glucopyranose, O-a-D-glucopyranosyl

Supplier Sponsors

Name:(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number: 99-20-7Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):229966-89-6
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:202-739-6
FDA UNII: B8WCK70T7I
Nikkaji Web:J4.965D
MDL:MFCD00006628
XlogP3-AA:-4.20 (est)
Molecular Weight:342.29854000
Formula:C12 H22 O11
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:food additive and cosmetic agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
GRN 45 Trehalose View - notice PDF
GRN 699 Trehalase from Myceliophthora sepedonium produced by Aspergillus niger View - notice PDF
GRN 727 Trehalase from Trichoderma reesei produced in Trichoderma reesei View - notice PDF
GRN 912 Trehalose View - notice PDF
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 203.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 675.38 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 684.00 °F. TCC ( 362.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -3.931 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: humectants
moisturising agents
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
D-Trehalose 98%
Anhui Haibei
D-Trehalose anhydrous
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Trehalose
Carbosynth
For experimental / research use only.
a,a-D-Trehalose anhydrous
Cargill, Inc.
Treha® trehalose
Flavor: characteristic
Trehalose, like Maltose, is 45% as sweet as sugar. Trehalose does not brown like sugar, and has very low hygroscopicity (moisture attraction), so it stays free flowing and dry. It works well as a protein stabilization addition (beverage, surimi). Trehalose is used in foods as a sweetener, a stabilizer and thickener, and a flavor enhancer. Trehalose is also used as a cryopreservation additive, where it protects cells from the effects of freezing and drying.
EMD Millipore
For experimental / research use only.
Trehalose
sds
Glentham Life Sciences
D-(+)-Trehalose, anhydrous
Indis NV
For experimental / research use only.
Trehalose
Jiangyin Healthway
Trehalose
New functional food ingredients
Penta International
D-TREHALOSE ANHYDROUS
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
D-(+)-Trehalose Anhydrous >98.0%(GC)
sds
United International
D-Trehalose Nat.
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
food additive and cosmetic agents
Recommendation for trehalose usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for trehalose flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):99-20-7
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7427
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
Chemidplus:0000099207
 
References:
 (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:99-20-7
Pubchem (cid):7427
Pubchem (sid):134971608
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
Metabolomics Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C01083
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB00975
FooDB:FDB001114
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00008
Export Tariff Code:2940.00.6000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 melon bitter melon seed
Search Trop Picture
 solanum lycopersicum
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
 ergot sugar
a-D-glucopyranose, O-a-D-glucopyranosyl
a-D-glucopyranoside, a-D-glucopyranosyl
a-D-glucopyranosyl a-D-glucopyranoside
a-D-glucopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranoside
(a-D-glucosido)-a-D-glucoside
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
 mycose
 trehalase from myceliophthora sepedonium produced by aspergillus niger
 trehalase from trichoderma reesei produced in trichoderma reesei
a-D-trehalose
D-trehalose
D-(+)-trehalose
D-trehalose-anhydrous
 

Articles:

Google Patents:Trehalose and suppression of off-flavors notes
PubMed:Clostridium swellfunianum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production.
PubMed:Comprehensive proteome analysis of the response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to the flavor compound vanillin.
PubMed:The complete genome of Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA1, a hardy actinobacterium with food and probiotic applications.
PubMed:Stability of high cell density brewery fermentations during serial repitching.
PubMed:Physiological characterization of brewer's yeast in high-gravity beer fermentations with glucose or maltose syrups as adjuncts.
PubMed:Influence of aeration during propagation of pitching yeast on fermentation and beer flavor.
PubMed:Clostridium swellfunianum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from the pit mud of Chinese Luzhou-flavor liquor production.
PubMed:Comprehensive proteome analysis of the response of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to the flavor compound vanillin.
PubMed:Phytochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of the cladodes of Opuntia macrorhiza (Engelm.) and Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.).
PubMed:Trehalase regulates neuroepithelial stem cell maintenance and differentiation in the Drosophila optic lobe.
PubMed:Molybdate partly mimics insulin-promoted metabolic effects in Drosophila melanogaster.
PubMed:Drosophila insulin-producing cells are differentially modulated by serotonin and octopamine receptors and affect social behavior.
PubMed:The effect of thyme and tea tree oils on morphology and metabolism of Candida albicans.
PubMed:Additional nitrogen fertilization at heading time of rice down-regulates cellulose synthesis in seed endosperm.
PubMed:Adaptive Evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Enhanced Ethanol Tolerance for Chinese Rice Wine Fermentation.
PubMed:Electrospun water-soluble polymer nanofibers for the dehydration and storage of sensitive reagents.
PubMed:Study on chemical, bioactive and food preserving properties of Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr.
PubMed:Cryoprotective effect of trehalose on washed chicken meat.
PubMed:Effect of trehalose on Lateolabrax japonicus myofibrillar protein during frozen storage.
PubMed:Trehalose solution protects mesothelium and reduces bowel adhesions.
PubMed:One-step Real-time Food Quality Analysis by Simultaneous DSC-FTIR Microspectroscopy.
PubMed:Glycerol Monomycolate Is a Novel Ligand for the Human, but Not Mouse Macrophage Inducible C-type Lectin, Mincle.
PubMed:Simple assay of trehalose in industrial yeast.
PubMed:Sensitivity and feeding efficiency of the black garden ant Lasius niger to sugar resources.
PubMed:The improved resistance to high salinity induced by trehalose is associated with ionic regulation and osmotic adjustment in Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Freeze-drying of ovalbumin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle vaccine formulation increases antigen stability under ambient conditions.
PubMed:Can trehalose prevent neurodegeneration? Insights from experimental studies.
PubMed:Identification of substrate-binding and selectivity-related residues of maltooligosyltrehalose synthase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092.
PubMed:Homology modeling and function of trehalose synthase from Pseudomonas putida P06.
PubMed:Stress in Phycomyces blakesleeanus by glucose starvation and acetate growth: Response of the antioxidant system and reserve carbohydrates.
PubMed:Effect of trehalose addition on volatiles responsible for strawberry aroma.
PubMed:Enzymatic and regulatory properties of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum.
PubMed:Preparation of Phi29 DNA polymerase free of amplifiable DNA using ethidium monoazide, an ultraviolet-free light-emitting diode lamp and trehalose.
PubMed:The relationship of freeze tolerance with intracellular compounds in baker's yeasts.
PubMed:Effects of sugar addition on total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of frozen and freeze-dried apple purée.
PubMed:Understanding and manipulating sucrose phloem loading, unloading, metabolism, and signalling to enhance crop yield and food security.
PubMed:Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice.
PubMed:Effects of different culture conditions on biological potential and metabolites production in three Penicillium isolates.
PubMed:Microbiological Characteristics of Wild Yeast Strain Pichia anomala Y197-13 for Brewing Makgeolli.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of a novel trehalose synthase gene derived from saline-alkali soil metagenomes.
PubMed:Metabolic differentiation of diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella (L.)) resistance in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. ssp. capitata).
PubMed:Effect of sugar composition on the water sorption and softening properties of cookie.
PubMed:Mechanical properties and microstructure of frozen carrots during storage as affected by blanching in water and sugar solutions.
PubMed:Multidisciplinary approach to study the effect of water status and mobility on the activity of peroxidase in solutions.
PubMed:Non-volatile taste components of several cultivated mushrooms.
PubMed:Synthesis of nucleotide sugars and α-galacto-oligosaccharides by recombinant Escherichia coli cells with trehalose substrate.
PubMed:[Response of Nostoc flageliforme cell to Cu2+, Cr2+ and Pb2+ stress].
PubMed:The methanolic extract of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link fruiting body shows antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antihuman tumor cell lines properties.
PubMed:Yield and nutritional content of Pleurotus sajor caju on wheat straw supplemented with raw and detoxified mahua cake.
PubMed:Fungal spores for dispersion in space and time.
PubMed:Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens.
PubMed:Genome Sequence of Thermus thermophilus ATCC 33923, a Thermostable Trehalose-Producing Strain.
PubMed:A functional glycogen biosynthesis pathway in Lactobacillus acidophilus: expression and analysis of the glg operon.
PubMed:Relationship between ethanol and oxidative stress in laboratory and brewing yeast strains.
PubMed:Metabolic effect of an exogenous gene on transgenic Beauveria bassiana using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.
PubMed:Reversible and non-reversible thermal denaturation of lysozyme with varying pH at low ionic strength.
PubMed:Considerations on the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in food products.
PubMed:Effects of the polyhistidine tag on kinetics and other properties of trehalose synthase from Deinococcus geothermalis.
PubMed:Effects of carbohydrates on the oNPG converting activity of β-galactosidases.
PubMed:A novel strategy for enhancing extracellular secretion of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Sex differences in body composition, fat storage, and gene expression profile in Caenorhabditis elegans in response to dietary restriction.
PubMed:Citeromyces nyonsensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from black olive brine.
PubMed:dMyc expression in the fat body affects DILP2 release and increases the expression of the fat desaturase Desat1 resulting in organismal growth.
PubMed:Pectinatus sottacetonis sp. nov., isolated from a commercial pickle spoilage tank.
PubMed:Factors influencing the stability of freeze-dried stress-resilient and stress-sensitive strains of bifidobacteria.
PubMed:Riboflavin laurate nanosuspensions as an intramuscular injection for long-term riboflavin supplementation.
PubMed:Evaluation of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) health during a superintensive aquaculture growout using NMR-based metabolomics.
PubMed:Coupling reactions of trehalose synthase from Pyrococcus horikoshii: cost-effective synthesis and anti-adhesive activity of α-galactosyl oligosaccharides using a one-pot three-enzyme system with trehalose.
PubMed:Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the inhibitory effects of maltose, glucose, and related carbohydrates on wheat β-amylase.
PubMed:Direct evidence for hydrogen bonding in glycans: a combined NMR and molecular dynamics study.
PubMed:Sequencing and comparative analysis of the straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) genome.
PubMed:Biomarkers for detecting nitrogen deficiency during alcoholic fermentation in different commercial wine yeast strains.
PubMed:Inhibition of angiogenesis and invasion by DMBT is mediated by downregulation of VEGF and MMP-9 through Akt pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
PubMed:Systems metabolic engineering of xylose-utilizing Corynebacterium glutamicum for production of 1,5-diaminopentane.
PubMed:Integrated biocatalytic process for trehalose production and separation from rice hydrolysate using a bioreactor system.
PubMed:Double interface formulation for improved α-tocopherol stabilisation in dehydration of emulsions.
PubMed:Simple, fast, and efficient process for producing and purifying trehalulose.
PubMed:Effect of trehalose on the biocontrol efficacy of Pichia caribbica against post-harvest grey mould and blue mould decay of apples.
PubMed:Trends in bacterial trehalose metabolism and significant nodes of metabolic pathway in the direction of trehalose accumulation.
PubMed:Transcriptomic analysis of Salmonella desiccation resistance.
PubMed:Canthaxanthin production with modified Mucor circinelloides strains.
PubMed:Cryopreservation of rabbit semen: comparing the effects of different cryoprotectants, cryoprotectant-free vitrification, and the use of albumin plus osmoprotectants on sperm survival and fertility after standard vapor freezing and vitrification.
PubMed:Stability evaluation of freeze-dried Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerance and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in oral capsules.
PubMed:A review of chemical composition and nutritional value of wild-growing and cultivated mushrooms.
PubMed:Multiple toxicity studies of trehalose in mice by intragastric administration.
PubMed:Streptococcus danieliae sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the caecum of a mouse.
PubMed:Structural investigation of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the fruit bodies of Coprinus comatus.
PubMed:Properties of recombinant trehalose synthase from Deinococcus radiodurans expressed in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Microencapsulation of conjugated linolenic acid-rich pomegranate seed oil by an emulsion method.
PubMed:Persistence of Salmonella enterica during dehydration and subsequent cold storage.
PubMed:Sex differences in carbohydrate metabolism are linked to gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans.
PubMed:Novel method for enumeration of viable Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 cells after single-droplet drying.
PubMed:Evaluation of the relevance of the glassy state as stability criterion for freeze-dried bacteria by application of the Arrhenius and WLF model.
PubMed:Engineering the acceptor specificity of trehalose phosphorylase for the production of trehalose analogs.
PubMed:The tropical white rot fungus, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont.: lignocellulolytic enzymes activities and sugar release from cornstalks under solid state fermentation.
PubMed:Stability of α-tocopherol in freeze-dried sugar-protein-oil emulsion solids as affected by water plasticization and sugar crystallization.
PubMed:Time reduction of vitamin B(6) and inositol assay by using lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9080.
PubMed:Gustatory perception and fat body energy metabolism are jointly affected by vitellogenin and juvenile hormone in honey bees.
PubMed:Alteration of carbohydrates metabolism and midgut glucose absorption in Gromphadorhina portentosa after subchronic exposure to imidacloprid and fenitrothion.
PubMed:Freeze-thaw stability of duck surimi-like materials with different cryoprotectants added.
PubMed:Knockdown of the adipokinetic hormone receptor increases feeding frequency in the two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.
PubMed:Strategy for stable and high-level expression of recombinant trehalose synthase in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist, Candida oleophila, with glycine betaine increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds.
PubMed:Improved trehalose production from biodiesel waste using parent and osmotically sensitive mutant of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii under aerobic conditions.
PubMed:Phenolic, polysaccharidic, and lipidic fractions of mushrooms from northeastern Portugal: chemical compounds with antioxidant properties.
PubMed:Enhancement of Biocontrol Efficacy of Pichia carribbica to Postharvest Diseases of Strawberries by Addition of Trehalose to the Growth Medium.
PubMed:Effect of pulsed electric fields on the activity of neutral trehalase from beer yeast and RSM analysis.
PubMed:Study on the electro-transformation conditions of improving transformation efficiency for Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:Formulation of a mmaA4 gene deletion mutant of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in cationic liposomes significantly enhances protection against tuberculosis.
PubMed:Forestry alters foraging efficiency and crop contents of aphid-tending red wood ants, Formica aquilonia.
PubMed:Optimization of β-casein stabilized nanoemulsions using experimental mixture design.
PubMed:Toward the antioxidant and chemical characterization of mycorrhizal mushrooms from northeast Portugal.
PubMed:Characterization of carbohydrate-protein matrices for nutrient delivery.
PubMed:Characterization of UDP-glucose 4-epimerase from Pyrococcus horikoshii: regeneration of UDP to produce UDP-galactose using two-enzyme system with trehalose.
PubMed:Biological denitrification of brine: the effect of compatible solutes on enzyme activities and fatty acid degradation.
PubMed:Simultaneous accumulation of proline and trehalose in industrial baker's yeast enhances fermentation ability in frozen dough.
PubMed:Stabilization of bovine intestine alkaline phosphatase by sugars.
PubMed:Stability and plasticizing and crystallization effects of vitamins in amorphous sugar systems.
PubMed:Determination of carbohydrates by high performance anion chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection in mushrooms.
PubMed:Evolution of starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster: measurement of direct and correlated responses to artificial selection.
PubMed:The SigB σ factor regulates multiple salt acclimation responses of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
PubMed:Adaptive stress response to menadione-induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377.
PubMed:Lactobacillus brantae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis).
PubMed:Oxidative stability of unsaturated monoacyl trehalose in aqueous solution.
PubMed:Starvation resistance and effects of diet on energy reserves in a predatory ground beetle (Merizodus soledadinus; Carabidae) invading the Kerguelen Islands.
PubMed:Increased thermal and osmotic stress resistance in Listeria monocytogenes 568 grown in the presence of trehalose due to inactivation of the phosphotrehalase-encoding gene treA.
PubMed:Discovery of nigerose phosphorylase from Clostridium phytofermentans.
PubMed:High hatching rates after cryopreservation of hydrated cysts of the brine shrimp A. franciscana.
PubMed:Cryopreservation of scalps of Malaysian bananas using a pre-growth method.
PubMed:Taste-independent detection of the caloric content of sugar in Drosophila.
PubMed:Trehalose: an intriguing disaccharide with potential for medical application in ophthalmology.
PubMed:Effects of cryoprotectants on viability of Lactobacillus reuteri CICC6226.
PubMed:New insights into physiology and metabolism of Propionibacterium freudenreichii.
PubMed:Effect of blanching in water and sugar solutions on texture and microstructure of sliced carrots.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of barosensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtained by UV mutagenesis.
PubMed:Engineering trehalose synthesis in Lactococcus lactis for improved stress tolerance.
PubMed:Activation of dormant secondary metabolism neotrehalosadiamine synthesis by an RNA polymerase mutation in Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:Amorphous trehalose dihydrate by cryogenic milling.
PubMed:Population size drives industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcoholic fermentation and is under genetic control.
PubMed:Trehalose: current use and future applications.
PubMed:The aggregative stability of β-lactoglobulin in glassy mixtures with sucrose, trehalose and dextran.
PubMed:A modified electro-transformation method for Bacillus subtilis and its application in the production of antimicrobial lipopeptides.
PubMed:Improving the storage stability of Bifidobacterium breve in low pH fruit juice.
PubMed:Carbohydrate synthesis by disaccharide phosphorylases: reactions, catalytic mechanisms and application in the glycosciences.
PubMed:The food additives inulin and stevioside counteract oxidative stress.
PubMed:Ecotoxicology, ecophysiology, and mechanistic studies with rotifers.
PubMed:Go α is involved in sugar perception in Drosophila.
PubMed:Characterization of the rate of thermally-induced aggregation of β-lactoglobulin and its trehalose mixtures in the glass state.
PubMed:Effect of water activity on stress tolerance and biocontrol activity in antagonistic yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria strains with ornithine producing capacity from natural sea salt.
PubMed:Comparisons of early transcriptome responses to low-oxygen environments in three dicotyledonous plant species.
PubMed:The complete genome of Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA1, a hardy actinobacterium with food and probiotic applications.
PubMed:The use of dynamic vapour sorption methods for the characterisation of water uptake in amorphous trehalose.
PubMed:Biosynthesis of compatible solutes in rhizobial strains isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris nodules in Tunisian fields.
PubMed:Oleic acid and ergosterol supplementation mitigates oxidative stress in wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Bovine oocyte vitrification using the Cryotop method: effect of cumulus cells and vitrification protocol on survival and subsequent development.
PubMed:A switch in the control of growth of the wing imaginal disks of Manduca sexta.
PubMed:Amorphization of sugar hydrates upon milling.
PubMed:Ingredients and pH are key to clear beverages that contain whey protein.
PubMed:Development of a stabilizer for lyophilization of an attenuated duck viral hepatitis vaccine.
PubMed:Expression of the mu opioid receptor in Drosophila and its effects on trehalose and glycogen when expressed by the AKH neuroendocrine cells.
PubMed:Stability of hydroperoxide lyase activity from Amaranthus tricolor (Amaranthus mangostanus L.) leaves: influence of selected additives.
PubMed:Investigation of possible horizontal gene transfer from transgenic rice to soil microorganisms in paddy rice field.
PubMed:Simultaneous production of trehalose, bioethanol, and high-protein product from rice by an enzymatic process.
PubMed:Use of an alarm pheromone against ants for gaining access to aphid/scale prey by the red velvet mite Balaustium sp. (Erythraeidae) in a honeydew-rich environment.
PubMed:[Trehala, a meeting point between zoology, botany, chemistry, and biochemistry].
PubMed:Glass transition and time-dependent crystallization behavior of dehydration bioprotectant sugars.
PubMed:Gbb/BMP signaling is required to maintain energy homeostasis in Drosophila.
PubMed:Thermal stability of alpha-amylase in aqueous cosolvent systems.
PubMed:NMR metabolic profiling of transgenic maize with the Cry1Ab gene.
PubMed:Trichomonascus apis sp. nov., a heterothallic yeast species from honeycomb.
PubMed:Stress-tolerance of baker's-yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells: stress-protective molecules and genes involved in stress tolerance.
PubMed:Retraction: Oxidative stability of unsaturated monoacyl trehalose in aqueous solution.
PubMed:Phenotypic variation in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolates derived from intestinal tracts of marine and freshwater fish.
PubMed:Oxidative stability of unsaturated monoacyl trehalose in aqueous solution.
PubMed:Effect of culture medium and cryoprotectants on the growth and survival of probiotic lactobacilli during freeze drying.
PubMed:Technological and functional applications of low-calorie sweeteners from lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:[Promissing role of probiotics in prevention of smoking-related diseases].
PubMed:Acute effects of low insulinemic sweeteners on postprandial insulin and glucose concentrations in obese men.
PubMed:Effects of ice-seeding temperature and intracellular trehalose contents on survival of frozen Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
PubMed:Novel gene regulation mediated by overproduction of secondary metabolite neotrehalosadiamine in Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:Isolation and analysis of differentially expressed genes in Penicillium glabrum subjected to thermal stress.
PubMed:Trehalose biosynthesis in response to abiotic stresses.
PubMed:Purification, characterization, and solvent-induced thermal stabilization of ficin from Ficus carica.
PubMed:Effect ofLentinus edodes on the growth of intestinal lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:Molecular processes underlying the floral transition in the soybean shoot apical meristem.
PubMed:Decreasing Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) food contamination level with bacteriophages: prospects and problems.
PubMed:Biocatalysis for the production of industrial products and functional foods from rice and other agricultural produce.
PubMed:Gustatory synergism in ants mediates a species-specific symbiosis with lycaenid butterflies.
PubMed:Construction, assembling and application of a trehalase-GOD enzyme electrode system.
PubMed:Trehalose and trehalose-based polymers for environmentally benign, biocompatible and bioactive materials.
PubMed:Relatedness of medically important strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as revealed by phylogenetics and metabolomics.
PubMed:Identification of the essential catalytic residues and selectivity-related residues of maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092.
PubMed:Transposition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty1 retrotransposon is activated by improper cryopreservation.
PubMed:Metabolic and genetic perturbations accompany the modification of galactomannan in seeds of Medicago truncatula expressing mannan synthase from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.).
PubMed:State transitions and physicochemical aspects of cryoprotection and stabilization in freeze-drying of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG).
PubMed:Development of ascorbyl palmitate nanocrystals applying the nanosuspension technology.
PubMed:Influence of aeration during propagation of pitching yeast on fermentation and beer flavor.
PubMed:Volume recovery, surface properties and membrane integrity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus dehydrated in the presence of trehalose or sucrose.
PubMed:Effect of protective agents on the viability of geotrichum candidum during freeze-drying and storage.
PubMed:Modelling the freezing response of baker's yeast prestressed cells: a statistical approach.
PubMed:Haemolymph sugar levels in a nectar-feeding ant: dependence on metabolic expenditure and carbohydrate deprivation.
PubMed:Functional genomics of commercial baker's yeasts that have different abilities for sugar utilization and high-sucrose tolerance under different sugar conditions.
PubMed:The Drosophila ARC homolog regulates behavioral responses to starvation.
PubMed:Effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides and trehalose on growth and production of bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:How do trehalose, maltose, and sucrose influence some structural and dynamical properties of lysozyme? Insight from molecular dynamics simulations.
PubMed:Lactobacillus ghanensis sp. nov., a motile lactic acid bacterium isolated from Ghanaian cocoa fermentations.
PubMed:Effects of larval host plants on over-wintering preparedness and survival of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
PubMed:[Biotechnology].
PubMed:Protein engineering of Sulfolobus solfataricus maltooligosyltrehalose synthase to alter its selectivity.
PubMed:TreX from Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092 displays isoamylase and 4-alpha-glucanotransferase activities.
PubMed:Optimising the viability during storage of freeze-dried cell preparations of Campylobacter jejuni.
PubMed:Evaluation of enhanced hygroscopicity, bifidogenicity, and anticariogenicity of enzymatically synthesized beta-galactosyl-trehalose oligosaccharides.
PubMed:Mutagenic effect of freezing on mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Effect of intracellular trehalose in Cryptococcus laurentii and exogenous lyoprotectants on its viability and biocontrol efficacy on Penicillium expansum in apple fruit.
PubMed:Role of the C-terminal domain of Thermus thermophilus trehalose synthase in the thermophilicity, thermostability, and efficient production of trehalose.
PubMed:Increasing survival and efficacy of a bacterial biocontrol agent of fire blight of rosaceous plants by means of osmoadaptation.
PubMed:Molecular adaptation strategies to high temperature and thermal denaturation mechanism of the D-trehalose/D-maltose-binding protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis.
PubMed:Polyphenol oxidase from yacon roots (Smallanthus sonchifolius).
PubMed:Effect of sugars and growth media on the dehydration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus.
PubMed:Biochemical characterization of rice trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases supports distinctive functions of these plant enzymes.
PubMed:Construction of a recombinant thermostable beta-amylase-trehalose synthase bifunctional enzyme for facilitating the conversion of starch to trehalose.
PubMed:Influence of preserved brewing yeast strains on fermentation behavior and flocculation capacity.
PubMed:Proteome changes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots upon exposure to Cd2+.
PubMed:Glucose uptake pathway-specific regulation of synthesis of neotrehalosadiamine, a novel autoinducer produced in Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:Metabolomic discrimination of different grades of pine-mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) using 1H NMR spectrometry and multivariate data analysis.
PubMed:Expression, purification, and characterization of the maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092.
PubMed:Gene cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of a recombinant trehalose synthase from Picrophilus torridus in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Trehalose and hyaluronic acid coordinately stabilized freeze-dried pancreatic kininogenase.
PubMed:[Isolation and identification of a bacterial strain JS018 capable of degrading several kinds of organophosphate pesticides].
PubMed:Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in ALS: a systematic assessment.
PubMed:Effect of tetrasodium tripolyphosphate on the freeze-concentrated glass-like transition temperature of sugar aqueous solutions.
PubMed:Mutations on aromatic residues of the active site to alter selectivity of the Sulfolobus solfataricus maltooligosyltrehalose synthase.
PubMed:Genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that are involved in high-pressure resistance.
PubMed:Effects of trehalose on stress tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of Cryptococcus laurentii.
PubMed:Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for trehalose overproduction: role of the TreYZ trehalose biosynthetic pathway.
PubMed:Optimization of in vitro transcription and full-length cDNA synthesis using the T4 bacteriophage gene 32 protein.
PubMed:Survival of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala after long-term storage in liquid formulations at different temperatures, assessed by flow cytometry.
PubMed:Crystallization inhibition of an amorphous sucrose system using raffinose.
PubMed:The effect of thermal history on the maillard reaction in a glassy matrix.
PubMed:Effects of Ionic and Osmotic Strength on the Glucosyltransferase of Rhizobium meliloti Responsible for Cyclic beta-(1,2)-Glucan Biosynthesis.
PubMed:Sugar convertibility in the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
PubMed:Direct competitive ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody for detection of aflatoxin B1. Stabilization of ELISA kit components and application to grain samples.
PubMed:Intracellular physiological events of yeast Rhodotorula glutinis during storage at +4 degrees C.
PubMed:Synthesis of linoleoyl disaccharides through lipase-catalyzed condensation and their surface activities.
PubMed:A molecular dynamics study of the response of lipid bilayers and monolayers to trehalose.
PubMed:Gene discovery in the Acanthamoeba castellanii genome.
PubMed:Raman spectroscopic study of Lactarius spores (Russulales, Fungi).
PubMed:Osmotically induced trehalose and glycine betaine accumulation improves tolerance to desiccation, survival and efficacy of the postharvest biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans EPS125.
PubMed:Heterologous expression of Escherichia coli ppsA (phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase) and galU (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum, and its impact on trehalose synthesis.
PubMed:Comparative investigation by two analytical approaches of enthalpy relaxation for glassy glucose, sucrose, maltose, and trehalose.
PubMed:Octanol-water partition coefficient of glucose, sucrose, and trehalose.
PubMed:A novel trehalose-synthesizing glycosyltransferase from Pyrococcus horikoshii: molecular cloning and characterization.
PubMed:Nutrition interacts with parasitism to influence growth and physiology of the insect Manduca sexta L.
PubMed:Interaction between trehalose and alkaline-earth metal ions.
PubMed:Preservation mechanisms of trehalose in food and biosystems.
PubMed:Maillard reaction rate in various glassy matrices.
PubMed:AKH-producing neuroendocrine cell ablation decreases trehalose and induces behavioral changes in Drosophila.
PubMed:Catabolite repression and virulence gene expression in Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Dietary fat mediates hyperglycemia and the glucogenic response to increased protein consumption in an insect, Manduca sexta L.
PubMed:Superior molasses assimilation, stress tolerance, and trehalose accumulation of baker's yeast isolated from dried sweet potatoes (hoshi-imo).
PubMed:Lactobacillus helveticus heterogeneity in natural cheese starters: the diversity in phenotypic characteristics.
PubMed:Impact of heterologous expression of Escherichia coli UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase on trehalose and glycogen synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
PubMed:Peptides and proteins from fungi.
PubMed:Characterization of the trehalosyl dextrin-forming enzyme from the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC 35092.
PubMed:Proteomic characterization of a wild-type wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Intracellular glycerol influences resistance to freeze stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: analysis of a quadruple mutant in glycerol dehydrogenase genes and glycerol-enriched cells.
PubMed:Theoretical model of the three-dimensional structure of a sugar-binding protein from Pyrococcus horikoshii: structural analysis and sugar-binding simulations.
PubMed:Enhancement of trehalose production in dairy propionibacteria through manipulation of environmental conditions.
PubMed:Overproduction of trehalose: heterologous expression of Escherichia coli trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
PubMed:Desiccation and heat tolerance of Enterobacter sakazakii.
PubMed:Action of trehalose on the preservation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus by heat and osmotic dehydration.
PubMed:Sugars and amino acids as factors affecting the synthesis of fumonisins in liquid cultures by isolates of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex.
PubMed:RNA polymerase mutation activates the production of a dormant antibiotic 3,3'-neotrehalosadiamine via an autoinduction mechanism in Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:The donor subsite of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase: binary complexes with UDP-glucose and UDP-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose at 2 A resolution.
PubMed:Osmotolerance and leavening ability in sweet and frozen sweet dough. Comparative analysis between Torulaspora delbrueckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast strains.
PubMed:Defining and interpreting intakes of sugars.
PubMed:Enhancing Escherichia coli electrotransformation competency by invoking physiological adaptations to stress and modifying membrane integrity.
PubMed:Changes in wine yeast storage carbohydrate levels during preadaptation, rehydration and low temperature fermentations.
PubMed:Different food sources affect the gustatory response of Anaphes iole, an egg parasitoid of Lygus Spp.
PubMed:Water or ice?--the challenge for invertebrate cold survival.
PubMed:Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant compounds from the fruiting body of an edible mushroom, Agrocybe aegerita.
PubMed:Feeding effects on gene expression of the hypertrehalosemic hormone in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis.
PubMed:Water balance and osmoregulation in Stenocara gracilipes, a wax-blooming tenebrionid beetle from the Namib Desert.
PubMed:The control of the proventriculus in the honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica L.) I. A dynamic process influenced by food quality and quantity?
PubMed:Staphylococcus equorum subsp. linens, subsp. nov., a starter culture component for surface ripened semi-hard cheeses.
PubMed:Gustatory perception and metabolic utilization of sugars by Myrmica rubra ant workers.
PubMed:Cloning and characterization of two alpha-glucosidases from Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSM20083.
PubMed:New Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast displaying enhanced resistance to freezing.
PubMed:The response of Anisakis larvae to freezing.
PubMed:Nutraceutical production with food-grade microorganisms.
PubMed:Factors affecting the uptake of DMSO by the eggs and embryos of medaka, Oryzias latipes.
PubMed:Carnobacterium viridans sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, facultative anaerobe isolated from refrigerated, vacuum-packed bologna sausage.
PubMed:Trehalose production: exploiting novel approaches.
PubMed:Chemosensory stimuli for the walking legs of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii.
PubMed:Trehalose: a review of properties, history of use and human tolerance, and results of multiple safety studies.
PubMed:Glass transition and enthalpy relaxation of polyphosphate compounds.
PubMed:Substrate-binding recognition and specificity of trehalose phosphorylase from Schizophyllum commune examined in steady-state kinetic studies with deoxy and deoxyfluoro substrate analogues and inhibitors.
PubMed:Displacement of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from rumen medium containing prebiotic sugars.
PubMed:Altered dietary nutrient intake maintains metabolic homeostasis in parasitized larvae of the insect Manduca sexta L.
PubMed:The diluted aqueous solvation of carbohydrates as inferred from molecular dynamics simulations and NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed:Time course study of substrate utilization by Aspergillus flavus in medium simulating corn (Zea mays) kernels.
PubMed:The solid-state stability of amorphous quinapril in the presence of beta-cyclodextrins.
PubMed:Alpha-retaining glucosyl transfer catalysed by trehalose phosphorylase from Schizophyllum commune: mechanistic evidence obtained from steady-state kinetic studies with substrate analogues and inhibitors.
PubMed:A Gr receptor is required for response to the sugar trehalose in taste neurons of Drosophila.
PubMed:Maillard reaction kinetics in model preservation systems in the vicinity of the glass transition: experiment and theory.
PubMed:Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.
PubMed:Adhesion of bifidobacteria to granular starch and its implications in probiotic technologies.
PubMed:A comparison of nectar- and honeydew sugars with respect to their utilization by the hymenopteran parasitoid Cotesia glomerata.
PubMed:Fungal trehalose phosphorylase: kinetic mechanism, pH-dependence of the reaction and some structural properties of the enzyme from Schizophyllum commune.
PubMed:Changes in the yeast metabolism at very high-gravity wort fermentation.
PubMed:Improving the freeze tolerance of bakers' yeast by loading with trehalose.
PubMed:Characterization of two novel saccharolytic, anaerobic thermophiles, Thermoanaerobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp. nov. and Thermoanaerobacterium zeae sp. nov., and emendation of the genus Thermoanaerobacterium.
PubMed:The endoparasitoid Cotesia kariyai (Ck) regulates the growth and metabolic efficiency of Pseudaletia separata larvae by venom and Ck polydnavirus.
PubMed:Biochemical characterization and mechanism of action of a thermostable beta-glucosidase purified from Thermoascus aurantiacus.
PubMed:Desiccation stress of entomopathogenic nematodes induces the accumulation of a novel heat-stable protein.
PubMed:Improved detection of nontyphoid and typhoid Salmonellae with balanced agar formulations.
PubMed:Influence of lipids with and without other cottonseed reserve materials on aflatoxin B(1) production by Aspergillus flavus.
PubMed:High level production of thermostable alpha-amylase from Sulfolobus solfataricus in high-cell density culture of the food yeast Candida utilis.
PubMed:Staphylococcus fleurettii sp. nov., isolated from goat's milk cheeses.
PubMed:Crystal transformation from anhydrous alpha-maltose to hydrous beta-maltose and from anhydrous trehalose to hydrous trehalose.
PubMed:Intestinal trehalase activity in a UK population: establishing a normal range and the effect of disease.
PubMed:Carbohydrate metabolism during starvation in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
PubMed:Characterization of a new set of mutants deficient in fermentation-induced loss of stress resistance for use in frozen dough applications.
PubMed:Is the accumulation of osmoprotectant the unique mechanism involved in bacterial osmoprotection?
PubMed:A specific mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenylate cyclase, Cyr1K176M, eliminates glucose- and acidification-induced cAMP signalling and delays glucose-induced loss of stress resistance.
PubMed:Trehalose reserve in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: phenomenon of transport, accumulation and role in cell viability.
PubMed:Lactobacillus nagelii sp. nov., an organism isolated from a partially fermented wine.
PubMed:HPLC detection of soluble carbohydrates involved in mannitol and trehalose metabolism in the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus.
PubMed:Enhancement of the foaming properties of protein dried in the presence of trehalose.
PubMed:Fatty acid delta9-desaturation in the Triatoma infestans fat body: response to food and trehalose administrations.
PubMed:High- and low-molecular-mass microbial surfactants.
PubMed:Osmoregulation in Drosophila melanogaster selected for urea tolerance.
PubMed:Use of selective media to recover Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae after growth in reconditioned pork-processing wastewater.
PubMed:Characterization of trehalose phosphorylase from Schizophyllum commune.
PubMed:Stress tolerance in doughs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae trehalase mutants derived from commercial Baker's yeast.
PubMed:Transglycosylation reactions of Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase with acarbose and various acceptors.
PubMed:Weak organic acid treatment causes a trehalose accumulation in low-pH cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, not displayed by the more preservative-resistant Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
PubMed:The stereochemical course of the reaction mechanism of trehalose phosphorylase from Schizophyllum commune.
PubMed:Length of intestinal contact on nutrient-driven satiety.
PubMed:Trehalose 6-phosphate production with energy coupling fermentation by yeast cells.
PubMed:Effect of added carbohydrates on membrane phase behavior and survival of dried Lactobacillus plantarum.
PubMed:Bacterial identity and characteristics in healthy and unhealthy respiratory tracts of sheep and calves.
PubMed:Glucogenesis in an insect, Manduca sexta L., estimated from the 13C isotopomer distribution in trehalose synthesized from [1,3-13C2]glycerol.
PubMed:The Effect of Diet Quality on δ(13)C and δ(15)N in the Tissues of Locusts, Locusta migratoria L.
PubMed:Synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate (S-TDCM): behavioral effects and radioprotection.
PubMed:Continuous cultivation of bakers' yeast: change in cell composition at different dilution rates and effect of heat stress on trehalose level.
PubMed:Fed-batch cultivation of bakers' yeast: effect of nutrient depletion and heat stress on cell composition.
PubMed:Leavening ability and freeze tolerance of yeasts isolated from traditional corn and rye bread doughs.
PubMed:Biotechnological applications of the disaccharide trehalose.
PubMed:Disaccharide digestion and maldigestion.
PubMed:Trehalase activity and trehalose content in a freeze-tolerant yeast, Torulaspora delbrueckii, and its freeze-sensitive mutant.
PubMed:Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolated in southern and northern Finland.
PubMed:Stability of freeze dried horseradish peroxidase conjugated monoclonal antibodies used in diagnostic serology.
PubMed:IR and Raman spectroscopic studies of the interaction of trehalose with hen egg white lysozyme.
PubMed:Survival and recovery of Aeromonas hydrophila in water: development of methodology for testing bottled water in Canada.
PubMed:Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of meningococcal lipooligosaccharide-derived oligosaccharide-protein conjugates.
PubMed:Fluctuations of carbohydrates in haemolymph of honeybee (Apis mellifica) after fasting, feeding and stress.
PubMed:The role of trehalose and other carbohydrates in biopreservation.
PubMed:Stabilization of botulinum toxin type A during lyophilization.
PubMed:Development of an improved chemically defined minimal medium for Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Lipid content and cryotolerance of bakers' yeast in frozen doughs.
PubMed:Carbohydrate Storage in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana.
PubMed:Preferential osmolyte accumulation: a mechanism of osmotic stress adaptation in diazotrophic bacteria.
PubMed:Trehalose levels and survival ratio of freeze-tolerant versus freeze-sensitive yeasts.
PubMed:Single-villus analysis of disaccharidase expression by different regions of the mouse intestine.
PubMed:Appearance of new strains associated with group B meningococcal disease and their use for rapid vaccine development.
PubMed:Properties of Cytophaga johnsonae strains causing spoilage of fresh produce at food markets.
PubMed:Biochemical differentiation between enterotoxigenic heat-sensitive and heat-resistant Clostridium perfringens strains.
PubMed:Rapid determination of glycogen and sugars in mosquitoes.
PubMed:A note on the occurrence of Leuconostoc oenos as a spoilage organism in canned mango juice.
PubMed:Radiolysis of alpha, alpha-trehalose in concentrated aqueous solution; the effect of co-irradiated proteins and lipids.
PubMed:Trehalase deficiency. Prevalence and relation to single-cell protein food.
PubMed:The growth of Moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in rats fed on various monosaccharides and disaccharides.
PubMed:Characters of Lactobacillus coryniformis, isolated from an Iraqi cheese.
PubMed:Genetic heterogeneity among Lactobacillus acidophilus strains.
PubMed:[Effect of cell reserve carbohydrates on an increase in the keeping qualities of baker's yeast].
PubMed:Radiolysis of carbohydrates and of carbohydrate-containing foodstuffs.
PubMed:Structural relationships of sugars to taste.
PubMed:[Carbohydrates synthesized by the spirulines].
 
Notes:
Occurs in fungi. EU and USA approved sweetener Trehalose is a disaccharide formed by a 1, 1-glucoside bond between two ?-glucose units. Because trehalose is formed by the bonding of two reducing groups, it has no capacity to reduce other compounds.; Trehalose was first isolated from ergot of rye. Emil Fischer first described the trehalose-hydrolyzing enzyme in yeast. Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond giving it the name of ?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?1)-?-D-glucopyranoside. The bonding makes trehalose very resistant to acid hydrolysis, and therefore stable in solution at high temperatures even under acidic conditions. The bonding also keeps non-reducing sugars in closed-ring form, such that the aldehyde or ketone end-groups do not bind to the lysine or arginine residues of proteins (a process called glycation). Trehalose is broken down by the enzyme trehalase into glucose. Trehalose has about 45% the sweetness of sucrose. Trehalose is less soluble than sucrose, except at high temperatures (>80 °C). Trehalose forms a rhomboid crystal as the dihydrate, and has 90% of the calorific content of sucrose in that form. Anhydrous forms of trehalose readily regain moisture to form the dihydrate. Anhydrous forms of trehalose can show interesting physical properties when heat-treated.; Trehalose, also known as mycose, is a 1-alpha (disaccharide) sugar found extensively but not abundantly in nature. It is thought to be implicated in anhydrobiosis - the ability of plants and animals to withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. The sugar is thought to form a gel phase as cells dehydrate, which prevents disruption of internal cell organelles by effectively splinting them in position. Rehydration then allows normal cellular activity to be resumed without the major, generally lethal damage that would normally follow a dehydration/reyhdration cycle.; Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond giving it the name of alpha-D-glucopyranoglucopyranosyl-1,1-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The bonding makes trehalose very resistant to acid hydrolysis, and therefore stable in solution at high temperatures even under acidic conditions. The bonding also keeps non-reducing sugars in closed-ring form, such that the aldehyde or ketone end-groups do not bind to the lysine or arginine residues of proteins (a process called glycation). The enzyme trehalase, present but not abundant in most people, breaks it into two glucose molecules, which can then be readily absorbed in the gut.; Trehalose is an important components of insects circulating fluid.It acts as a storage form of insect circulating fluid and it is important in respiration.; Trehalose, also known as mycose, is a natural alpha-linked disaccharide formed by an ?, ?-1, 1-glucoside bond between two ?-glucose units. In 1832 Wiggers discovered trehalose in an ergot of rye and in 1859 Berthelot isolated it from trehala manna, a substance made by weevils, and named it trehalose. It can be synthesised by fungi, plants, and invertebrate animals. It is implicated in anhydrobiosis ? the ability of plants and animals to withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. It has high water retention capabilities and is used in food and cosmetics. The sugar is thought to form a gel phase as cells dehydrate, which prevents disruption of internal cell organelles by effectively splinting them in position. Rehydration then allows normal cellular activity to be resumed without the major, lethal damage that would normally follow a dehydration/re-hydration cycle. Trehalose has the added advantage of being an antioxidant. Extracting trehalose used to be a difficult and costly process, but, recently, the Hayashibara company (Okayama, Japan) confirmed an inexpensive extraction technology from starch for mass production. Trehalose is currently being used for a broad spectrum of applications.
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