EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

quinine sulfate anhydrous
quinine sulphate

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 804-63-7Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:212-359-2
FDA UNII: M4XCR57IWG
Formula:C20 H24 N2 O2.1/2H2 O4 S
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:flavoring agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
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PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:14.152 quinine sulphate
FEMA Number:2977 quinine sulfate anhydrous
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 234.00 to 236.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 495.90 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 489.00 °F. TCC ( 253.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 3.440 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1430 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
quinine sulphate
Chemical Sources Association
Need This Item for Flavor/Food?: You can contact the Chemical Sources Association
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-mouse LD50 800 mg/kg

oral-human TDLo 4300 ug/kg
BLOOD: AGRANULOCYTOSIS PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
British Medical Journal. Vol. 1, Pg. 605, 1977.

oral-man TDLo 27 mg/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: TINNITUS: EAR SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: VISUAL FIELD CHANGES: EYE
British Medical Journal. Vol. 287, Pg. 1700, 1983.

oral-man TDLo 129 mg/kg
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE
Human Toxicology. Vol. 3, Pg. 399, 1984.

oral-mouse LDLo 800 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 78, Pg. 159, 1943.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for quinine sulfate anhydrous usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.13 (μg/capita/day)
Threshold of Concern:90 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: III
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: --
beverages(nonalcoholic): -100.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
 
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
 average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): 10.0000010.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): --
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): 10.0000010.00000
Processed fruit (04.1): --
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): --
Confectionery (05.0): 40.0000040.00000
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): --
Bakery wares (07.0): 20.0000020.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): --
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): --
Eggs and egg products (10.0): --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): --
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): --
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 100.00000100.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): 100.00000100.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): --
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): --
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 35, Revision 1 (FGE.35Rev1): Three quinine salts from the Priority list from chemical group 30
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):804-63-7
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :13119
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
(R)-[(5R,7S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-7-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol; sulfuric acid
Chemidplus:0000804637
 
References:
 (R)-[(5R,7S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-7-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol; sulfuric acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:804-63-7
Pubchem (cid):13119
Pubchem (sid):134976815
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB30261
FooDB:FDB002086
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
 aflukin
 cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (8a,9R)-, sulfate (2:1) (salt)
 coco-quinine
(R)-[(5R,7S)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-7-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol; sulfuric acid
 legatrin
 quinine hemisulfate salt monohydrate
 quinine sulfate
 quinine sulfate (2:1)
 quinine sulfate (2:1) (salt)
 quinine sulphate
 quinine, sulfate
 quinine, sulfate (2:1) (salt)
 

Articles:

PubMed:Solvent effect on the relative quantum yield and fluorescence quenching of 2DAM.
PubMed:Highly photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals for rapid, label-free and recyclable detection of mercuric ions.
PubMed:Ocular quinine toxicity in a sleepwalker.
PubMed:Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857-1940): Introducing fever therapy in the treatment of neurosyphilis.
PubMed:[Management of muscle cramp: what's to be done?].
PubMed:Quinine sulfate as a therapeutic option in a patient with slow channel congenital myasthenic syndrome.
PubMed:Study on the interaction between quinine sulfate and DNA by multiple spectral methods and their analytical applications.
PubMed:Mental and physical workload, salivary stress biomarkers and taste perception: Mars desert research station expedition.
PubMed:Quercetin protects against testicular toxicity induced by chronic administration of therapeutic dose of quinine sulfate in rats.
PubMed:Taste alteration and impact on quality of life after head and neck radiotherapy.
PubMed:[Unsuspected danger of a medicinal preparation].
PubMed:Biowaiver monographs for immediate-release solid oral dosage forms: quinine sulfate.
PubMed:Quality of essential drugs in tropical countries: evaluation of antimalarial drugs in the Brazilian Health System.
PubMed:The use of outer filter effects for Cu(2+) quantitation: a unique example for monitoring nonfluorescent molecule with fluorescence.
PubMed:Genetic epidemiology of induced CYP3A4 activity.
PubMed:Prediction of variability in CYP3A4 induction using a combined 1H NMR metabonomics and targeted UPLC-MS approach.
PubMed:Comparison of methods and achievable uncertainties for the relative and absolute measurement of photoluminescence quantum yields.
PubMed:Fluorescence quantum yields of a series of red and near-infrared dyes emitting at 600-1000 nm.
PubMed:Fluorescence property of ZnO nanoparticles and the interaction with bromothymol blue.
PubMed:Evaluation of medication adherence methods in the treatment of malaria in Rwandan infants.
PubMed:Disparities exist in the availability of outpatient malaria treatment in Maryland, USA.
PubMed:Evaluation of a commercial integrating sphere setup for the determination of absolute photoluminescence quantum yields of dilute dye solutions.
PubMed:Photopatch testing negative in systemic quinine phototoxicity.
PubMed:Taste-masked quinine pamoate tablets for treatment of children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
PubMed:Assessment: symptomatic treatment for muscle cramps (an evidence-based review): report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American academy of neurology.
PubMed:Redetermination of bis-{(1S,2S,4S,5R)-2-[(R)-hy-droxy(6-meth-oxy-4-quinol-yl)meth-yl]-5-vinyl-quinuclidinium} sulfate dihydrate.
PubMed:Inhibitive effect of diphenytriazol on rat cytochrome P450 enzyme in vitro.
PubMed:Synthesis, fluorescence study and biological evaluation of three Zn(II) complexes with Paeonol Schiff base.
PubMed:[Artesunate in interrupting the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum].
PubMed:[Study on styrene derivatives with stilbene-like pendant: synthesis and the fluorescence properties].
PubMed:Construction of a compact spectrofluorometer/spectrophotometer system using a flexible liquid core waveguide.
PubMed:Plasmodium falciparum malaria occurring 8 years after leaving an endemic area.
PubMed:Laying hens learn to avoid feathers.
PubMed:[Fluorescence spectra and quantum yield of TiO2 nanocrystals synthesized by alcohothermal method].
PubMed:Photon-counting technique for rapid fluorescence-decay measurement.
PubMed:[Four cases of malaria in travellers. An emerging disease].
PubMed:Tactile interaction with taste localization: influence of gustatory quality and intensity.
PubMed:Analysis of data obtained from a frequency-multiplexed phase-modulation fluorometer using an autoregressive model.
PubMed:Quinine--a tonic too bitter for hemodialysis-associated muscle cramps?
PubMed:Application of high performance capillary electrophoresis on toxic alkaloids analysis.
PubMed:Antiviral effects of quinine sulfate on HSV-1 HaCat cells infected: analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved.
PubMed:Cyclodextrin/PEG based hydrogels for multi-drug delivery.
PubMed:Fixed eruption due to quinine: report of two cases.
PubMed:The quantitative prediction of bitterness-suppressing effect of sweeteners on the bitterness of famotidine by sweetness-responsive sensor.
PubMed:[Torsades-de-pointes-type ventricular tachycardia in a patient with digitalis intoxication under chronic treatment with quinine sulfate].
PubMed:Effect of resuscitation with 21% oxygen and 100% oxygen on NMDA receptor binding characteristics following asphyxia in newborn piglets.
PubMed:In situ UV resonance Raman micro-spectroscopic localization of the antimalarial quinine in cinchona bark.
PubMed:The psychophysical relationship between bitter taste and burning sensation: evidence of qualitative similarity.
PubMed:Quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri: a preliminary study.
PubMed:The two-photon excitation cross section of 6MAP, a fluorescent adenine analogue.
PubMed:Quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of some bacterial skin pathogens.
PubMed:Dissociating pleasantness and intensity with quinine sulfate/sucrose mixtures in taste.
PubMed:Hypoxia-induced Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression, caspase-9 activation, DNA fragmentation, and lipid peroxidation in mitochondria of the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets: the role of nitric oxide.
PubMed:Flow-injection chemiluminescent determination of cefprozil using Tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II)-permanganate system.
PubMed:Optimized parameters for fluorescence-based verification of ballast water exchange by ships.
PubMed:A controlled trial of long-term inhaled hypertonic saline in patients with cystic fibrosis.
PubMed:Quinine sulfate inhibits invasion of Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri: a preliminary study.
PubMed:Effectiveness of quinine monotherapy for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women in Lambaréné, Gabon.
PubMed:Muscle cramps.
PubMed:Comparison times are longer for hedonic than for intensity judgements of taste stimuli.
PubMed:Acute pulmonary edema caused by quinine.
PubMed:'Thermal taste' predicts higher responsiveness to chemical taste and flavor.
PubMed:Indirect detection of halide ions via fluorescence quenching of quinine sulfate in microcolumn ion chromatography.
PubMed:Silicon nanoparticles as a luminescent label to DNA.
PubMed:Tunable ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence detection of trace plastics and dissolved organic compounds in water.
PubMed:Quinine sulfate and HSV replication.
PubMed:[Preparation of chloro-sparfloxacin and its fluorescence behavior].
PubMed:Gender influence on emotional responses to primary tastes.
PubMed:Quinine sulfate and bacterial invasion.
PubMed:Partial rescue of taste responses of alpha-gustducin null mice by transgenic expression of alpha-transducin.
PubMed:Effects of cigarette smoking on quinine pharmacokinetics in malaria.
PubMed:Antiprotozoals effective in vitro against the scuticociliate fish pathogen Philasterides dicentrarchi.
PubMed:Transient pulmonary infiltrates possibly induced by quinine sulfate.
PubMed:Drug monitoring of quinine in men with nonsevere falciparum malaria: study in the Amazon region of Brazil.
PubMed:Randomized trial of artesunate and mefloquine in comparison with quinine sulfate to treat P. falciparum malaria pregnant women.
PubMed:The historical aspects of sunscreens.
PubMed:Septic shock due to babesiosis.
PubMed:Clinical trial of beta-arteether versus quinine for the treatment of cerebral malaria in children in Yaounde, Cameroon.
PubMed:Nocturnal leg cramps. Clinically mysterious and painful--but manageable.
PubMed:When to suspect and how to monitor babesiosis.
PubMed:Detection of nitrosated proteins.
PubMed:Hemorrhage after the preoperative use of complementary and alternative medicines.
PubMed:Autonomic nervous system responses associated with primary tastes.
PubMed:[Acral necroses after therapy with quinine sulfate for calf cramps].
PubMed:Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of mefloquine and quinine.
PubMed:Effects of taste stimulation on the behavior of serum amino acid concentrations and amylase and trypsin activities in fasting rats.
PubMed:The relationship between myofascial trigger points of gastrocnemius muscle and nocturnal calf cramps.
PubMed:Hyperresponsiveness to palatable and aversive taste stimuli in genetically obese (bombesin receptor subtype-3-deficient) mice.
PubMed:Bitter taste threshold and its relation to number of circumvallate papillae in the elderly.
PubMed:Training and characterization of a quinine taste discrimination in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed:[Simple malaria attack].
PubMed:A common polygenic basis for quinine and PROP avoidance in mice.
PubMed:Direct measurement of oxygen free radicals during in utero hypoxia in the fetal guinea pig brain.
PubMed:Transient isotachophoretic-electrophoretic separations of lanthanides with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection.
PubMed:Salicylate and quinine affect the central nervous system.
PubMed:Hypobaric hypoxia and hedonic matrix in rats.
PubMed:Modulation of K+ transport across synaptosomes of rat brain by synthetic pyrethroids.
PubMed:Clinical epidemiology of nocturnal leg cramps in male veterans.
PubMed:c-Fos induction in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract by intraoral quinine infusion depends on prior contingent pairing of quinine and lithium chloride.
PubMed:The changes in muscle strength and relaxation time after a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with myotonic dystrophy.
PubMed:Predictors of outcome in malarial renal failure.
PubMed:Detection of quinine and its metabolites in horse urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Effect of high-altitude hypoxia on feeding responses and hedonic matrix in rats.
PubMed:Changes in taste perception following mental or physical stress.
PubMed:Relationship between plasma and saliva quinine levels in humans.
PubMed:Benign nocturnal leg cramps. Current controversies over use of quinine.
PubMed:[Fluorometric method for determination of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthetase in rat brain].
PubMed:Leg cramps: differential diagnosis and management.
PubMed:Inherent optical properties of the ocean: retrieval of the absorption coefficient of chromophoric dissolved organic matter from airborne laser spectral fluorescence measurements.
PubMed:Is quinine effective and safe in leg cramps?
PubMed:Bitter peptide from hemoglobin hydrolysate: isolation and characterization.
PubMed:Detection of drug-dependent platelet antibodies by use of solid-phase red cell adherence techniques.
PubMed:Bitter taste in aging: compound-specific decline in sensitivity.
PubMed:Genetics of bitter perception in mice.
PubMed:Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants and associated drugs.
PubMed:Effect of allopurinol on uric acid levels and brain cell membrane Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity during hypoxia in newborn piglets.
PubMed:In vitro effects of artemisinin ether, cycloguanil hydrochloride (alone and in combination with sulfadiazine), quinine sulfate, mefloquine, primaquine phosphate, trifluoperazine hydrochloride, and verapamil on Toxoplasma gondii.
PubMed:Otoacoustic emissions and quinine sulfate.
PubMed:Alteration of brain cell membrane function following cocaine exposure in the fetal guinea pig.
PubMed:Quinine sulfate for leg cramps: does it work?
PubMed:Falciparum malaria in an overseas traveler complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and pulmonary edema.
PubMed:Taste intensity performance in patients irradiated to the head and neck.
PubMed:Derivation of highly mefloquine-resistant lines from Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
PubMed:Selective sensitivity of synaptosomal membrane function to cerebral cortical hypoxia in newborn piglets.
PubMed:Malaria in pregnant women: action for survival.
PubMed:Effect of K channel blockers on basal and beta-agonist stimulated ion transport by fetal distal lung epithelium.
PubMed:Influences of hypothyroidism on the taste detection performance of rats: a signal detection analysis.
PubMed:Indirect photometric detection of polyamines in biological samples separated by high-performance capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Treatment of nocturnal leg cramps. A crossover trial of quinine vs vitamin E.
PubMed:Release of polyionizable compounds from submicrometer oil-in-water emulsions.
PubMed:Infection of Anopheles darlingi fed on patients with Plasmodium falciparum before and after treatment with quinine or quinine plus tetracycline.
PubMed:Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-efflux in cultured spinal cord neurons.
PubMed:[Treatment of nocturnal leg cramps. A multicenter, double blind, placebo controlled comparison between the combination of quinine and theophylline ethylene diamine with quinine].
PubMed:Quinine resistant falciparum malaria treated with mefloquine.
PubMed:Persistent light reactivity from systemic quinine.
PubMed:[Changes in the activity of the taste receptor apparatus and the preference for a sodium chloride solution in newborn rats receiving capsaicin].
PubMed:GABAB receptor activation inhibits Ca2(+)-activated 86Rb-efflux in cultured spinal cord neurons via G-protein mechanism.
PubMed:Is this really a muscle cramp?
PubMed:Non-aqueous titration of quinine and quinidine sulphates by use of barium perchlorate.
PubMed:Placebo-controlled trial of quinine therapy for nocturnal leg cramps.
PubMed:Quality specific differences in human taste detection thresholds as a function of stimulus volume.
PubMed:Quinine overdose: review of toxicity and treatment.
PubMed:Verapamil vs quinine in recumbent nocturnal leg cramps in the elderly.
PubMed:The fluorescence quantum yield of vitamin A2.
PubMed:Significance of the cardioprotective effect of prostanoids and indomethacin.
PubMed:HPLC determination of indalpine and its major metabolite in human plasma and a pharmacokinetic application.
PubMed:Interactions between CO2 oral pungency and taste.
PubMed:Taste perception of children with chronic renal failure.
PubMed:[Spectrophotometric determination of quinine sulfate and acetylsalicylic acid in the Pulv. chinacisal. c. vit. C FoNo V. preparation].
PubMed:Effects of N-ethylmaleimide on ouabain-insensitive cation fluxes in human red cell ghosts.
PubMed:Gustatory processing differences in PTC tasters and non-tasters: a reaction time analysis.
PubMed:Membrane structural domains. Resolution limits using diphenylhexatriene fluorescence decay.
PubMed:Chemosensitivity of lobster,Homarus americanus, to secondary plant compounds: Unused receptor capabilities.
PubMed:[A case of congenital malaria]
PubMed:Treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria during pregnancy.
PubMed:Selective suppression of judged sweetness by ziziphins.
PubMed:Dietary quinine reduces body weight and food intake independent of aversive taste.
PubMed:Detoxication capacity of a multiple (w/o/w) emulsion for the treatment of drug overdose. II. Detoxication of quinine sulfate with the emulsion in the gastro-intestinal tract of rabbits.
PubMed:Genetic analyses of gustation in the fowl.
PubMed:Taste thresholds: quality specific variation with human aging.
PubMed:[Topical contraceptives].
PubMed:The adaptation of the frog tongue to various taste solutions: the effect on gustatory neural responses to bitter stimuli.
PubMed:Taste thresholds of individuals with diabetes mellitus and of control subjects.
PubMed:Fluorescence standard reference material: quinine sulfate dihydrate.
PubMed:Infection and transmission studies with Plasmodium gonderi in the Macaca mulatta monkey.
PubMed:Isolation and analysis of age-related fluorescent substances in rat testes.
PubMed:Abnormalities of the pupil and visual-evoked potential in quinine amblyopia.
PubMed:Active regulation to be lean by rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions.
PubMed:Malaria--a red alert.
PubMed:Alterations of short-term tastant-containing fluid intake in zinc deficient adult rats.
PubMed:The effect of prednisolone on red cell survival in patients with falciparum malaria.
PubMed:Effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on preference for several taste solutions in the rat.
PubMed:Isolation and analysis of chemosensory behavior mutants in Drosophila melanogaster.
PubMed:Quinine sulfate for pain in the Guillain-Barré syndrome.
PubMed:Rats defend different body weights depending on palatability and accessibility of their food.
PubMed:Selective killing of mitogen-induced transformed cells by quinine sulfate in vitro.
PubMed:The effects of feeding a zinc-deficient diet on taste acuity and tongue epithelium in rats.
PubMed:Effects of a zinc deficient diet upon fluid intake in the rat.
PubMed:Effects on plaque and gingivitis of a chlorhexidine dental gel in the mentally retarded.
PubMed:Induction of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and epoxide hydrase in Wistar rats pretreated with oral methadone hydrochloride.
PubMed:Abnormalities in taste preference in hypothyroid rats.
PubMed:Fetal death: coagulation defects and management. Report of 20 cases with study of the half-life of [125I]fibrinogen.
PubMed:Dissociation of gustatory and weight regulatory responses to quinine following lateral hypothalamic lesions.
PubMed:Timed-release tablets containing quinine sulfate.
PubMed:Factors effecting drug release from inert matrices. Part 1: effects of surfactants on the release of quinine sulfate.
PubMed:[Spectrophotometric investigations on aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin G1 (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Determination of quinine sulfate in suppositories].
PubMed:Aucte quinine sulfate poisoning in a two year old girl.
PubMed:Microcrystallization methods for aspirin, mebutamate, and quinine sulfate.
PubMed:[Spectrophotometric determination of amidazophene and quinine sulfate in tablets].
PubMed:Quinine sulfate as a fluorescence quantum yield standard.
PubMed:[Qualitative and quantitative determination of the combination of o-ethoxybenzamide, quinine sulfate, ascorbic acid, and orphenadrine HCl by thin layer chromatography].
PubMed:[Quantitative and qualitative analysis of mixed o-ethoxybenzamide quinine sulfate, ascorbic acid and orphenadrine HC1].
PubMed:Peritoneal dialysis in quinine sulfate intoxication.
PubMed:The evaluation of quinine sulfate and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as suppressive agents against sporozoite-induced Chesson strain vivax malaria.
PubMed:ACUTE RENAL FAILURE PRECIPITATED BY QUININE SULFATE IN EARLY PREGNANCY.
PubMed:STUDIES ON A STRAIN OF CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM FROM VIET-NAM.
PubMed:[Change in the degree of dispersion of colloid particles of protoplasm in nerve cells under the influence of solutions of quinine sulfate, egg albumin and ethyl urethane].
PubMed:A report on the alleviation of nocturnal cramps by the combined use of quinine sulfate and aminophylline.
PubMed:[Anti-inflammatory action of quinine sulfate after removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in rats].
PubMed:[Trials of chemotherapy in experimental Chagas disease. XI. Action of isopentaquine diphosphate, alone and with quinine sulfate].
PubMed:[Attempts at the chemotherapy of experimental Chagas' disease. VIII. Effect of cortisone alone and associated with pentaquine phosphate or with the combination of quinine sulfate and pentaquine phosphate; histopathological study].
PubMed:NEW and nonofficial remedies, pentaquine phosphate and quinine sulfate.
PubMed:Studies in human malaria; the protective and therapeutic action of quinine sulfate against St. Elizabeth strain vivax malaria.
PubMed:The survival of Amblystoma embryos when treated with sodium sulfadiazine and quinine sulphate.
PubMed:Hypoprothrombinemic action of quinine sulfate.
PubMed:Effect of synthetic vitamin K and of quinine sulfate on the prothrombin level.
 
Notes:
an alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. it is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. it was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. the mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood. /quinine/ Bitter flavouring Bitter flavouring Used in tonics and bitter drinks Quinine is a natural white crystalline alkaloid having antipyretic, antimalarial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties and a bitter taste. It is a stereoisomer of quinidine which, unlike quinine, is an anti-arrhythmic. Though it has been synthesized in the lab, the bark of the cinchona tree is the only known natural source of quinine. Quinine was the first effective treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, appearing in therapeutics in the 17th century. It remained the antimalarial drug of choice until the 1940s, when other drugs replaced it. (Wikipedia)
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