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Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white powder (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 166.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Boiling Point: | 639.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Vapor Pressure: | 5.100000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 645.00 °F. TCC ( 340.70 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | -2.260 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 4.74e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
unreported-dog LDLo 1500 mg/kg
KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES
GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"
BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal Vol. 18, Pg. 667, 1984.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1300 mg/kg
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 15, Pg. 1150, 1972.
oral-mouse LDLo 4000 mg/kg
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal Vol. 18, Pg. 667, 1984.
oral-rat LD50 2700 mg/kg
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal Vol. 18, Pg. 667, 1984.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis |
| Recommendation for ribavirin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Recommendation for ribavirin flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
References:
| | 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 37542 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135000384 |
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | D00423 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food: | Read Report |
Formulations/Preparations:
•vials, 6 g delivered as an aerosol to an infant oxygen hood (or administered by face mask or oxygen tent if necessary). is administered using a small particle aerosol generator (model spag-2) .
•oral: capsules: 200 mg rebetol (schering); tablets, film-coated: 200 mg copegus (roche).
•nasal and oral inhalation: for inhalation solution: 6 g virazole (valeant).
•successfully administered by topical, parenteral, oral, and aerosol routes.
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 1-[(4S,2R,3R,5R)-3,4- | dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3- carboxamide | | 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4- | dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | | 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4- | dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | | 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4- | dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamid | | 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4- | dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | | 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4- | dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-1H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-carboxylic acid amide | | 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-( | hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | | | ribavirina | | | ribavirine | | | ribavirinum | | 1-b-D- | ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | | 1-(b-D- | ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide | | 1H-1,2,4- | triazole-3-carboxamide, 1-b-D-ribofuranosyl- | | 1H-1,2,4- | triazole-3-carboxamide, 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl- | | | virazide |
Articles:
| PubMed:Hepatitis C virus: Virology, diagnosis and treatment. |
| PubMed:Ribavirin Reduces Absolute Lymphocyte Counts in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients Treated With Interferon-Free, Direct-Acting Antiviral Regimens. |
| PubMed:Direct-acting antiviral drug approvals for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Scientific and regulatory approaches to clinical trial designs. |
| PubMed:Faldaprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Preparation of monoPEGylated Cyanovirin-N's derivative and its anti-influenza A virus bioactivity in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:Ribavirin stimulates the immune response of Atlantic salmon. |
| PubMed:Application of "hydrogen bonding interaction" in new drug development: design, synthesis, antiviral activity, and SARs of thiourea derivatives. |
| PubMed:Development of live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines based on codon deoptimization. |
| PubMed:FDA perspective on sofosbuvir therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection who did not respond to treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. |
| PubMed:Anti-Mayaro virus activity of Cassia australis extracts (Fabaceae, Leguminosae). |
| PubMed:[A hantavirus killed an Israeli researcher: hazards while working with wild animals]. |
| PubMed:Design, synthesis, and antiviral, fungicidal, and insecticidal activities of tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives. |
| PubMed:D and E rings may not be indispensable for antofine: discovery of phenanthrene and alkylamine chain containing antofine derivatives as novel antiviral agents against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based on interaction of antofine and TMV RNA. |
| PubMed:Clinical evidence and bioinformatics characterization of potential hepatitis C virus resistance pathways for sofosbuvir. |
| PubMed:Treatment of hepatitis C: a systematic review. |
| PubMed:Antiviral medications for the treatment of hepatitis B and C infection and their effects on kidney function. |
| PubMed:Sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:Emerging therapeutic options for the management of hepatitis C infection. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients: impact of direct-acting antivirals. |
| PubMed:Sofosbuvir: A Nucleotide NS5B Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. |
| PubMed:Sofosbuvir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: new dog, new tricks. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and antiviral and fungicidal activity evaluation of β-carboline, dihydro-β-carboline, tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloids, and their derivatives. |
| PubMed:[Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in Spain]. |
| PubMed:Antiviral treatment of hepatitis C virus infection and factors affecting efficacy. |
| PubMed:Antiviral activity of polymethoxylated flavones from "Guangchenpi", the edible and medicinal pericarps of citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. |
| PubMed:Sofosbuvir approved for chronic hepatitis C infection. |
| PubMed:New rubrolides from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus OUCMDZ-1925. |
| PubMed:Sofosbuvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis E infection in liver transplant recipients. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis E: the forgotten virus. |
| PubMed:Optimizing DAA management in daily practice. |
| PubMed:The pharmacokinetic evaluation of boceprevir for treatment of hepatitis C virus. |
| PubMed:[Biochemical and pharmacological features of telaprevir]. |
| PubMed:Jiawei-Yupingfeng-Tang, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits respiratory viral infections in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of GSK2336805, an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A, in healthy subjects and subjects chronically infected with HCV genotype 1. |
| PubMed:Evolution of cell culture systems for HCV. |
| PubMed:In vivo inhibition of trans-plasma membrane electron transport by antiviral drugs in grapevine. |
| PubMed:A small percentage of patients with hepatitis C receive triple therapy with boceprevir or telaprevir. |
| PubMed:Anti-human rhinovirus 2 activity and mode of action of quercetin-7-glucoside from Lagerstroemia speciosa. |
| PubMed:Telaprevir: clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug-drug interactions. |
| PubMed:Earlier sustained virologic response end points for regulatory approval and dose selection of hepatitis C therapies. |
| PubMed:Arenavirus reverse genetics for vaccine development. |
| PubMed:Boceprevir in chronic hepatitis C infection: a perspective review. |
| PubMed:Boceprevir: a recently approved protease inhibitor for hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:Establishment of SYBR green-based qPCR assay for rapid evaluation and quantification for anti-Hantaan virus compounds in vitro and in suckling mice. |
| PubMed:Enhanced inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease virus by combinations of porcine interferon-α and antiviral agents. |
| PubMed:Boceprevir: a protease inhibitor for the treatment of hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Telaprevir: pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. |
| PubMed:Telaprevir: a hepatitis C NS3/4A protease inhibitor. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis in the elderly: still a scourge. |
| PubMed:Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity evaluation of phenanthrene-based antofine derivatives. |
| PubMed:Telaprevir and boceprevir in African Americans with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: implications for patients and providers. |
| PubMed:New pharmacotherapy for hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Therapeutic vaccination against chronic hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:Ribavirin, a nucleoside with potential insecticidal activity. |
| PubMed:Interferon responsiveness does not change in treatment-experienced hepatitis C subjects: implications for drug development and clinical decisions. |
| PubMed:Protease inhibitors for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype-1 infection: the new standard of care. |
| PubMed:Boceprevir dosing for late responders and null responders: the role of bridging data between treatment-naïve and -experienced subjects. |
| PubMed:New genetic discoveries and treatment for hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Response-guided telaprevir therapy in prior relapsers? The role of bridging data from treatment-naïve and experienced subjects. |
| PubMed:Advances in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:Boceprevir: a novel NS3/4 protease inhibitor for the treatment of hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:[Hepatitis E: molecular virology, epidemiology and pathogenesis]. |
| PubMed:A pharmacological profile of ribavirin and monitoring of its plasma concentration in chronic hepatitis C infection. |
| PubMed:The Role of IL28B Genotype Testing in the Era of Direct Acting Antiviral Agents. |
| PubMed:The era of direct-acting antivirals has begun: the beginning of the end for HCV? |
| PubMed:Telaprevir: an oral protease inhibitor for hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:Quantitative trace analysis of a broad range of antiviral drugs in poultry muscle using column-switch liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Recent advance in antiviral drugs for hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:FDA notifications. Renal impairment addressed in labeling. |
| PubMed:Management of chronic hepatitis C infection in children. |
| PubMed:Telaprevir: looking for a sustained virologic response in hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:In vitro activity of Paris polyphylla smith against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus B3 and its immune modulation. |
| PubMed:Boceprevir. |
| PubMed:Interferon-lambda and therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:Wheezing in infancy. |
| PubMed:Bronchiolitis. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C pharmacogenetics: state of the art in 2010. |
| PubMed:Current therapies for chronic hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:High-content assay to identify inhibitors of dengue virus infection. |
| PubMed:5-Methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazoles synthesized via ugi reaction and their fungicidal and antiviral activities. |
| PubMed:Anti-human rhinovirus activity of raoulic acid from Raoulia australis. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobials and the risk of torsades de pointes: the contribution from data mining of the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. |
| PubMed:Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents: Epidemiology, natural history, and assessment of the safety and efficacy of combination therapy. |
| PubMed:Taste disturbances during therapy with pegylated interferon-alpha 2b and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:[Effects of Tankejing dry powder inhaler on the inflammatory damage in the lungs of mice infected by FM1]. |
| PubMed:[Anti-viral effects of Tankejing preparations against influenza virus A]. |
| PubMed:Evidence-based antimicrobial therapy in pregnancy: long overdue. |
| PubMed:Original research: Intravenous ribavirin--review of the FDA's Emergency Investigational New Drug Database (1997-2008) and literature review. |
| PubMed:Effect of dietary purines on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered ribavirin. |
| PubMed:Acrolein, a ubiquitous pollutant and lipid hydroperoxide product, inhibits antiviral activity of interferon-alpha: relevance to hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Treatment for chronic hepatitis C in children: a review. |
| PubMed:Severe hepatocellular injury with apoptosis induced by a hepatitis C polymerase inhibitor. |
| PubMed:Neuraminidase activity provides a practical read-out for a high throughput influenza antiviral screening assay. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C: current and future therapies. |
| PubMed:The impact of combination therapy with peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin on the energy intake and body weight of adult hepatitis C patients. |
| PubMed:Overcoming hurdles in hepatitis C virus research: efficient production of infectious virus in cell culture. |
| PubMed:Oral lesions in HIV and HCV co-infected individuals in HAART era. |
| PubMed:Stability-indicating thin-layer chromatographic method for quantitative determination of ribavirin. |
| PubMed:Design of the PEDS-C trial: pegylated interferon +/- ribavirin for children with chronic hepatitis C viral infection. |
| PubMed:Gastrointestinal medications in pregnancy. |
| PubMed:Strategies for managing anemia in hepatitis C patients undergoing antiviral therapy. |
| PubMed:Bronchiolitis. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C (chronic). |
| PubMed:Development of a tomato-based food for special medical purposes as therapy adjuvant for patients with HCV infection. |
| PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus. |
| PubMed:Bupleurum kaoi inhibits Coxsackie B virus type 1 infection of CCFS-1 cells by induction of type I interferons expression. |
| PubMed:[Inhibitory effect of new antimicrobial substance by Bacillus subtilis fmbJ on Newcastle disease virus and infectious Bursal disease virus in vitro]. |
| PubMed:FDA approves Pegasys and Copegus for hepatitis C in patients with HIV co-infection. |
| PubMed:Cost-efficacy analysis of peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Clinical experience with nonstandard doses ofinterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection: A retrospective analysis. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis drug gets approval for coinfection treatment. |
| PubMed:The effect of zinc supplementation on the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with interferon and ribavirin. |
| PubMed:Oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis C: a preliminary study on the protective effects of antioxidant flavonoids. |
| PubMed:Maintenance therapy for chronic hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. |
| PubMed:Evolution of the HALT-C Trial: pegylated interferon as maintenance therapy for chronic hepatitis C in previous interferon nonresponders. |
| PubMed:Oxidative status in chronic hepatitis C: the influence of antiviral therapy and prognostic value of serum hydroperoxide assay. |
| PubMed:Treatment Options for Hepatitis C Infection in Children. |
| PubMed:Peginterferon alfa-2a: a review of approved and investigational uses. |
| PubMed:FDA approves Hep C drugs. |
| PubMed:Tomato-based functional food as interferon adjuvant in HCV eradication therapy. |
| PubMed:Anti-HCV activities of selective polyunsaturated fatty acids. |
| PubMed:Nucleoside analogues and mitochondrial toxicity. |
| PubMed:Pharmacokinetics and safety of viramidine, a prodrug of ribavirin, in healthy volunteers. |
| PubMed:Hantavirus infection in children. |
| PubMed:Pediatric drug labeling: improving the safety and efficacy of pediatric therapies. |
| PubMed:Pediatric issues in new therapies for hepatitis B and C. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C: FDA public meeting on peginterferon plus ribavirin, Nov. 14. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C virus infection. |
| PubMed:Ribavirin and chronic hepatitis C infection. |
| PubMed:Ribavirin for hepatitis C: 80% price reduction available July 9? |
| PubMed:Ribavirin approved with a big fat price. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C: new treatment overview. |
| PubMed:Treating hepatitis C: a clinician's perspective. Interview by Bob Roehr. |
| PubMed:Can science meet the challenges of the HCV pandemic: new treatment options for chronic hepatitis C. |
| PubMed:Ribavirin approved for hepatitis C combination treatment. |
| PubMed:FDA approves new combination treatment for hepatitis C. Food and Drug Administration. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C and HIV: ribavirin plus interferon study recruiting. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C important treatment advance: interview with Douglas Dieterich, M.D. Interview by John S. James. |
| PubMed:Pediatric drug trials: women and children last? |
| PubMed:The clinical pharmacology of ribavirin. |
| PubMed:Underused options for preventing and treating influenza. |
| PubMed:Hepatitis C not incurable. |
| PubMed:From the Food and Drug Administration. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): potential for bedside diagnosis. |
| PubMed:Molecular mechanisms of action of ribavirin. |
| PubMed:AIDS drug gets green light. |
| PubMed:Ribavirin aerosol approved for severe cases of RSV in infants and young children. |
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3D/inchi