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Category:indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.88900 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Melting Point: | -108.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 65.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 162.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. |
| Flash Point: | 1.00 °F. TCC ( -17.22 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 0.460 |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
| Azelis UK |
| Tetrahydrofuran
|
| BASF |
| THF Pharma
Odor: characteristic Use: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is an organic solvent and belongs to the class of (cyclic) ethers. It is a colourless, water-miscible liquid with an ether-like odour. THF is used as a solvent of intermediate polarity for organic substances and as a reaction medium or starting material for various syntheses. |
| Charkit Chemical |
| TETRAHYDROFURAN
|
| Covalent Chemical |
| Tetrahydrofuran
|
| ECSA Chemicals |
| TETRAHYDROFURAN RS-FOR HPLC-ISOCRATIC GRADE-
|
| ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY |
| ECSA Chemicals |
| TETRAHYDROFURAN RS-FOR HPLC-ISOCRATIC GRADE-
|
| ECSA Chemicals |
| TETRAHYDROFURANE
|
| EMD Millipore |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Tetrahydrofuran
|
| Glentham Life Sciences |
| Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, for analysis, unstabilised
|
| Glentham Life Sciences |
| Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.9%, unstabilised
|
| Glentham Life Sciences |
| Tetrahydrofuran
|
| LyondellBasell Industries |
| Tetrahydrofuran
|
| Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Tetrahydrofuran ≥99%
|
| Shiva Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals |
| Tetrahydrofuran
|
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Tetrahydrofuran anhydrous, =99.9%, inhibitor-free
|
| Silver Fern Chemical |
| Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Odor: characteristic Use: Tetrahydrofuran is used as a solvent for natural and synthetic resins, in coatings, adhesives, inks, and as a chemical intermediate. |
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 1650 mg/kg
GAF Material Safety Data Sheet
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 2900 mg/kg
Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 24, Pg. 373, 1982.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1900 mg/kg
Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. Vol. 24, Pg. 373, 1982.
oral-guinea pig LD50 2300 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 34(9), Pg. 114, 1969.
intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo 500 mg/kg
LIVER: FATTY LIVER DEGERATION
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 35, Pg. 21, 1974.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LC50 21000 ppm/3H
BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP
GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
Sumitomo Sangyo Eisei. Sumitomo Industrial Health. Vol. 20, Pg. 141, 1984.
inhalation-human TCLo 25000 ppm
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 580, 1969.
inhalation-mouse LCLo 24000 mg/m3/2H
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 5, Pg. 21, 1963.
inhalation-rabbit LC > 1200 ppm/4H
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION
Sumitomo Sangyo Eisei. Sumitomo Industrial Health. Vol. 18, Pg. 89, 1982.
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings |
| Recommendation for tetrahydrofuran usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Recommendation for tetrahydrofuran flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | agrisynth THF | | oxa | cyclopentane | | | cyclotetramethylene oxide | | 1,4- | epoxybutane | | | furan, tetrahydro- | | | furanidine | | | oxolane | | | tetrahydrofuran [UN2056] [Flammable liquid] | | | tetrahydrofurane |
Articles:
| PubMed:[New methods for analysis and evaluation of sensory qualities of foods and calculation of changes. 10. Quantitative titrimetric determination of irradiation flavor in apple juice and concentrate and its dependence on radiation dosage]. |
| PubMed:[New methods for evaluation and analysis of organoleptic qualities of foods and for calculation of changes. 9. Dependence of irradiation flavor of apple juice and concentrate on the gamma radiation dose]. |
| PubMed:Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Non-aqueous Capillary Electrophoresis for the Determination of Imazalil, Prochloraz and Thiabendazole in Apples, Cherry Tomatoes and Grape Juice. |
| PubMed:Development a novel supramolecular solvent microextraction procedure for copper in environmental samples and its determination by microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Three new anti-proliferative Annonaceous acetogenins with mono-tetrahydrofuran ring from graviola fruit (Annona muricata). |
| PubMed:Synthesis of All Stereoisomers of 3,3'-Dimethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignane-4,4'-diol and Their Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity. |
| PubMed:[Analytical method of volatile substances in styrene polymers by head-space gas chromatography using o-dichlorobenzene]. |
| PubMed:A rapid and highly specific method to evaluate the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Borago officinalis seed oil. |
| PubMed:Chemical state of heterocyclic aromatic amines in grilled beef: evaluation by in vitro digestion model and comparison of alkaline hydrolysis and organic solvent for extraction. |
| PubMed:Identification, biological characterization and pharmacophoric analysis of a new potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonist clinical candidate. |
| PubMed:Solvent effects and improvements in the deoxyribose degradation assay for hydroxyl radical-scavenging. |
| PubMed:Selective extraction of lamivudine in human serum and urine using molecularly imprinted polymer technique. |
| PubMed:Recognition of O6-benzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine by a perimidinone-derived synthetic nucleoside: a DNA interstrand stacking interaction. |
| PubMed:Statistical approach to study the interactive effects of process parameters for enhanced xylitol production by Candida tropicalis and its potential for the synthesis of xylitol monoesters. |
| PubMed:A sensitive and selective imprinted solid phase extraction coupled to HPLC for simultaneous detection of trace quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and methyl-3-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid in animal muscles. |
| PubMed:Six cytotoxic annonaceous acetogenins from Annona squamosa seeds. |
| PubMed:Tissue distribution and cytochrome P450 inhibition of sesaminol and its tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites. |
| PubMed:Characterization of Miscanthus giganteus lignin isolated by ethanol organosolv process under reflux condition. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous analysis and monitoring of 16 UV filters in cosmetics by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Ultrasensitive determination of jasmonic acid in plant tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. |
| PubMed:Environment-responsive alkanol-based supramolecular solvents: characterization and potential as restricted access property and mixed-mode extractants. |
| PubMed:Generalized and rapid supramolecular solvent-based sample treatment for the determination of annatto in food. |
| PubMed:Detecting trace melamine in solution by SERS using Ag nanoparticle coated poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) nanospheres as novel active substrates. |
| PubMed:Chain length effects in isoflavonoid daidzein alkoxy derivatives as antioxidants: a quantum mechanical approach. |
| PubMed:SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid: efficient catalyst for bagasse liquefaction. |
| PubMed:Low-parachor solvents extraction and thermostated micro-thin-layer chromatography separation for fast screening and classification of spirulina from pharmaceutical formulations and food samples. |
| PubMed:Optimization and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of azithromycin and its related compounds. |
| PubMed:Isohexide derivatives from renewable resources as chiral building blocks. |
| PubMed:Determination of trace biogenic amines with 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(N-hydroxysuccinimidyl butyric ester)-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene derivatization using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. |
| PubMed:Charged states of 1,3,5-triazine molecules as models for star-shaped molecular architecture: a DFT and spectroelectrochemical study. |
| PubMed:Intestinal distribution and excretion of sesaminol and its tetrahydrofuranoid metabolites in rats. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis and enantioselectivity in the production of the lilac compounds in Actinidia arguta flowers. |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of a highly selective sucrose isomerase from Erwinia rhapontici NX-5. |
| PubMed:The effect of fullerenes and functionalized fullerenes on Daphnia magna phototaxis and swimming behavior. |
| PubMed:Comparison of tetrahydrofuran, fetal calf serum, and Tween 40 for the delivery of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin to HepG2 cells. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of 56 wild fruits from South China. |
| PubMed:Molecular design of dinotefuran with unique insecticidal properties. |
| PubMed:Multiresidue analysis of sulfonamides in meat by supramolecular solvent microextraction, liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection and method validation according to the 2002/657/EC decision. |
| PubMed:Tetrahydrofuran-water extraction, in-line clean-up and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation of perfluorinated compounds in food at the low picogram per gram level. |
| PubMed:Separation and purification of xylose oligomers using centrifugal partition chromatography. |
| PubMed:Identification of ferulate oligomers from corn stover. |
| PubMed:Critical assessment of three high performance liquid chromatography analytical methods for food carotenoid quantification. |
| PubMed:Analytical characterization of PEG polymers by MEKC. |
| PubMed:Microstructure and elution of tetracycline from block copolymer coatings. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of sesaminol triglucoside to mammalian lignans by intestinal microbiota. |
| PubMed:Cell viability of normal human skin fibroblast and fibroblasts derived from granulation tissue: effects of nutraceuticals. |
| PubMed:Lignans and other constituents of the fruits of Euterpe oleracea (Acai) with antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. |
| PubMed:[Analysis the pollution level of organotins in aquatic food and port wine]. |
| PubMed:Determination of coenzyme Q10 and Q9 in vegetable oils. |
| PubMed:Potential of supramolecular solvents for the extraction of contaminants in liquid foods. |
| PubMed:Determination of organotins in aquatic food by gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection. |
| PubMed:Quantification of glycolic acid in cosmetic products using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Quantification of appetite suppressing steroid glycosides from Hoodia gordonii in dried plant material, purified extracts and food products using HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS methods. |
| PubMed:Separation of complex branched polymers by size-exclusion chromatography probed with multiple detection. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous analysis of free amino acids and biogenic amines in honey and wine samples using in loop orthophthalaldeyde derivatization procedure. |
| PubMed:The protective role of carotenoids against 7-keto-cholesterol formation in solution. |
| PubMed:Development and application of a validated HPLC method for the analysis of dissolution samples of gabapentin drug products. |
| PubMed:Development of a new method for the complete extraction of carotenoids from cereals with special reference to durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). |
| PubMed:Impact of fullerene (C60) on a soil microbial community. |
| PubMed:Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and endocrine disruption in rats. |
| PubMed:Fast cleanup method for the analysis of Sudan I-IV and para red in various foods and paprika color (oleoresin) by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection: focus on removal of fat and oil as fatty acid methyl esters prepared by transesterification of acylglycerols. |
| PubMed:Development of a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of glucosamine in pharmaceutical formulations. |
| PubMed:Conjugated linoleic acids modulate UVR-induced IL-8 and PGE2 in human skin cells: potential of CLA isomers in nutritional photoprotection. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant content of and migration from commercial polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride packages. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, crystal structure, and biological activities of 2-cyanoacrylates containing furan or tetrahydrofuran moieties. |
| PubMed:The use of fetal bovine serum as delivery vehicle to improve the uptake and stability of lycopene in cell culture studies. |
| PubMed:Visualization of astaxanthin localization in HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells by combined confocal resonance Raman and fluorescence microspectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Practical production of 6-O-octanoyl-D-allose and its biological activity on plant growth. |
| PubMed:Structural identification of dehydrotriferulic and dehydrotetraferulic acids isolated from insoluble maize bran fiber. |
| PubMed:[Determination of bitter components in citrus juice by high performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed:Estimation of sucrose esters (E473) in foods using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:[Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection]. |
| PubMed:Lilac alcohol epoxide: a linalool derivative in Actinidia arguta flowers. |
| PubMed:Determination of ascorbic acid and carotenoids in food commodities by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. |
| PubMed:[Spectrophotometric method for the determination of water in organic solvents]. |
| PubMed:Asimitrin and 4-hydroxytrilobin, new bioactive annonaceous acetogenins from the seeds of Asimina triloba possessing a bis-tetrahydrofuran ring. |
| PubMed:Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coffee brew using solid-phase extraction. |
| PubMed:Capillary electrochromatography of sterols and related steryl esters derived from vegetable oils. |
| PubMed:Photodecomposition of Pigment Yellow 74, a pigment used in tattoo inks. |
| PubMed:Sample preparation and determination of ginkgo terpene trilactones in selected beverage, snack, and dietary supplement products by liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. |
| PubMed:Determination of diazepam in cream biscuits by liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Contribution of phospholipid pyrrolization to the color reversion produced during deodorization of poorly degummed vegetable oils. |
| PubMed:Use of Tween 40 and Tween 80 to deliver a mixture of phytochemicals to human colonic adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo-2) monolayers. |
| PubMed:Detection of apple juice concentrate in the manufacture of natural and sparkling cider by means of HPLC chemometric sugar analyses. |
| PubMed:International Conference on Harmonisation; final recommendations on the revision of the permitted daily exposures for two solvents, n-methylpyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran, according to the maintenance procedures for the guidance Q3C Impurities: Residual Solvents; Availability. Notice. |
| PubMed:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrahydrofuran (CAS No. 109-99-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). |
| PubMed:Lycopene inhibits proliferation and enhances gap-junction communication of KB-1 human oral tumor cells. |
| PubMed:Identification and quantitation of major carotenoids in selected components of the Mediterranean diet: green leafy vegetables, figs and olive oil. |
| PubMed:Tetrahydrofuran: two-generation reproduction toxicity in Wistar rats by continuous administration in the drinking water. |
| PubMed:The 3-(N-tert-butylcarboxamido)-1-propyl group as an attractive phosphate/thiophosphate protecting group for solid-phase oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis. |
| PubMed:Use of capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence for attomole detection of amino acids. |
| PubMed:Measurement of cis and trans isomers of vitamin K1 in rat tissues by liquid chromatography with a C30 column. |
| PubMed:In vitro dermal absorption of flame retardant chemicals. |
| PubMed:Asitrocin, (2,4)-cis- and trans-asitrocinones: novel bioactive mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins from Asimina triloba seeds. |
| PubMed:Avocadofurans and their tetrahydrofuran analogues: comparison of growth inhibitory and insecticidal activity. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a solvent resistant and thermostable aminopeptidase from the hyperthermophillic bacterium, Aquifex aeolicus. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of tomato products as studied by model reactions using xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, and copper-induced lipid peroxidation. |
| PubMed:A highly convenient synthesis of hydroxytyrosol and its recovery from agricultural waste waters. |
| PubMed:19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the quantitative detection and classification of carbonyl groups in lignins. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of flumequine, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and piromidic acid residues in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). |
| PubMed:Determination of trichlormethiazide in bovine milk by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Reactivity of beta-carotene towards peroxyl radicals studied by laser flash and steady-state photolysis. |
| PubMed:beta-Carotene uptake and effects on intracellular levels of retinol in vitro. |
| PubMed:Determination of phenylbutazone residues in bovine milk by liquid chromatography with UV detection. |
| PubMed:Cytotoxic effect of beta-carotene in vitro is dependent on serum concentration and source. |
| PubMed:Application of reversed-phase liquid chromatography and prepacked C18 cartridges for the analysis of oxytetracycline and related compounds. |
| PubMed:Determination of patulin in apple juice by liquid chromatography: collaborative study. |
| PubMed:Determination of polymerized triglycerides in frying fats and oils by gel permeation chromatography: interlaboratory study. |
| PubMed:Evidence for production of platelet-activating factor by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. |
| PubMed:[Effect of ripening and drying on pro-vitamin A carotenoid content in pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Anaheim)]. |
| PubMed:Speciation of organotins in poly(vinyl chloride) products. |
| PubMed:Solid-phase extraction and HPLC determination of 4-vinyl guaiacol and its precursor, ferulic acid, in orange juice. |
| PubMed:Determination of cholesterol and cortisone absorption in polyurethane. I. Methodology using size-exclusion chromatography and dual detection. |
| PubMed:Determination of phenol in poly(vinyl chloride). |
| PubMed:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Furfural (CAS No. 98-01-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). |
| PubMed:Non-aqueous size-exclusion chromatography coupled on-line to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Interface development and applications to the analysis of low-molecular-weight contaminants and additives in foods. |
| PubMed:Investigations of the origin of the furan fatty acids (F-acids). |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic method for analysis of elemental sulfur in pesticide formulations. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of carbamazepine in tablets. |
| PubMed:Rapid determination of aflatoxins in raw peanuts by liquid chromatography with postcolumn iodination and modified minicolumn cleanup. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of coumarin anticoagulants in tablets: collaborative study. |
| PubMed:[New methods for evaluation and analysis of organoleptic qualities of foods and for calculation of changes. 9. Dependence of irradiation flavor of apple juice and concentrate on the gamma radiation dose]. |
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Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a contaminant of exposure and appears in human biofluids. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced recommendations to revise the permitted daily exposures for THF, and so has the International Conference on Harmonisation. THF oxidizes readily, which can lead to instability and result in cytotoxicity. It is a colourless low-viscosity liquid with a smell similar to diethyl ether and is one of the most polar ethers. Tetrahydrofuran is essentially considered in occupational toxicology, and acute poisoning cases are extremely rare. THF is often used for hydroborations used to synthesize primary alcohols. THF is often used as a solvent for Grignard reagents because of the oxygen atom's ability to coordinate to the magnesium ion component of the Grignard reagent (an organometallic chemical reaction involving alkyl- or aryl-magnesium halides). THF is often used in polymer science. For example, it can be used to dissolve rubber prior to determining its molecular mass using gel permeation chromatography. THF tends to form peroxides on storage in air. (wikipedia, PMID: 16999122, 12742700, 14619948) [HMDB]
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3D/inchi