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Category:special dietary and nutritional additives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 109.00 to 110.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 407.00 to 408.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 392.00 °F. TCC ( 200.00 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | -0.696 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 2.429e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Similar Items:note |
| acetyl-dextro,laevo-tryptophan |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 22 - Do not breath dust.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
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| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 400 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD691-490
intravenous-mouse LD50 3800 mg/kg
BRAIN AND COVERINGS: RECORDINGS FROM SPECIFIC AREAS OF CNS
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 10, Pg. 1172, 1967.
oral-mouse LD50 4400 mg/kg
European Patent Application. Vol. #0192191
intravenous-rat LD50 1140 mg/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES
European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. Vol. 61(Suppl
oral-rat LD50 5050 mg/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 185, 1971.
intravenous-dog LD50 700 mg/kg
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 479, 1979.
oral-dog LD50 > 1000 mg/kg
Pharmacological and Biochemical Properties of Drug Substances. Vol. 2, Pg. 479, 1979.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| Recommendation for acetyl-laevo-cysteine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Recommendation for acetyl-laevo-cysteine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to N-Acetyl-L-cysteine for use in foods for particular nutritional uses and in foods for special medical purposes
View page or View pdf
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| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):616-91-1 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :12035 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| (2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid |
| Chemidplus:0000616911 |
| RTECS:HA1660000 for cas# 616-91-1 |
References:
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C06809 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB01890 |
| FooDB: | FDB002281 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2930.90.9190 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| MedlinePlusSupp: | View |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations:
parenteral: for injection concentrate, for iv infusion: 200 mgml acetadote (cumberland).
oral inhalation, intratracheal instillation, and oral: solution: 100 mg (of acetylcysteine) per ml (10%), acetylcysteine sodium solution, (abbott, american regent, bedford, dey, mayne, roxane); mucomyst (sandoz); 200 mg (of acetylcysteine) per ml (20%) acetylcysteine sodium solution (abbott, american regent, bedford, dey, mayne, roxane); mucomyst (sandoz). acetylcysteine sodium
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
| | antioxidants |
| | skin conditioning |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (R)-2- | acetamido-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | | (2R)-2- | acetamido-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid | | (2R)-2- | acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | | L-a- | acetamido-b-mercaptopropionic acid | | L-alpha- | acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic acid | | laevo-alpha- | acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic acid | | | acetilcisteina | | | acetyl cysteine | | N- | acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine | | N- | acetyl-L-(+)-cysteine | | N- | acetyl-L-cysteine | | | acetyl-laevo-cysteine | | N- | acetyl-laevo-cysteine | | (R)-2- | acetylamino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | | (2R)-2- | acetylamino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | | 2-( | acetylamino)-3-mercaptopropionic acid | | (2R)-2-( | acetylamino)-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | | | acetylcysteine | | | acetylcysteinum | | | airbron | | | broncholysin | | | brunac | | | cysteine, N-(1-hydroxyethylidene)-, (Z)- | | L- | cysteine, N-acetyl- | | | cysteine, N-acetyl-, L- | | | exomuc | | | fabrol | | | fluatox | | | fluimicil infantil | | | fluimucetin | | | fluimucil | | | flumucetin | | | fluprowit | | | inspir | | | LNAC | | | lysomucil | | | mercapturic acid | | (R)- | mercapturic acid | | | mucofilin | | | mucolator | | | mucolyticum | | | mucolytikum lappe | | | mucomyst | | | mucosil | | | mucosolvin | | | mucret | | | NASGC | | | parvolex | | | respaire | | | tixair |
Articles:
| PubMed:Isoegomaketone induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. |
| PubMed:Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in T24 human urinary bladder cancer cells through a reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway: The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. |
| PubMed:Activation of JNK contributes to evodiamine-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in human colorectal carcinoma cells: a structure-activity study of evodiamine. |
| PubMed:Isoorientin induces apoptosis and autophagy simultaneously by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related p53, PI3K/Akt, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways in HepG2 cancer cells. |
| PubMed:ω-Hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in non-small cell lung cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Chimaphilin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. |
| PubMed:Atmospheric gas plasma-induced ROS production activates TNF-ASK1 pathway for the induction of melanoma cancer cell apoptosis. |
| PubMed:Ampelopsin induces cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells through ROS generation and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. |
| PubMed:Alternative Biomarkers of n-Hexane exposure: Characterization of aminoderived pyrroles and thiol-pyrrole conjugates in urine of rats exposed to 2,5-Hexanedione. |
| PubMed:The role of oxidative stress in citreoviridin-induced DNA damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. |
| PubMed:Sulforaphane induces reactive oxygen species-mediated mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis in human bladder cancer 5637 cells. |
| PubMed:Oxidative stress contributes to gold nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in human tumor cells. |
| PubMed:Aflatoxin G1-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage and triggers apoptosis through MAPK signaling pathway in A549 cells. |
| PubMed:Dose-dependent folic acid and memantine treatments promote synergistic or additive protection against Aβ(25-35) peptide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells mediated by mitochondria stress-associated death signals. |
| PubMed:Protective effects of 6-hydroxy-1-methylindole-3-acetonitrile on cisplatin-induced oxidative nephrotoxicity via Nrf2 inactivation. |
| PubMed:Comparative analysis of ER stress response into HIV protease inhibitors: lopinavir but not darunavir induces potent ER stress response via ROS/JNK pathway. |
| PubMed:Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of spanish honeys. |
| PubMed:Reactive oxygen species mediate tolfenamic acid-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Reduced scytonemin isolated from Nostoc commune induces autophagic cell death in human T-lymphoid cell line Jurkat cells. |
| PubMed:Modulation of antioxidant defense system by the dithiocarbamate fungicides Maneb and Zineb in Chinese hamster V79 cells and the role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. |
| PubMed:Determination of benzyl isothiocyanate metabolites in human plasma and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS after ingestion of nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.). |
| PubMed:γ-Tocotrienol induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activating the Bax-mediated mitochondrial and AMPK signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. |
| PubMed:Rats with metabolic syndrome resist the protective effects of N-acetyl l-cystein against impaired spermatogenesis induced by high-phosphorus/zinc-free diet. |
| PubMed:Coumestrol induces senescence through protein kinase CKII inhibition-mediated reactive oxygen species production in human breast cancer and colon cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Genotoxicity of 2-bromo-3'-chloropropiophenone. |
| PubMed:Oxidative DNA damage is involved in ochratoxin A-induced G2 arrest through ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) pathways in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro. |
| PubMed:Foodomics platform for the assay of thiols in wines with fluorescence derivatization and ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using multivariate statistical analysis. |
| PubMed:Verrucarin A enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis via NF-κB-mediated Fas overexpression. |
| PubMed:Antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas graminis CPA-7 against foodborne pathogens in fresh-cut apples under simulated commercial conditions. |
| PubMed:An iTRAQ-based mitoproteomics approach for profiling the nephrotoxicity mechanisms of ochratoxin A in HEK 293 cells. |
| PubMed:Herbacetin induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells: Involvements of ROS and PI3K/Akt pathway. |
| PubMed:Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through ROS-mediated activation of JNK and AP-1. |
| PubMed:The chinese herbal decoction danggui buxue tang inhibits angiogenesis in a rat model of liver fibrosis. |
| PubMed:Oleic acid and glucose regulate glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor expression in a rat pancreatic ductal cell line. |
| PubMed:Platycodin D induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human breast cancer cells. |
| PubMed:A role for virally induced reactive oxygen species in Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus tumorigenesis. |
| PubMed:Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in apoptosis induced by α-tocopheryl succinate in human gastric carcinoma cells. |
| PubMed:Beta-eleostearic acid induce apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathway. |
| PubMed:Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis of human basal cell carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and the mitochondrial pathway. |
| PubMed:Ochratoxin A induces oxidative DNA damage and G1 phase arrest in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. |
| PubMed:Involvement of intracellular oxidative stress-sensitive pathway in phloxine B-induced photocytotoxicity in human T lymphocytic leukemia cells. |
| PubMed:Isoobtusilactone A sensitizes human hepatoma Hep G2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ROS and CHOP-mediated up-regulation of DR5. |
| PubMed:Aminoacylase 1-catalysed deacetylation of bioactives epoxides mycotoxin-derived mercapturates; 3,4-epoxyprecocenes as models of cytotoxic epoxides. |
| PubMed:Oxidative stress impairs HIF1α activation: a novel mechanism for increased vulnerability of steatotic hepatocytes to hypoxic stress. |
| PubMed:Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by 2-dodecylcyclobutanone, a radiolytic product of palmitic acid, in human lymphoma U937 cells. |
| PubMed:Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human melanoma A375.S2 cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and both mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-mediated multiple signaling pathways. |
| PubMed:Echinacea alkamides prevent lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute hepatic injury through JNK pathway-mediated HO-1 expression. |
| PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits cell activation and liver fibrosis in rat hepatic stellate cells. |
| PubMed:Exopolysaccharide of Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus downregulates LPS-induced production of NO, PGE₂, and TNF-α in BV2 microglia cells via suppression of the NF-κB pathway. |
| PubMed:Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against maneb induced oxidative and apoptotic injury in Chinese hamster V79 cells. |
| PubMed:L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and glutathione protect Xenopus laevis embryos against acrylamide-induced malformations and mortality in the frog embryo teratogenesis assay. |
| PubMed:Quercetin Prevents Unloading-Derived Disused Muscle Atrophy by Attenuating the Induction of Ubiquitin Ligases in Tail-Suspension Mice. |
| PubMed:Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh-cut mango quality in storage. |
| PubMed:Resveratrol, a dietary polyphenolic phytoalexin, is a functional scavenger of peroxynitrite. |
| PubMed:6-dehydrogingerdione sensitizes human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-mediated increase of DR5. |
| PubMed:Proteinaceous cytotoxic component of Allium sativum induces apoptosis of INT-407 intestinal cells. |
| PubMed:Studies of acetaminophen and metabolites in urine and their correlations with toxicity using metabolomics. |
| PubMed:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis of human hepatoma cells by mitochondrial pathways related to reactive oxygen species. |
| PubMed:Exercise-induced elevation in plasma oxidative generating capability augments the temporal inflammatory response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of mercapturic acid (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)-aflatoxin B1 adduct and its quantitation in rat urine by an enzyme immunoassay. |
| PubMed:Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits STAT3 activation in prostate cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Improving the quality of fresh-cut apples, pears, and melons using natural additives. |
| PubMed:The effects of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on reactive oxygen species in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes depend on the glutathione and 67 kDa laminin receptor pathways. |
| PubMed:Advances in protein-amino acid nutrition of poultry. |
| PubMed:Comparative study on essential oils incorporated into an alginate-based edible coating to assure the safety and quality of fresh-cut Fuji apples. |
| PubMed:Characterization of covalent addition products of chlorogenic acid quinone with amino acid derivatives in model systems and apple juice by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Identification of Genes Responding to Low-Dose Arsenite Using HiCEP. |
| PubMed:Effects of antioxidants on cancer prevention and neuromotor performance in Atm deficient mice. |
| PubMed:Modifying effects of dietary factors on (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced pro-matrix metalloproteinase-7 production in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Cytoprotective effects of selenium on cadmium-induced LLC-PK1 cells apoptosis by activating JNK pathway. |
| PubMed:Areca nut extract suppresses T-cell activation and interferon-gamma production via the induction of oxidative stress. |
| PubMed:Isoobtusilactone A-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma Hep G2 cells is mediated via increased NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the mitochondria-associated apoptotic mechanisms. |
| PubMed:Oxidative DNA damage induced by Ochratoxin A in the HK-2 human kidney cell line: evidence of the relationship with cytotoxicity. |
| PubMed:N-acetylcysteine is a highly available precursor for cysteine in the neonatal piglet receiving parenteral nutrition. |
| PubMed:Reactive oxygen species mediate shear stress-induced fluid-phase endocytosis in vascular endothelial cells. |
| PubMed:Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the immunosuppressive effect of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), a food-born carcinogenic heterocyclic amine. |
| PubMed:Triacylglycerol-mediated oxidative stress inhibits nitric oxide production in rat isolated hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Induction of quinone reductase by sulforaphane and sulforaphane N-acetylcysteine conjugate in murine hepatoma cells. |
| PubMed:Effect of sulforaphane on metallothionein expression and induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. |
| PubMed:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes pro-matrix metalloproteinase-7 production via activation of the JNK1/2 pathway in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Induction of apoptosis by the Anthocyanidins through regulation of Bcl-2 gene and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascade in hepatoma cells. |
| PubMed:Acrylonitrile-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in isolated rat colonocytes. |
| PubMed:Hot-water extracts from adzuki beans (Vigna angularis) suppress not only the proliferation of KATO III cells in culture but also benzo(a)pyrene-induced tumorigenesis in mouse forestomatch. |
| PubMed:Tumor profile of novel p53 heterozygous Tg.AC (v-Ha-ras) bitransgenic mice treated with benzo(a)pyrene and fed dietary N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). |
| PubMed:Conjugated linoleic acid--mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cells involves the production of reactive oxygen species. |
| PubMed:Oxidative DNA damage and glioma cell death induced by tetrahydropapaveroline. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of isothiocyanate-derived mercapturic acids. |
| PubMed:Differential activation of MAPK and ICE/Ced-3 protease in chemical-induced apoptosis. The role of oxidative stress in the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) leading to gene expression and survival or activation of caspases leading to apoptosis. |
| PubMed:The role of oxidative stress in the ochratoxin A-mediated toxicity in proximal tubular cells. |
| PubMed:In vitro effect of bioactive compounds on influenza virus specific B- and T-cell responses. |
| PubMed:Induction of xenobiotic enzymes by the MAP kinase pathway and the antioxidant or electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE). |
| PubMed:Molecular mechanisms of butylated hydroxylanisole-induced toxicity: induction of apoptosis through direct release of cytochrome c. |
| PubMed:Electrophilic properties of patulin. N-acetylcysteine and glutathione adducts. |
| PubMed:Apoptosis induced by chelation of intracellular zinc is associated with depletion of cellular reduced glutathione level in rat hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Effects of L-cysteine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on 4-hydroxy-2, 5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol), 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, and 5-methylfurfural formation and browning in buffer solutions containing either rhamnose or glucose and arginine. |
| PubMed:Arecoline cytotoxicity on human oral mucosal fibroblasts related to cellular thiol and esterase activities. |
| PubMed:Involvement of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical in chemically induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. |
| PubMed:Butylated hydroxyanisole and its metabolite tert-butylhydroquinone differentially regulate mitogen-activated protein kinases. The role of oxidative stress in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by phenolic antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing amino acids on burnt off-flavours in canned liver sausages. |
| PubMed:Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-tumor promoter, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. |
| PubMed:Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver. |
| PubMed:Role of glutathione redox cycle in TNF-alpha-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction. |
| PubMed:Separation of enantiomers of N-acetylcysteine by capillary electrophoresis after derivatization by o-phthaldialdehyde. |
| PubMed:Bioavailable level and source of cysteine determine protein quality of a commercial enteral product: adequacy of tryptophan but deficiency of cysteine for rats fed an enteral product prepared fresh or stored beyond shelf life. |
| PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic resolution of (R, S)-α-alkyl-α-amino acids as diastereomeric derivatives. |
| PubMed:Browning prevention in fresh and dehydrated potatoes by SH-containing amino acids. |
| PubMed:Automated enantioseparation of amino acids by derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and n-acylated cysteines. |
| PubMed:The utilization and safety of isomeric sulfur-containing amino acids in mice. |
| PubMed:Inactivation of aflatoxin B1 mutagenicity by thiols. |
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the n-acetyl derivative of cysteine. it is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. it has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with hiv due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates. Effective inhibitor of enzymic browning in foods [DFC]
N-Acetyl-L-cysteine is a pharmaceutical drug and nutritional supplement used primarily as a mucolytic agent and in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Other uses include sulfate repletion in conditions, such as autism, where cysteine and related sulfur amino acids may be depleted. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine is a precursor in the formation of the antioxidant glutathione in the body. The thiol group confers antioxidant effects and is able to reduce free radicals. [Wikipedia]
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3D/inchi