Category:boiler water additives used in the preparation of steam that will contact food
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 1.02100 @ 25.00 °C.
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Refractive Index: | 1.47000 @ 20.00 °C.
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Vapor Pressure: | 20.748000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 126.00 °F. TCC ( 52.22 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 0.670 (est) |
Soluble in: |
| water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 60 mg/kg Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 71, 1973.
intramuscular-dog LD50 16500 ug/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 16(6), Pg. 53, 1972.
intravenous-dog LD50 25 mg/kg Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 71, 1973.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 62 mg/kg Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 71, 1973.
intravenous-mouse LD50 57 mg/kg Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 71, 1973.
oral-mouse LD50 59 mg/kg Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 71, 1973.
unreported-mouse LD50 200 mg/kg British Journal of Cancer. Vol. 6, Pg. 160, 1952.
intramuscular-rabbit LD50 38500 ug/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 16(6), Pg. 53, 1972.
intravenous-rabbit LD50 20 mg/kg AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 9, Pg. 199, 1954.
intramuscular-rat LD50 53500 ug/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 16(6), Pg. 53, 1972.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 59 mg/kg Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 71, 1973.
intravenous-rat LD50 55 mg/kg Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. Vol. 24, Pg. 71, 1973.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 91 mg/kg AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 9, Pg. 199, 1954.
skin-dog LDLo 96 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 186, 1972.
skin-guinea pig LD50 190 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD U.S. Army Chemical Warfare Laboratories. Vol. CWL
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LC50 570 ppm/4H BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 12, Pg. 609, 1955.
inhalation-mouse LC50 252 ppm/4H BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 12, Pg. 609, 1955.
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | boiler water additives used in the preparation of steam that will contact food |
Recommendation for hydrazine usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Recommendation for hydrazine flavor usage levels up to: |
| not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
(IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
(IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
CHEBI: | View |
CHEMBL: | View |
KEGG (GenomeNet): | C05361 |
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB12973 |
FooDB: | FDB013394 |
Export Tariff Code: | 2825.10.0000 |
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: •hydrazine is produced in usa in a propellant grade which contains a minimum of 97.5% of active ingredient.
•grade: to 99% pure
•anhydrous propellant grade
•liquid grade, 55%, 85%, 100% hydrate solutions
•17%, 25%, 35%, 55%, 75%, 85%, 100% hydrate grades
•hydrazine is available in anhydrous form as well as aqueous solutions, typically 35, 51.2, 54.4, and 64 wt% n2h4.
•hydrazine hydrate is a colorless liquid containing 63.4% hydrazine (1:1 n2h4:h2o). aqueous solutions with lower hydrazine contents are also available. a 35% aqueous solution is commonly used for boiler treatment applications.
•hydrazine, greater than or equal to 98.5 wt%; water, less than or equal to 1.0 wt%; chloride, less than or equal to 5 ppm; iron, less than or equal to 20 ppm; aniline, less than or equal to 0.5 wt%; non-volatile residue, less than or equal to 0.005 wt%; carbon dioxide, less than 0.02 wt%; carbon volatile, greater than 0.02 wt%; density 1.008-1.002 gml at 25 deg c.
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| hydrazine, anhydrous or hydrazine aqueous solutions with >64% hydrazine, by mass [UN2029] [Corrosive] | | hydrazine, aqueous solution with not >37% hydrazine, by mass [UN3293] [Poison] | | nitrogen hydride |
Articles:
Info:Hydrazine |
PubMed:Photoluminescence, chemiluminescence and anodic electrochemiluminescence of hydrazide-modified graphene quantum dots. |
PubMed:Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry of N-glycans derivatized with isonicotinic hydrazide and its biotinylated form. |
PubMed:Iron-rich drinking water and ascorbic acid supplementation improved hemolytic anemia in experimental Wistar rats. |
PubMed:Regioselective synthesis of polycyclic aza-oxa and aza-oxa-thia heteroarenes as Colo-205 and HepG2 carcinoma cells growth inhibitors. |
PubMed:Use of activated enol ethers in the synthesis of pyrazoles: reactions with hydrazine and a study of pyrazole tautomerism. |
PubMed:Synthesis and isomerization of some novel pyrazolopyrimidine and pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine derivatives. |
PubMed:Combination of low dose of the anti-adipogenic agents resveratrol and phenelzine in drinking water is not sufficient to prevent obesity in very-high-fat diet-fed mice. |
PubMed:Modulation of liver function, antioxidant responses, insulin resistance and glucose transport by Oroxylum indicum stem bark in STZ induced diabetic rats. |
PubMed:Pro-oxidant/antioxidant behaviours of ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and plant extracts in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid rich oil-in-water emulsions. |
PubMed:Synthesis, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of new fused pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives from new 5-aminopyrazoles. |
PubMed:Synthesis of nano-Se/bamboo charcoal composites via hydrothermal method and their application on remaining fresh of cutting roses. |
PubMed:Occurrence of cytotoxic 9-oxononanoyl secosterol aldehydes in human low-density lipoprotein. |
PubMed:Anammox bacterial populations in deep marine hypersaline gradient systems. |
PubMed:The amine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine limits lipogenesis in adipocytes without inhibiting insulin action on glucose uptake. |
PubMed:Synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. |
PubMed:Synthesis and bioactivity study of 2-acylamino-substituted N'-benzylbenzohydrazide derivatives. |
PubMed:Plant-derived phenolics inhibit the accrual of structurally characterised protein and lipid oxidative modifications. |
PubMed:Immobilization of β-galactosidase on modified polypropilene membranes. |
PubMed:2-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-oxy)acetohydrazide. |
PubMed:Antioxidant capacity changes of 3 cultivar Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juices and corresponding wines. |
PubMed:Insights into the mechanisms mediating hyperglycemic and stressogenic outcomes in rats treated with monocrotophos, an organophosphorus insecticide. |
PubMed:[Studies on tea and health]. |
PubMed:Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 isolated from south Indian fermented food Kallappam suppress 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer in male Wistar rats. |
PubMed:Detection, accumulation, distribution, and depletion of furaltadone and nifursol residues in poultry muscle, liver, and gizzard. |
PubMed:Development of two stable isotope dilution assays for the quantitation of acrolein in heat-processed fats. |
PubMed:Effect of gallic acid on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats--a chemopreventive approach. |
PubMed:Amplification strategy based on gold nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes for neomycin immunosensors. |
PubMed:Detection of six genetically modified maize lines using optical thin-film biosensor chips. |
PubMed:Effect of coriander seed powder (CSP) on 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced changes in antioxidant enzyme system and lipid peroxide formation in rats. |
PubMed:Rapid and reliable detection of 11 food-borne pathogens using thin-film biosensor chips. |
PubMed:Synthesis and insecticidal evaluation of N-tert-butyl-N'-thio[1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-2-nitroiminoimidazolidine]-N,N'-diacylhydrazines. |
PubMed:Review of methods for preparation and gas chromatographic separation of trans and cis reference fatty acids. |
PubMed:Evaluation of genotoxic effects of semicarbazide on cultured human lymphocytes and rat bone marrow. |
PubMed:Design and synthesis of some thiazolidin-4-ones based on (7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl) acetic acid. |
PubMed:Design, synthesis, and bioactivity study of novel benzoylpyridazyl ureas. |
PubMed:Targeted treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in older adults: role of gemtuzumab ozogamicin. |
PubMed:Synergistic antioxidant activities of eight traditional Chinese herb pairs. |
PubMed:Design and synthesis of immunoconjugates and development of an indirect ELISA for rapid detection of 3, 5-dinitrosalicyclic Acid hydrazide. |
PubMed:Biomonitoring of urinary metabolites of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) following human consumption of cooked chicken. |
PubMed:Synthesis and antifungal activities of novel 5-amino-6-arylamino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one derivatives. |
PubMed:Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of Korean fermented soybean. |
PubMed:The metabolisms of agaritine, a mushroom hydrazine in mice. |
PubMed:Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some derivatives of (7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-acetic acid hydrazide. |
PubMed:Comparison of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines made by periodate activation of O-acetylated, non-O-acetylated and chemically de-O-acetylated polysaccharide. |
PubMed:Reaction of the indole group with malondialdehyde: application for the derivatization of tryptophan residues in peptides. |
PubMed:Monitoring quinolone antibacterial residues in bovine tissues: extraction with hot water and liquid chromatography coupled to a single- or triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. |
PubMed:Selective enrichment of tryptophan-containing peptides from protein digests employing a reversible derivatization with malondialdehyde and solid-phase capture on hydrazide beads. |
PubMed:Multi-residue monitoring for the simultaneous determination of five nitrofurans (furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoine, nifursol) in poultry muscle tissue through the detection of their five major metabolites (AOZ, AMOZ, SEM, AHD, DNSAH) by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry--in-house validation in line with Commission Decision 657/2002/EC. |
PubMed:Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin. |
PubMed:Investigation of the antioxidant activity of African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea). |
PubMed:Deconjugation of N-glucuronide conjugated metabolites with hydrazine hydrate--biomarkers for exposure to the food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). |
PubMed:Determination of genotoxic phenylhydrazine agaritine in mushrooms using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:[Pharmacological therapy of cancer anorexia-cachexia]. |
PubMed:Metabolic transformation plays a primary role in the psychostimulant-like discriminative-stimulus effects of selegiline [(R)-(-)-deprenyl]. |
PubMed:Trans and positional ethylenic bonds in two dominant isomers of eicosapentaenoic acid from the freshwater sponge Baicalospongia bacillifera. |
PubMed:Carbonyl odorants contributing to the in-oven roast beef top note. |
PubMed:Safety assessment and risk-benefit analysis of the use of azodicarbonamide in baby food jar closure technology: putting trace levels of semicarbazide exposure into perspective--a review. |
PubMed:Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis detection of protein oxidation in fresh and tainted rainbow trout muscle. |
PubMed:Improved identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers using silver-ion HPLC separations. |
PubMed:The role of EDTA in malonaldehyde formation from DNA oxidized by Fenton reagent systems. |
PubMed:Total equivalent of reactive chemicals in 142 human food items is highly variable within and between major food groups. |
PubMed:[Wasting syndrome in cancer patients: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and drug therapy]. |
PubMed:Synthesis and isolation of trans-7,cis-9 octadecadienoic acid and other CLA isomers by base conjugation of partially hydrogenated gamma-linolenic acid. |
PubMed:Microbial synthesis of trans isomer of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from the chemically synthesized trans isomer of linolenic acid by a delta12 desaturase-defective mutant of Mortierella alpina 1S-4. |
PubMed:Evaluation of the antioxidant ability of hydrazine-purified and untreated commercial carnosine in beef patties. |
PubMed:Antioxidant properties of carnosine re-evaluated in a ferrylmyoglobin model system and in cooked pork patties. |
PubMed:Advantages of using non-isothermal bioreactors in agricultural waste water treatment by means of immobilized urease. Study on the influence of spacer length and immobilization method. |
PubMed:Hydrazine and isoniazid. |
PubMed:Hydrazine reagents as derivatizing agents in environmental analysis--a critical review. |
PubMed:Excretion of volatile nitrosamines in a rural population in relation to food and drinking water consumption. |
PubMed:A re-evaluation of the antioxidant activity of purified carnosine. |
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of mono-, poly- and hydroxycarboxylic acids in foods and beverages as their 2-nitrophenylhydrazides. |
PubMed:A novel NADPH:diamide oxidoreductase activity in arabidopsis thaliana P1 zeta-crystallin. |
PubMed:Optimization of the solubilization, extraction and determination of inorganic arsenic [As(III) + (As(V)] in seafood products by acid digestion, solvent extraction and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. |
PubMed:Identification of hydrazine in commercial preparations of carnosine and its influence on carnosine's antioxidative properties. |
PubMed:Stability of isoniazid in isoniazid syrup: formation of hydrazine. |
PubMed:A review of the drug treatment of cachexia associated with cancer. |
PubMed:Determination of total long-chain fatty acids in human plasma and lipoproteins, before and during copper-stimulated oxidation, by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
PubMed:Involvement of polyamines in the protection of taurine against the cytotoxicity of hydrazine or carbon tetrachloride in isolated rat hepatocytes. |
PubMed:Determination of N7- and O6-methylguanine in rat liver DNA after oral exposure to hydrazine by use of immunochemical and electrochemical detection methods. |
PubMed:Hormonal treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: fact or fiction? |
PubMed:A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and formaldehyde from foods. |
PubMed:Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in iron deficiency and effect of carcinogen feeding. |
PubMed:Purification, characterization, and crystallization of monoamine oxidase from Escherichia coli K-12. |
PubMed:Is the pharmacological treatment of cancer cachexia possible? |
PubMed:Clinical approaches to nutritional support in cancer. |
PubMed:Depletion of protein-bound furazolidone metabolites containing the 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone side-chain from liver, kidney and muscle tissues from pigs. |
PubMed:Nutrition in advanced cancer: anorexia as an outcome variable and target of therapy. |
PubMed:Current pharmacological management of anorexia in cancer patients. |
PubMed:Microwave acid digestion and preconcentration neutron activation analysis of biological and diet samples for iodine. |
PubMed:Carcinogenic fungal hydrazines. |
PubMed:The discovery of antidepressants: a winding path. |
PubMed:Alleviation of cancer anorexia and cachexia: studies of the Mayo Clinic and the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. |
PubMed:A survey of the occurrence of agaritine in U.K. cultivated mushrooms and processed mushroom products. |
PubMed:Improved gas chromatographic method for determination of daminozide by alkaline hydrolysis and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde derivatization and survey results of daminozide in agricultural products. |
PubMed:Natural pesticides and bioactive components in foods. |
PubMed:Recent studies of anorexia and appetite stimulation in the cancer patient. |
PubMed:Pathological findings in a case of hypoxic myoclonus treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan and a decarboxylase inhibitor. |
PubMed:Analysis and occurrence of total N-nitroso compounds in the Japanese diet. |
PubMed:On the mutagenicity of metabolites derived from the mushroom poison gyromitrin. |
PubMed:Total nitroso compounds in gastric juice. |
PubMed:The toxicology of 1-acetyl-2-methyl-2-formyl hydrazine (Ac-MFH). |
PubMed:No stereoselective first-pass hepatic extraction of propranolol. |
PubMed:Cytotoxic effects of maleic hydrazide. |
PubMed:Hydrazine. |
PubMed:Further chapters in the hydrazine story. |
PubMed:Hydrazine toxicology--another episode. |
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used as fuel in emergency power systems. Food contaminant arising from its use as a boiler water additive in production of steam used in food processing
Being bifunctional, with two amines, hydrazine is a key building block for the preparation of many heterocyclic compounds via condensation with a range of difunctional electrophiles. With 2,4-pentanedione, it condenses to give the 3,5-dimethylpyrazole. In the Einhorn-Brunner reaction hydrazines react with imides to give triazoles.; Hydrazine is a convenient reductant because the by-products are typically nitrogen gas and water. Thus, it is used as an antioxidant, an oxygen scavenger, and a corrosion inhibitor in water boilers and heating systems. It is also used to reduce metal salts and oxides to the pure metals in electroless nickel plating and plutonium extraction from nuclear reactor waste.; Hydrazine is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula N2H4. It is a colourless liquid with an ammonia-like odor and is derived from the same industrial chemistry processes that manufacture ammonia. However, hydrazine has physical properties that are more similar to those of water.; The propanone azine is an intermediate in the Atofina-PCUK synthesis. Direct alkylation of hydrazines with alkyl halides in the presence of base affords alkyl-substituted hydrazines, but the reaction is typically inefficient due to poor control on level of substitution (same as in ordinary amines). The reduction of hydrazones to hydrazines present a clean way to produce 1,1-dialkylated hydrazines.
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