EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

dextro-(+)-proline
D-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 344-25-2Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:206-452-7
FDA UNII: L01Q4LGZ5L
Nikkaji Web:J9.118I
Beilstein Number:080811
MDL:MFCD00064317
XlogP3:-2.50 (est)
Molecular Weight:115.13213000
Formula:C5 H9 N O2
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 252.19 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:0.006000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 223.00 °F. TCC ( 106.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.060 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1.313e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Anhui Haibei
D-Proline
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
D-Proline ≥99% (Assay)
Changzhou Longo Chemical
D-Proline
Glentham Life Sciences
D-Proline
Penta International
D-PROLINE
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
D-Proline
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
D-Proline ReagentPlus®, ≥99%
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
D-Proline >98.0%(T)
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
Recommendation for dextro-(+)-proline usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for dextro-(+)-proline flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Safety of proline-specific oligopeptidase as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):344-25-2
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :8988
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
(2R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Chemidplus:0000344252
 
References:
 (2R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):8988
Pubchem (sid):135028381
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00763
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB03411
FooDB:FDB023166
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00903
Export Tariff Code:2933.99.9700
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
usp and fcc grades
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
D-prolin
(+)-(R)-proline
(R)-(+)-proline
D-proline
D-(+)-proline
(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate
(2R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
(R)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
D-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
 

Articles:

PubMed:An enzymatic method to estimate the content of L-hydroxyproline.
PubMed:Triggering activity of catalytic rod-like supramolecular polymers.
PubMed:A unique cis-3-hydroxy-l-proline dehydratase in the enolase superfamily.
PubMed:Oral exposure to the anti-pyridoxine compound 1-amino d-proline further perturbs homocysteine metabolism through the transsulfuration pathway in moderately vitamin B6 deficient rats.
PubMed:Cyclopeptides containing the DEKS motif as conformationally restricted collagen telopeptide analogues: synthesis and conformational analysis.
PubMed:Autumnalamide, a prenylated cyclic peptide from the cyanobacterium Phormidium autumnale, acts on SH-SY5Y cells at the mitochondrial level.
PubMed:Isomers of 4-[18F]fluoro-proline: radiosynthesis, biological evaluation and results in humans using PET.
PubMed:Synthesis of octitols and the respective amino-derivatives from 'organo-aldols'.
PubMed:Second generation, arginine-rich (R-X'-R)(4)-type cell-penetrating α-ω-α-peptides with constrained, chiral ω-amino acids (X') for enhanced cargo delivery into cells.
PubMed:Thermodynamic and conformational study of proline stereoisomers.
PubMed:Interaction of serum amyloid P component with hexanoyl bis(D-proline) (CPHPC).
PubMed:Diastereoselective synthesis of (+)-pseudohygroline via proline-catalyzed alpha-hydroxylation.
PubMed:Synthesis, structure, spectroscopic and ferroelectric properties of an acentric polyoxotungstate containing 1:2-type [Sm(α-PW₁₁O₃₉)₂]¹¹⁻ fragment and D-proline components.
PubMed:Discovery of a New Class of Potent MMP Inhibitors by Structure-Based Optimization of the Arylsulfonamide Scaffold.
PubMed:Total synthesis of (-)-dihydrosporothriolide utilizing an indium-mediated Reformatsky-Claisen rearrangement.
PubMed:Insight into the structural and biological relevance of the T/R transition of the N-terminus of the B-chain in human insulin.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of trans-3-hydroxy-l-proline dehydratase and Δ(1)-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase involved in trans-3-hydroxy-l-proline metabolism of bacteria.
PubMed:Ruthenium-nitrosyl complexes with glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-proline, D-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, and L-tyrosine: synthesis, X-ray diffraction structures, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and antiproliferative activity.
PubMed:Promotion of cardiac differentiation of brown adipose derived stem cells by chitosan hydrogel for repair after myocardial infarction.
PubMed:Stemness and transdifferentiation of adipose-derived stem cells using L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate-induced cell sheet formation.
PubMed:Identification, characterization, and quantification of an anti-pyridoxine factor from flaxseed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Inhibition of serine and proline racemases by substrate-product analogues.
PubMed:Self-assembly of left- and right-handed molecular screws.
PubMed:Discovery of new enzymes and metabolic pathways by using structure and genome context.
PubMed:Molecularly imprinted photonic crystals for the direct label-free distinguishing of L-proline and D-proline.
PubMed:D-Amino acid oxidase and presence of D-proline in Xenopus laevis.
PubMed:Copper(II) complexes with highly water-soluble L- and D-proline-thiosemicarbazone conjugates as potential inhibitors of Topoisomerase IIα.
PubMed:D-amino acid aberrations in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of smokers.
PubMed:Detection of remote neuronal reactions in the Thalamus and Hippocampus induced by rat glioma using the PET tracer cis-4-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-proline.
PubMed:Proline-dependent regulation of Clostridium difficile Stickland metabolism.
PubMed:A simple purification procedure of D-amino-acid oxidase from Candida guilliermondii H(see symbol)-4.
PubMed:D-amino acid-induced expression of D-amino acid oxidase in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
PubMed:D-proline-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor.
PubMed:Proline as chiral auxiliary for the economical asymmetric synthesis of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes.
PubMed:L- and D-proline thiosemicarbazone conjugates: coordination behavior in solution and the effect of copper(II) coordination on their antiproliferative activity.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of D-hydroxyproline dehydrogenase and Delta1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate deaminase involved in novel L-hydroxyproline metabolism of bacteria: metabolic convergent evolution.
PubMed:Control of hydroxyproline catabolism in Sinorhizobium meliloti.
PubMed:Collisional activation of [14Pro+2H]2+ clusters: chiral dependence of evaporation and fission processes.
PubMed:Asymmetric supramolecular catalysis: a bio-inspired tool for the high asymmetric induction in the enamine-based Michael reactions.
PubMed:Differences in nitrogen metabolism between Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, the two etiologic agents of cryptococcosis.
PubMed:L- and D-proline adsorption by chiral ordered mesoporous silica.
PubMed:"Click" post-synthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks with chiral functional adduct for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis.
PubMed:Re: Normalization of proliferation and tight junction formation in bladder epithelial cells from patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome by d-proline and d-pipecolic acid derivatives of antiproliferative factor.
PubMed:Enantioselective resolutions and circular dichroism studies of lanthanide-containing Keggin-type [Ln(PW11O39)2](11-) polyoxometalates.
PubMed:Evaluation of functional groups on amino acids in cyclic tetrapeptides in histone deacetylase inhibition.
PubMed:Determination of proline enantiomers in honey and royal jelly by LC-UV.
PubMed:[Presumptive identification of Cryptococcus gattii isolated from Terminalia catappa in Montería city, Córdoba, Colombia].
PubMed:Naturally occurring biodegradable polymers as the basis of chiral gels for the distinction of enantiomers by partially oriented NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed:Normalization of proliferation and tight junction formation in bladder epithelial cells from patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome by d-proline and d-pipecolic acid derivatives of antiproliferative factor.
PubMed:Detection of chiral defects in crystalline organic solids using solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
PubMed:Antibodies to human serum amyloid P component eliminate visceral amyloid deposits.
PubMed:In planta function of compatible solute transporters of the AtProT family.
PubMed:Clostridium sticklandii, a specialist in amino acid degradation:revisiting its metabolism through its genome sequence.
PubMed:Cryptococcus gattii meningoencephalitis in an HIV-negative patient from the Peruvian Andes.
PubMed:Hybrid polypeptides: gabapentin as a stereochemically constrained γ-amino acid residue.
PubMed:Peptide hairpin nucleation with the obligatory Type I' beta-turn Aib-DPro segment.
PubMed:Olfactory perception of 6 amino acids by human subjects.
PubMed:Sustained pharmacological depletion of serum amyloid P component in patients with systemic amyloidosis.
PubMed:Purification of Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 cytochrome bc1 and respiration with D-proline as a substrate.
PubMed:Effect of chirality of L/D-proline and prochiral glycine as the linker amino acid in five-atom linked thymidinyl-(alpha-amino acid)-thymidine dimers.
PubMed:A proline-based neuraminidase inhibitor: DFT studies on the zwitterion conformation, stability and formation.
PubMed:Proline racemases: insights into Trypanosoma cruzi peptides containing D-proline.
PubMed:Isolation and structural elucidation of euryjanicins B-D, proline-containing cycloheptapeptides from the Caribbean marine sponge Prosuberites laughlini.
PubMed:The significance of d-isomers in stable isotope studies in humans is dependent on the age of the subject and the amino acid tracer.
PubMed:Identification of a hydroxyproline transport system in the legume endosymbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti.
PubMed:An amperometric D-amino acid biosensor prepared with a thermostable D-proline dehydrogenase and a carbon nanotube-ionic liquid gel.
PubMed:Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits tumor angiogenesis in human lung cancer xenografts with a reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor.
PubMed:Gas chromatographic determination of amino acid enantiomers in bottled and aged wines.
PubMed:Proline racemases are conserved mitogens: characterization of a Trypanosoma vivax proline racemase.
PubMed:Molecular dissection of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology by depletion of serum amyloid P component.
PubMed:D-Amino acid dehydrogenase from Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637.
PubMed:Intracerebroventricular injection of L-proline and D-proline induces sedative and hypnotic effects by different mechanisms under an acute stressful condition in chicks.
PubMed:A new construction for a potentiometric, enantioselective membrane electrode--its utilization to the S-captopril assay.
PubMed:Structure-activity studies of AtPep1, a plant peptide signal involved in the innate immune response.
PubMed:Configurationally driven folding of model tetrapeptides containing L- or D-morpholine-3-carboxylic acids as beta-turn nucleators.
PubMed:Combinatorial optimization of a CD4-mimetic miniprotein and cocrystal structures with HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein.
PubMed:Automated and simultaneous two-dimensional micro-high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of proline and hydroxyproline enantiomers in mammals.
PubMed:Development of a D-amino acids electrochemical sensor based on immobilization of thermostable D-proline dehydrogenase within agar gel membrane.
PubMed:Total synthesis of the Securinega alkaloid (-)-secu'amamine A.
PubMed:[Isolation and characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii from samples of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Mexico city.].
PubMed:Proline accumulation in plants: a review.
PubMed:A 10,000 member PNA-encoded peptide library for profiling tyrosine kinases.
PubMed:Oxystress inducing antitumor therapeutics via tumor-targeted delivery of PEG-conjugated D-amino acid oxidase.
PubMed:Growth and pigment production on D-tryptophan medium by Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans.
PubMed:Structure-activity relationships for the cardiotropic action of the Led-NPF-I peptide in the beetles Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas atratus.
PubMed:Highly diastereo- and enantioselective direct aldol reactions of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by siloxyproline in the presence of water.
PubMed:Characterization and structural modeling of a novel thermostable glycine oxidase from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426.
PubMed:Molecular design of histone deacetylase inhibitors by aromatic ring shifting in chlamydocin framework.
PubMed:Force-field development and molecular dynamics simulations of ferrocene-peptide conjugates as a scaffold for hydrogenase mimics.
PubMed:Entrapped energy in chiral solutions: quantification and information capacity.
PubMed:Detection of secondary thalamic degeneration after cortical infarction using cis-4-18F-fluoro-D-proline.
PubMed:[Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isolates from two Peruvian patients.].
PubMed:all-D proline-rich cell-penetrating peptides: a preliminary in vivo internalization study.
PubMed:Structure-based drug design of pyrrolidine-1, 2-dicarboxamides as a novel series of orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitors.
PubMed:Linear solvation energy correlation of the solvatochromic response of amino acid functionalized chromophores.
PubMed:Proline prodrug of melphalan targeted to prolidase, a prodrug activating enzyme overexpressed in melanoma.
PubMed:Analysis of proline reduction in the nosocomial pathogen Clostridium difficile.
PubMed:Proline zwitterion dynamics in solution, glass, and crystalline state.
PubMed:Presence and origin of large amounts of D-proline in the urine of mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase activity.
PubMed:Synthesis, calpain inhibitory activity, and cytotoxicity of P2-substituted proline and thiaproline peptidyl aldehydes and peptidyl alpha-ketoamides.
PubMed:Probing enantiospecific interactions between proline and an l-glutathione self-assembled monolayer by modulation excitation ATR-IR spectroscopy.
PubMed:Total synthesis of the cyclodepsipeptide apratoxin A and its analogues and assessment of their biological activities.
PubMed:Proline-catalyzed diastereoselective direct aldol reaction between 4-oxoazetidine-2-carbaldehydes and ketones.
PubMed:Maximization of production of his-tagged glycine oxidase and its M261 mutant proteins.
PubMed:Chiral MEKC-LIF of amino acids in foods: analysis of vinegars.
PubMed:Substrate specificity of the amino acid transporter PAT1.
PubMed:Co-lyophilization with D-proline greatly enhances peroxidase's stereoselectivity in a non-aqueous medium.
PubMed:The presence of high concentrations of free D-amino acids in human saliva.
PubMed:Collagen synthesis is required for ascorbic acid-enhanced differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.
PubMed:Identification of a novel spiropiperidine opioid receptor-like 1 antagonist class by a focused library approach featuring 3D-pharmacophore similarity.
PubMed:Capillary array electrophoresis for the research of asymmetric transformation reaction of L-proline to D-proline.
PubMed:Sensitive determination of D-amino acids in mammals and the effect of D-amino-acid oxidase activity on their amounts.
PubMed:Serotonin, L-tryptophan, and tryptamine are effective inhibitors of the amino acid transport system PAT1.
PubMed:Synthesis of pipecolic acid-based spiro bicyclic lactam scaffolds as beta-turn mimics.
PubMed:[Usefulness of D-proline in the differentiation of varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans].
PubMed:Prolidase, a potential enzyme target for melanoma: design of proline-containing dipeptide-like prodrugs.
PubMed:The putative malate/lactate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida is an NADPH-dependent delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/delta1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase involved in the catabolism of D-lysine and D-proline.
PubMed:Conformational studies of peptides containing cis-3-hydroxy-D-proline.
PubMed:Oxidation of 3,4-dehydro-D-proline and other D-amino acid analogues by D-alanine dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Enhancement of chemotherapeutic response of tumor cells by a heme oxygenase inhibitor, pegylated zinc protoporphyrin.
PubMed:Synthesis of chemically stabilized phosmidosine analogues and the structure--activity relationship of phosmidosine.
PubMed:Transport of pharmacologically active proline derivatives by the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter hPAT1.
PubMed:In vitro nutritional requirements and metabolic products of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Cryptobia salmositica: essential carbohydrates and amino acids.
PubMed:L-Serine, D- and L-proline and alanine as respiratory substrates of Helicobacter pylori: correlation between in vitro and in vivo amino acid levels.
PubMed:Enantioselective direct aldol addition of acetone to aliphatic aldehydes.
PubMed:Biochemical characterization of proline racemases from the human protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and definition of putative protein signatures.
PubMed:Kinetic mechanisms of glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:Disseminated cryptococcosis in an AIDS patient caused by a canavanine-resistant strain of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.
PubMed:Distribution and characteristics of D-amino acid and D-aspartate oxidases in fish tissues.
PubMed:CJ-15,208, a novel kappa opioid receptor antagonist from a fungus, Ctenomyces serratus ATCC15502.
PubMed:Active transport of L-proline in Trypanosoma cruzi.
PubMed:Comparative analysis of naturally occurring L-amino acid osmolytes and their D-isomers on protection of Escherichia coli against environmental stresses.
PubMed:Design of non-cysteine-containing antimicrobial beta-hairpins: structure-activity relationship studies with linear protegrin-1 analogues.
PubMed:Synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrrolidinyl sordaricin derivatives as antifungal agents.
PubMed:Peptidic 1-cyanopyrrolidines: synthesis and SAR of a series of potent, selective cathepsin inhibitors.
PubMed:Tumor-targeted delivery of polyethylene glycol-conjugated D-amino acid oxidase for antitumor therapy via enzymatic generation of hydrogen peroxide.
PubMed:Total synthesis of A-315675: a potent inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.
PubMed:Biological activity of the tryprostatins and their diastereomers on human carcinoma cell lines.
PubMed:Depressor and bradycardic actions of L-proline injected into the nucleus tractus solitarii of anesthetized rats.
PubMed:Dye-linked D-proline dehydrogenase from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum is a novel FAD-dependent amino acid dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Enantioseparation of chiral amino acids as the N(O,S)-ethoxycarbonylated diastereomeric esters by achiral dual-capillary column gas chromatography.
PubMed:Conformational studies of cyclic enkephalin analogues with L- or D-proline in position 3.
PubMed:Determination of Ascochyta caulina phytotoxins by high-performance anion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection.
PubMed:Glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis. Characterization of a new flavoprotein.
PubMed:Determination of free D-proline and D-leucine in the brains of mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase activity.
PubMed:Design and synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors guided by molecular modeling. Picking the S(1) pocket using conformationally constrained inhibitors.
PubMed:Interstrand side chain--side chain interactions in a designed beta-hairpin: significance of both lateral and diagonal pairings.
PubMed:Short, highly efficient syntheses of protected 3-azido- and 4-azidoproline and their precursors.
PubMed:In vitro processing of the proproteins GrdE of protein B of glycine reductase and PrdA of D-proline reductase from Clostridium sticklandii: formation of a pyruvoyl group from a cysteine residue.
PubMed:The relative catalytic efficiency of beta-lactamase catalyzed acyl and phosphyl transfer.
PubMed:Alpha-melanocyte-related tripeptide, Lys-d-Pro-Val, ameliorates endotoxin-induced nuclear factor kappaB translocation and activation: evidence for involvement of an interleukin-1beta193-195 receptor antagonism in the alveolar epithelium.
PubMed:Amperometric biosensor based on D-aminoacid oxidase for the R-perindopril assay.
PubMed:Chiral ion-pair chromatography on porous graphitized carbon using N-blocked dipeptides as counter ions.
PubMed:Pyrrolidine PNA: a novel conformationally restricted PNA analogue.
PubMed:Synthesis and properties of chiral peptide nucleic acids with a N-aminoethyl-D-proline backbone.
PubMed:Detection and substrate selectivity of new microbial D-amino acid oxidases.
PubMed:Three-dimensional structure of the purple intermediate of porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase. Optimization of the oxidative half-reaction through alignment of the product with reduced flavin.
PubMed:Screen-printed amperometric biosensors for the rapid measurement of L- and D-amino acids.
PubMed:Various functions of selenols and thiols in anaerobic gram-positive, amino acids-utilizing bacteria.
PubMed:Occurrence of D-amino acids in a few archaea and dehydrogenase activities in hyperthermophile Pyrobaculum islandicum.
PubMed:Glutamate transport asymmetry and metabolism in the functioning kidney.
PubMed:S-perindopril assay using a potentiometric, enantioselective membrane electrode.
PubMed:A formal total synthesis of (-)-cephalotaxine.
PubMed:Biosensor for enantioselective analysis of S-cilazapril, S-trandolapril, and S-pentopril.
PubMed:Detection of nascent polyproline II helices in solution by NMR in synthetic insect kinin neuropeptide mimics containing the X-Pro-Pro-X motif.
PubMed:Identification of D-proline reductase from Clostridium sticklandii as a selenoenzyme and indications for a catalytically active pyruvoyl group derived from a cysteine residue by cleavage of a proprotein.
PubMed:Biosensor for the enantioselective analysis of S-perindopril.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of a novel glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:Biosensors for the enantioselective analysis of S-enalapril and S-ramipril.
PubMed:Resonance Raman study on reduced flavin in purple intermediate of flavoenzyme: use of [4-carbonyl-18O]-enriched flavin.
PubMed:Design and NMR analyses of compact, independently folded BBA motifs.
PubMed:Separation of amino acid and peptide stereoisomers by nonionic micelle-mediated capillary electrophoresis after chiral derivatization.
PubMed:Occurrence of peptidyl D-amino acids in soluble fractions of several eubacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.
PubMed:First identification of autochthonous Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii isloated from goats with predominantly severe pulmonary disease in Spain.
PubMed:Interaction of fibroblast growth factor-1 and related peptides with heparan sulfate and its oligosaccharides.
PubMed:Conformational analysis of homochiral and heterochiral diprolines as beta-turn-forming peptidomimetics: unsubstituted and substituted models.
PubMed:Evaluation of D-amino acid levels in rat by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry: no evidence for subacute toxicity of orally fed D-proline and D-aspartic acid.
PubMed:Cryptococcosis associated with AIDS in the Muñiz Hospital of Buenos Aires.
PubMed:Structural requirements and thermodynamics of the interaction of proline peptides with profilin.
PubMed:Use of D-proline assimilation and CGB medium for screening Brazilian Cryptococcus neoformans isolates.
PubMed:Synthesis and physicochemical, biological, and pharmacological properties of new bile acids amidated with cyclic amino acids.
PubMed:Total Synthesis of cis- and trans-3-Hydroxy-D-proline and (+)-Detoxinine.
PubMed:A novel proline, glycine: K+ symporter in midgut brush-border membrane vesicles from larval Manduca sexta.
PubMed:The role of the C-terminus of the insulin B-chain in modulating structural and functional properties of the hormone.
PubMed:Purification of the two-enzyme system catalyzing the oxidation of the D-proline residue of pristinamycin IIB during the last step of pristinamycin IIA biosynthesis.
PubMed:Regional hemodynamic changes and vasopressin release induced by intracisternal injection of L-proline in the conscious rat.
PubMed:Substrate specificity of CDC2 kinase from human HeLa cells as determined with synthetic peptides and molecular modeling.
PubMed:Amino acid levels in D-alanine-administered mutant mice lacking D-amino acid oxidase.
PubMed:The fate of the carboxyl oxygens during D-proline reduction by clostridial proline reductase.
PubMed:Determination of free D-amino acids with a bacterial transaminase: their depletion leads to inhibition of bacterial growth.
PubMed:Evaluation of enantiomeric purity of selected amino acids in honey.
PubMed:Study of a reagent- and mediator-less biosensor for D-amino acids based on co-immobilized D-amino acid oxidase and peroxidase in carbon paste electrodes.
PubMed:Evidence for participation of B1 and B2 kinin receptors in formalin-induced nociceptive response in the mouse.
PubMed:In situ kinetic measurements of D-amino acid oxidase in rat liver with respect to its substrate specificity.
PubMed:Further study on the specificity of D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase and time course for complete oxidation of D-amino acids.
PubMed:Specificity for various imino-acid-residues of a proline-specific dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase from a Streptomyces species.
PubMed:Synthesis and antifungal activities of alanine-exchanged analogs of pradimicin A.
PubMed:Beta VI turns in peptides and proteins: a model peptide mimicry.
PubMed:The use of unfixed cryostat sections for electron microscopic study of D-amino acid oxidase activity in rat liver.
PubMed:The presence of free D-serine, D-alanine and D-proline in human plasma.
PubMed:NMDA receptor-mediated depolarizing action of proline on CA1 pyramidal cells.
PubMed:Chemical modification of functional arginyl residues in beef kidney D-aspartate oxidase.
PubMed:L-proline activates glutamate and glycine receptors in cultured rat dorsal horn neurons.
PubMed:Proline uptake by monolayers of human intestinal absorptive (Caco-2) cells in vitro.
PubMed:The presence of free D-alanine, D-proline and D-serine in mice.
PubMed:Sensitive, colorimetric enzyme amplification cascade for determination of alkaline phosphatase and application of the method to an immunoassay of thyrotropin.
PubMed:Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-purinylpyrrolidine nucleosides.
PubMed:Modulation of antimicrobial effects of beta-lactams by amino acids in vitro.
PubMed:Receptor sites for amino acids in the facial taste system of the channel catfish.
PubMed:Conformationally defined neurotransmitter analogues. Selective inhibition of glutamate uptake by one pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate diastereomer.
PubMed:D-aspartate oxidation by rat and bovine renal peroxisomes: an electron microscopic cytochemical study.
PubMed:In vivo cloning of proline genes and its expression in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Light microscopical detection of D-amino acid oxidase activity in unfixed cryostat sections of rat kidney and liver using the cerium-DAB-cobalt-H2O2 procedure and a semipermeable membrane.
PubMed:Electrogenic uptake of D-imino acids by luminal membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney proximal tubule.
PubMed:Bacterial sarcosine oxidase: identification of novel substrates and a biradical reaction intermediate.
PubMed:Glycine action on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in rat hippocampal neurons.
PubMed:Proline and proline derivatives as anticonvulsants.
PubMed:Cytochemical localization of a D-amino acid oxidizing enzyme in peroxisomes of Drosophila melanogaster.
PubMed:D-lysergic acid activation and cell-free synthesis of D-lysergyl peptides in enzyme fractions from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea.
PubMed:Toxicity of L-proline toward rat hippocampal neurons.
PubMed:[Synthesis of N-alpha-(arylsulfonyl)-4-amidino-phenylalanyl-prolines and N-alpha-(arylsulfonylglycyl)-4-amidino-phenylalanyl-prolines and testing of them as inhibitors of serine proteinases. 33. Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases].
PubMed:Induction of endothelial cell migration by proline analogs and its relevance to angiogenesis.
PubMed:Substrate specificity of duckling hepatic and renal D-amino acid oxidase.
PubMed:Metabolism of D-proline beta-casomorphin derivatives in the rat brain.
PubMed:4-Proline and 4-hydroxyproline analogs of arginine vasopressin: role of the proline substitution in the two beta-turns of vasopressin.
PubMed:13C-NMR studies on the reaction intermediates of porcine kidney D-amino acid oxidase reconstituted with 13C-enriched flavin adenine dinucleotide.
PubMed:Rapid identification of the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans by D-proline assimilation.
PubMed:Cyclization under mild conditions of anthraniloyl- and N-methyl-anthraniloyl dipeptides.
PubMed:Synthesis of HC toxin and related cyclopeptides containing the (L-Ala-D-Ala-L-Ada-D-Pro) sequence.
PubMed:Characterization of carrier-mediated transport systems for small neutral amino acids in human fibroblast lysosomes.
PubMed:A novel imino-acid carrier in the enterocyte basolateral membrane.
PubMed:Empirical rules predicting conformation of cyclic tetrapeptides from primary structure.
PubMed:Structural investigation of poly-L,D-proline, a synthetic ion channel across bilayer membranes: crystal structure and molecular conformation of two tetra-D,L-proline derivatives.
PubMed:Energetics of proline racemase: racemization of unlabeled proline in the unsaturated, saturated, and oversaturated regimes.
PubMed:Energetics of proline racemase: transition-state fractionation factors for the two protons involved in the catalytic steps.
PubMed:Energetics of proline racemase: tracer perturbation experiments using [14C]proline that measure the interconversion rate of the two forms of free enzyme.
PubMed:Uptake of proline by the scutellum of germinating barley grain.
PubMed:Opiate receptor binding affinities of some D-amino acid substituted beta-casomorphin analogs.
PubMed:A resonance Raman study on the structures of complexes of flavoprotein D-amino acid oxidase.
PubMed:Bradykinin competitive antagonists for classical kinin systems.
PubMed:Stereospecificity of SP1 and SP2 substance P receptors.
PubMed:Kinetic properties of rat kidney D-amino acid oxidase associated with peroxisomes.
PubMed:Active transport of proline by Coxiella burnetii.
PubMed:Stimulation of carrot somatic embryogenesis by proline and serine.
PubMed:Effect of levamisole on bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria.
PubMed:Effects of glycoprotein and basement membrane synthesis inhibitors on the growth of cultured renal collecting duct epithelium.
PubMed:Pyruvoyl enzymes.
PubMed:On the structures of flavoprotein D-amino acid oxidase purple intermediates. A resonance Raman study.
PubMed:Potent morphiceptin analogs: structure activity relationships and morphine-like activities.
PubMed:Brain glutamate inhibition and amnesia: evidence provided by proline analog action.
PubMed:Mechanisms of activation of the classical pathway of complement by Hageman factor fragment.
PubMed:Resonance Raman study on the flavin in the purple intermediates of D-amino acid oxidase.
PubMed:An assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in human serum and serum of pregnant women with glycyl-L-proline-1-naphthylamide and other glycyl-L-proline-arylamides as substrates.
PubMed:Conformation of linear homo-oligoprolines. VII. N-pivaloyl-L-prolyl-D-proline methyl ester in the solid state.
PubMed:L-Proline transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:The effects of 1-amino-D-proline on the production of carnitine from exogenous protein-bound trimethyllysine by the perfused rat liver.
PubMed:Na+-dependent transport of glycine in renal brush border membrane vesicles. Evidence for a single specific transport system.
PubMed:Thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid, an adduct of cysteamine and glyoxylate, as a substrate for D-amino acid oxidase.
PubMed:L-Proline inhibition of glutamate release.
PubMed:Oxidation of beta-DL-thiaproline, a possible natural substrate of D-aminoacid oxidase.
PubMed:The subcellular and organ distribution and natural form of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine in rat brain determined by a specific radioimmunoassay.
PubMed:L-Pipecolate formation in the mammalian brain. Regional distribution of delta1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase activity.
PubMed:Chemical characterization of an alkali-labile bond in the polypeptide of proline reductase from Clostridium sticklandii.
PubMed:Amnestic potency of proline analogs correlates with anti-spreading depression potency.
PubMed:Metabolism of proline and the hydroxyprolines.
PubMed:NADH-dependent reduction of D-proline in Clostridium sticklandii. Reconstitution from three fractions containing NADH dehydrogenase, D-proline reductase, and a third protein factor.
PubMed:Controlled biosynthesis of neoviridogriseins, new homologues of viridogrisein. III. Production, structures and biological properties of neoviridogriseins I and III.
PubMed:Biosynthesis of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by Streptomyces griseoviridus.
PubMed:Controlled biosynthesis of neoviridogriseins, new homologues of viridogrisein II. Production, biological properties and structure of neoviridogrisein II.
PubMed:Transport of L-proline and its regulation in Leishmania tropica promastigotes.
PubMed:[Quantitative analysis of L-hydroxyproline in human biological material by gas-chromatography (author's transl)].
PubMed:Inhibition of the contractile action of bradykinin on isolated smooth muscle preparations by derivatives of low molecular weight peptides.
PubMed:Inhibition by glycine of the catabolic reduction of proline in Clostridium sticklandii: evidence on the regulation of amino acid reduction.
PubMed:Quantitative evaluation of gamma-turn conformation in proline-containing peptides using 13C N.M.R.
PubMed:The separation of peptide hormone diastereoisomers by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Factors affecting separation of oxytocin and its diastereoisomers--structural implications.
PubMed:L-Proline and related compounds: correlation of structure, amnesic potency and anti-spreading depression potency.
PubMed:D-Proline: stereospecificity and sodium chloride dependence of lethal convulsant activity in the chick.
PubMed:The characterisation of inducible dehydrogenases specific for the oxidation of D-alanine, allohydroxy-D-proline, choline and sarcosine as peripheral membrane proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
PubMed:Analytical problems with putrefaction in a fatal case involving ergotamine and pentazocine.
PubMed:Allohydroxy-D-proline dehydrogenase. An inducible membrane-bound enzyme in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01.
PubMed:Antivitamin B-6 effect of 1-aminoproline on rats.
PubMed:Germination of Candida albicans induced by proline.
PubMed:Accumulation of 50oxo-L-proline and 5-oxo-D-proline in the blood plasma in end stage renal disease.
PubMed:Reaction mechanism and structure of the active site of proline racemase.
PubMed:Differences in the incorporation of L- and DL-Amino acids into renal tubular cells. An autoradiographic study.
PubMed:[Is the conversion of D-proline into L-proline in the brain a prerequisite for the incorporation into nerve-cell proteins? (Studies on the murine brain)].
PubMed:Epimerization of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline to cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline during acid hydrolysis of collagen.
PubMed:Induction of prodigiosin biosynthesis after shift-down in temperature of nonproliferating cells of Serratia marcescens.
PubMed:[Various use of D-proline and L-proline in the brain of the mouse].
PubMed:Properties of the inducible hydroxyproline transport system of Pseudomonas putida.
PubMed:Studies of the mechanism of action of D-proline reductase: the presence on covalently bound pyruvate and its role in the catalytic process.
PubMed:Inducible degradation of hydroxyproline in Pseudomonas putida: pathway regulation and hydroxyproline uptake.
PubMed:7-D-proline-oxytocin and its deamino analog. Diastereoisomers of oxytocin and deamino-oxytocin.
PubMed:PROLINE OXIDASES IN HANSENULA SUBPELLICULOSA.
PubMed:Hydroxyproline metabolism. V. Inducible allohydroxy-D-proline oxidase of Pseudomonas.
PubMed:Studies on the enzymic reduction of amino acids. II. Purification and properties of D-proline reductase and a proline racemase from Clostridium sticklandii.
PubMed:The formation of 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid from hydroxy-D- and allohydroxy-D-proline.
 
Notes:
D-proline is an isomer of the naturally occurring amino acid, L-Proline. D-amino acids have been found in relatively high abundance in human plasma and saliva (PMID: 16480744). These amino acids may be of bacterial origin, but there is also evidence that they are endogenously produced through amino acid racemase activity. (PMID: 1426150) [HMDB]
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