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Category:cosmetic agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 170.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 410.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 396.00 °F. TCC ( 202.20 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | -2.490 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | cosmetic agents |
| Recommendation for dextro-galactose usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Recommendation for dextro-galactose flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
References:
| | (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 59-23-4 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 6036 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134972289 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| D- | galactopyranose | | D- | galactose | | D-(+)- | galactose | | (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-( | hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol |
Articles:
| PubMed:Isolation, Purification, and Anti-Aging Activity of Melanin from Lachnum singerianum. |
| PubMed:Two β-Galactosidases from the Human Isolate Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20213: Molecular Cloning and Expression, Biochemical Characterization and Synthesis of Galacto-Oligosaccharides. |
| PubMed:Identification of Bitter Modulating Maillard-Catechin Reaction Products. |
| PubMed:Asn-Trp dipeptides improve the oxidative stress and learning dysfunctions in d-galactose-induced BALB/c mice. |
| PubMed:A Novel Agarolytic β-Galactosidase Acts on Agarooligosaccharides for Complete Hydrolysis of Agarose into Monomers. |
| PubMed:Sulforaphane Ameliorates Neurobehavioral Deficits and Protects the Brain From Amyloid β Deposits and Peroxidation in Mice With Alzheimer-Like Lesions. |
| PubMed:Isolation and characterization of a novel lectin with mitogenic activity from Pleurotus ferulae. |
| PubMed:Protective effect of Artemisia annua L. extract against galactose-induced oxidative stress in mice. |
| PubMed:Efficient Production of d-Tagatose Using a Food-Grade Surface Display System. |
| PubMed:Galactose oxidase from Fusarium oxysporum--expression in E. coli and P. pastoris and biochemical characterization. |
| PubMed:Silybum marianum oil attenuates oxidative stress and ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in mice treated with D-galactose. |
| PubMed:Preventive effects of jujube polysaccharides on fructose-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in mice. |
| PubMed:Intracellular β-Glucosidases CEL1a and CEL1b Are Essential for Cellulase Induction on Lactose in Trichoderma reesei. |
| PubMed:Ergothioneine and melatonin attenuate oxidative stress and protect against learning and memory deficits in C57BL/6J mice treated with D-galactose. |
| PubMed:Effects of curcumin (Curcuma longa) on learning and spatial memory as well as cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in adult and aged mice by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and CREB signaling. |
| PubMed:Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 ameliorates memory impairment and inflammaging in a D-galactose-induced accelerated aging mouse model. |
| PubMed:Purification, identification, and characterization of d-galactose-6-sulfurylase from marine algae (Betaphycus gelatinus). |
| PubMed:Isolation and characterization of an agaro-oligosaccharide (AO)-hydrolyzing bacterium from the gut microflora of Chinese individuals. |
| PubMed:Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides obtained by degradation with κ-carrageenase from Pedobacter hainanensis. |
| PubMed:Coexpression of β-D-galactosidase and L-arabinose isomerase in the production of D-tagatose: a functional sweetener. |
| PubMed:D-galactose induces a mitochondrial complex I deficiency in mouse skeletal muscle: potential benefits of nutrient combination in ameliorating muscle impairment. |
| PubMed:Structural basis for binding of fluorinated glucose and galactose to Trametes multicolor pyranose 2-oxidase variants with improved galactose conversion. |
| PubMed:[Effects of resveratrol on morphology and oxidative stress of brain tissues in aging mice]. |
| PubMed:Free radical mediated grafting of chitosan with caffeic and ferulic acids: structures and antioxidant activity. |
| PubMed:L-Arabinose isomerase and D-xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus reuteri: characterization, coexpression in the food grade host Lactobacillus plantarum, and application in the conversion of D-galactose and D-glucose. |
| PubMed:Effects of yam tuber protein, dioscorin, on attenuating oxidative status and learning dysfunction in d-galactose-induced BALB/c mice. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of thymol glycosides under SCCO2 conditions using amyloglucosidase from Rhizopus mold. |
| PubMed:Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of L-arabinose isomerase from thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus. |
| PubMed:SGP-2, an acidic polysaccharide from Sarcandra glabra, inhibits proliferation and migration of human osteosarcoma cells. |
| PubMed:Astaxanthin alleviates brain aging in rats by attenuating oxidative stress and increasing BDNF levels. |
| PubMed:Function of aspartic acid residues in optimum pH control of L-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus fermentum. |
| PubMed:Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. |
| PubMed:Isolation and molecular characterization of two lectins from dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) blossoms related to the Sam n1 allergen. |
| PubMed:Crystal structure and substrate specificity of D-galactose-6-phosphate isomerase complexed with substrates. |
| PubMed:Characterization and bioactivity of polysaccharides obtained from pine cones of Pinus koraiensis by graded ethanol precipitation. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose: cloning, overexpression and characterization of L-arabinose isomerase from Pediococcus pentosaceus PC-5. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of phosphorylated exopolysaccharide produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and anti-aging activities of mycelial polysaccharides from Lepista sordida. |
| PubMed:Mussel oligopeptides ameliorate cognition deficit and attenuate brain senescence in D-galactose-induced aging mice. |
| PubMed:Lectin Activity in Gut Extract of Culex pipiens. |
| PubMed:Catalpol improves cholinergic function and reduces inflammatory cytokines in the senescent mice induced by D-galactose. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracellular polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta. |
| PubMed:Non-enzymatic glycation of melamine with sugars and sugar like compounds. |
| PubMed:Functional characterization of the galactan utilization system of Geobacillus stearothermophilus. |
| PubMed:Cordyceps militaris extract attenuates D-galactose-induced memory impairment in mice. |
| PubMed:Metabolism of milk fat globule membrane components by nonstarter lactic acid bacteria isolated from cheese. |
| PubMed:Differential sensitivity of D-galactose-binding lectins from fruits of dwarf elder (Sambucus ebulus L.) to a simulated gastric fluid. |
| PubMed:In vivo investigation on the potential of galangin, kaempferol and myricetin for protection of D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from traditional Chinese fermented foods. |
| PubMed:A method for the production of D-tagatose using a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain secreting β-D-galactosidase from Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus and a recombinant L-arabinose isomerase from Arthrobacter sp. 22c. |
| PubMed:[Screening of food-grade microorganisms for biotransformation of D-tagatose and cloning and expression of L-arabinose isomerase]. |
| PubMed:In vivo antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from indocalamus leaves in aging mice caused by D-galactose. |
| PubMed:Purification of chicken breast protein hydrolysate and analysis of its antioxidant activity. |
| PubMed:A polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme protects against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. |
| PubMed:Anti-glycative and anti-inflammatory effects of protocatechuic acid in brain of mice treated by D-galactose. |
| PubMed:Long-term resveratrol consumption protects ovariectomized rats chronically treated with D-galactose from developing memory decline without effects on the uterus. |
| PubMed:The D-galactose specific lectin of field bean (Dolichos lablab) seed binds sugars with extreme negative cooperativity and half-of-the-sites binding. |
| PubMed:Structural, physical, and chemical modifications induced by microwave heating on native agar-like galactans. |
| PubMed:Structural characterization of the exopolysaccharide produced by Streptococcus thermophilus 05-34 and its in situ application in yogurt. |
| PubMed:Ovotoxic effects of galactose involve attenuation of follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity and up-regulation of granulosa cell p53 expression. |
| PubMed:Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide improves age-related oxidative stress and immune impairment in mice. |
| PubMed:Production of D-tagatose, a functional sweetener, utilizing alginate immobilized Lactobacillus fermentum CGMCC2921 cells. |
| PubMed:The acid-tolerant L-arabinose isomerase from the mesophilic Shewanella sp. ANA-3 is highly active at low temperatures. |
| PubMed:Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Cronobacter turicensis HPB3287 as a polysaccharide containing a 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (legionaminic acid) residue. |
| PubMed:One-pot enzymatic production of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (GalNAc) from 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcNAc). |
| PubMed:In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide fractions from Bifidobacterium animalis RH. |
| PubMed:Discovery of nigerose phosphorylase from Clostridium phytofermentans. |
| PubMed:Chemical characterization of a procyanidin-rich extract from sorghum bran and its effect on oxidative stress and tumor inhibition in vivo. |
| PubMed:s-Allyl cysteine, s-ethyl cysteine, and s-propyl cysteine alleviate β-amyloid, glycative, and oxidative injury in brain of mice treated by D-galactose. |
| PubMed:In utero and lactational β-carotene supplementation attenuates D-galactose-induced hearing loss in newborn rats. |
| PubMed:High molecular weight persimmon tannin ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative damage in senescent mice induced by D-galactose. |
| PubMed:Identification and characterization of a novel L-arabinose isomerase from Anoxybacillus flavithermus useful in D-tagatose production. |
| PubMed:A lectin from Musca domestica pupae stimulates B cell proliferation and enhances IL-12 production via ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathways. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a heterodimeric GH2 β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus sakei Lb790 and formation of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides. |
| PubMed:Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide attenuates oxidative stress induced by d-galactose in mouse brain. |
| PubMed:Chemical characterization of the avenanthramide-rich extract from oat and its effect on D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in mice. |
| PubMed:Extrusion decreases the negative effects of kidney bean on enzyme and transport activities of the rat small intestine. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic synthesis of cholecalciferol glycosides using β-glucosidase from sweet almond. |
| PubMed:Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria strains with ornithine producing capacity from natural sea salt. |
| PubMed:[Effect of lutein on relieving oxidative stress in mice induced by D-galatose]. |
| PubMed:The acid tolerant L-arabinose isomerase from the food grade Lactobacillus sakei 23K is an attractive D-tagatose producer. |
| PubMed:Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse kidney against D-galactose-induced oxidative DNA damage. |
| PubMed:Thermal decomposition of beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-hexopyranoses under neutral conditions. |
| PubMed:Purple sweet potato color protects mouse liver against d-galactose-induced apoptosis via inhibiting caspase-3 activation and enhancing PI3K/Akt pathway. |
| PubMed:Thermostable L-arabinose isomerase from Bacillus stearothermophilus IAM 11001 for D-tagatose production: gene cloning, purification and characterisation. |
| PubMed:Flavan-3-ol C-glycosides--preparation and model experiments mimicking their human intestinal transit. |
| PubMed:Characterisation of a haemagglutinin from Hokkaido red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Hokkaido red bean). |
| PubMed:[Study on the structure and constituents of polysaccharide from ganoderma lucidum]. |
| PubMed:Thermostable variants of pyranose 2-oxidase showing altered substrate selectivity for glucose and galactose. |
| PubMed:Naringin alleviates cognitive impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by D-galactose in mice. |
| PubMed:Characterization of the O-antigen in the lipopolysaccharide of Cronobacter (Enterobacter) malonaticus 3267. |
| PubMed:An L-arabinose isomerase from Acidothermus cellulolytics ATCC 43068: cloning, expression, purification, and characterization. |
| PubMed:One-pot enzymatic production of beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (galacto-N-biose) from sucrose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (N-acetylgalactosamine). |
| PubMed:A D-galactose-binding lectin with mitogenic activity from Musca domestica pupae. |
| PubMed:Physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of 3 polysaccharides from green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. |
| PubMed:Troxerutin protects the mouse liver against oxidative stress-mediated injury induced by D-galactose. |
| PubMed:A beta-l-Arabinopyranosidase from Streptomyces avermitilis is a novel member of glycoside hydrolase family 27. |
| PubMed:Protective effect of selenoarginine against oxidative stress in D-galactose-induced aging mice. |
| PubMed:Characterization of three beta-galactoside phosphorylases from Clostridium phytofermentans: discovery of d-galactosyl-beta1->4-l-rhamnose phosphorylase. |
| PubMed:Marker constituents of the natural antioxidant Eucalyptus leaf extract for the evaluation of food additives. |
| PubMed:Probing active-site residues of pyranose 2-oxidase from Trametes multicolor by semi-rational protein design. |
| PubMed:NMR studies on the interaction of sugars with the C-terminal domain of an R-type lectin from the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. |
| PubMed:A thermostable triple mutant of pyranose 2-oxidase from Trametes multicolor with improved properties for biotechnological applications. |
| PubMed:The structure of the O-antigen in the endotoxin of the emerging food pathogen Cronobacter (Enterobacter) muytjensii strain 3270. |
| PubMed:Xylose reductase activity in Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-170 cultivated in semi-synthetic medium and cotton husk hemicellulose hydrolyzate. |
| PubMed:Production of carbohydrate building blocks from red seaweed polysaccharides. Efficient conversion of galactans into C-glycosyl aldehydes. |
| PubMed:Soy isoflavones attenuate oxidative stress and improve parameters related to aging and Alzheimer's disease in C57BL/6J mice treated with D-galactose. |
| PubMed:Purple sweet potato color attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by d-galactose in mouse liver. |
| PubMed:Engineering of pyranose 2-oxidase: improvement for biofuel cell and food applications through semi-rational protein design. |
| PubMed:Syntheses of retinol glycosides using beta-glucosidase in SCCO(2) media. |
| PubMed:The unique enzymatic function of field bean (Dolichos lablab) D-galactose specific lectin: a polyphenol oxidase. |
| PubMed:[Effects of marine collagen peptide on delaying the skin aging]. |
| PubMed:Identification of lacto-N-Biose I phosphorylase from Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6. |
| PubMed:Syntheses of dopa glycosides using glucosidases. |
| PubMed:d-galactose administration induces memory loss and energy metabolism disturbance in mice: protective effects of catalpol. |
| PubMed:An overview of mannan structure and mannan-degrading enzyme systems. |
| PubMed:Purple sweet potato color repairs d-galactose-induced spatial learning and memory impairment by regulating the expression of synaptic proteins. |
| PubMed:Kefiran antagonizes cytopathic effects of Bacillus cereus extracellular factors. |
| PubMed:Characterization of pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus meleagris and its application in the C-2 specific conversion of D-galactose. |
| PubMed:[Effect of seleno-arginine on cellular immunological function in D-gal aging mice]. |
| PubMed:In vivo anti-influenza virus activity of an immunomodulatory acidic polysaccharide isolated from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans. |
| PubMed:Structural characterization and serological specificities of lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains. |
| PubMed:Colorimetric quantification of alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate. |
| PubMed:Lactobacillus ghanensis sp. nov., a motile lactic acid bacterium isolated from Ghanaian cocoa fermentations. |
| PubMed:Syntheses of N-vanillyl-nonanamide glycosides using amyloglucosidase from Rhizopus and beta-glucosidase from sweet almond. |
| PubMed:The missing step of the L-galactose pathway of ascorbate biosynthesis in plants, an L-galactose guanyltransferase, increases leaf ascorbate content. |
| PubMed:Determination of the lactose content of fluid milk by spectrophotometric enzymatic analysis using weight additions and path length adjustment: collaborative study. |
| PubMed:Structural elucidation of a 3-O-methyl-D-galactose-containing neutral polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus igniarius. |
| PubMed:Seed mucilage from Ipomoea dasysperma. |
| PubMed:Properties of pyranose dehydrogenase purified from the litter-degrading fungus Agaricus xanthoderma. |
| PubMed:Galactose oxidase immobilized on silica in an analytical determination of galactose-containing carbohydrates. |
| PubMed:[Effect of resveratrol on the cognitive ability of Alzheimeros mice]. |
| PubMed:[Isolation and identification of a bacterial strain JS018 capable of degrading several kinds of organophosphate pesticides]. |
| PubMed:Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1. |
| PubMed:Production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose using beta-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri. |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of two novel beta-galactosidases from Lactobacillus reuteri. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a thermostable endo-beta-1,4-D-galactanase from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima. |
| PubMed:Pressure effect on the stability and the conformational dynamics of the D-Galactose/D-Glucose-binding protein from Escherichia coli. |
| PubMed:Histochemical analysis of glycoconjugate secretion in the alimentary canal of Anguilla anguilla L. |
| PubMed:The in vivo synthesis and accumulation of lectin in developing seeds of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). |
| PubMed:[Isolation and characterization of active compounds from Aloe vera with a possible role in skin protection]. |
| PubMed:Altering glucose oxidase to oxidize D-galactose through crosslinking of imprinted protein. |
| PubMed:Analysis of reducing carbohydrates by reductive tryptamine derivatization prior to micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. |
| PubMed:The three-dimensional structures of two beta-agarases. |
| PubMed:Production of tagatose by a recombinant thermostable L-arabinose isomerase from Thermus sp. IM6501. |
| PubMed:[Anti-oxidative effects of proanthocyanidins in mice induced by D-galactose]. |
| PubMed:The beta-1,4-endogalactanase A gene from Aspergillus niger is specifically induced on arabinose and galacturonic acid and plays an important role in the degradation of pectic hairy regions. |
| PubMed:Aspartame optical biosensor with bienzyme-immobilized eggshell membrane and oxygen-sensitive optode membrane. |
| PubMed:Galactosyl transfer catalyzed by thermostable beta-glycosidases from Sulfolobus solfataricus and Pyrococcus furiosus: kinetic studies of the reactions of galactosylated enzyme intermediates with a range of nucleophiles. |
| PubMed:Sensitive and rapid immunoassays for Salmonella enteritidis. |
| PubMed:Specificity of lectin activity of Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal inclusion proteins. |
| PubMed:Conversion of sugars to 1,2-propanediol by Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum HG-8. |
| PubMed:Transgalactosylation by thermostable beta-glycosidases from Pyrococcus furiosus and Sulfolobus solfataricus. Binding interactions of nucleophiles with the galactosylated enzyme intermediate make major contributions to the formation of new beta-glycosides during lactose conversion. |
| PubMed:Role of Na+-glucose cotransport in jejunal meal-induced absorption. |
| PubMed:Bioconversion of D-galactose into D-tagatose by expression of L-arabinose isomerase. |
| PubMed:Determination of edible bird's nest and its products by gas chromatography. |
| PubMed:Development of an ultra-high-temperature process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose. I. The properties of two thermostable beta-glycosidases. |
| PubMed:Transglycosylation reactions of Bacillus stearothermophilus maltogenic amylase with acarbose and various acceptors. |
| PubMed:NT-3 attenuates functional and structural disorders in sensory nerves of galactose-fed rats. |
| PubMed:Role of Streptococcus thermophilus MR-1C capsular exopolysaccharide in cheese moisture retention. |
| PubMed:Presence of leptin receptors in rat small intestine and leptin effect on sugar absorption. |
| PubMed:Purification and partial characterization of an antigen specific to Lactobacillus brevis strains with beer spoilage activity. |
| PubMed:Calcium channel blockers modify jejunal uptake of D-galactose in rabbits. |
| PubMed:Release of ferulic acid from sugar-beet pulp by using arabinanase, arabinofuranosidase and an esterase from Aspergillus niger. |
| PubMed:Carrageenans and their use in meat products. |
| PubMed:Certain functional properties of gums derived from some lesser known tropical legumes (Afzelia africana, Detarium microcarpum and Mucuna flagellipes). |
| PubMed:Antitumor activities and immunochemical properties of the cell-wall polysaccharides from Aureobasidium pullulans. |
| PubMed:Rhamnogalacturonan alpha-L-rhamnopyranohydrolase. A novel enzyme specific for the terminal nonreducing rhamnosyl unit in rhamnogalacturonan regions of pectin. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-containing disaccharides and phenols as substrates for the alpha-L-mannosidase activity of commercial naringinase. |
| PubMed:[Effects of Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides on productivity and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster]. |
| PubMed:Effect of cadmium on enzymatic digestion and sugar transport in the small intestine of rabbit. |
| PubMed:Effect of cadmium on D-galactose transport across the small intestine of rabbits. |
| PubMed:Kinetic heterogeneity of Na-D-glucose cotransport in teleost gastrointestinal tract. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of oligosaccharides derived from plant xyloglucan on intestinal glucose absorption in rat. |
| PubMed:Isolation, characterization, and antitumor activities of the cell wall polysaccharides from Elsinoe leucospila. |
| PubMed:Effect of oat gum on the physical properties of the gastrointestinal contents and on the uptake of D-galactose and cholesterol by rat small intestine in vitro. |
| PubMed:In vivo binding of the winged bean basic lectin labeled with iodo[2-14C]acetic acid to the intestinal epithelial cells of the rat. |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of a galactose-binding lectin from the skin mucus of the conger eel Conger myriaster. |
| PubMed:Digestibility of pentose sugars and uronic acids and their effect on chick weight gain and caecal size. |
| PubMed:Role of the glucopyranose ring in the elicitation of feeding. |
| PubMed:D-glucose suppression of eating after intra-third ventricle infusion in rat. |
| PubMed:Ascorbic acid in cultured tissue of briar rose, Rosa rugosa Thunb. |
| PubMed:Identification and purification of an endogenous receptor for the lectin pallidin from Polysphondylium pallidum. |
| PubMed:Intestinal transport of hexoses in the rat following chronic heat exposure. |
| PubMed:Intestinal absorption of D-glucose and D-galactose in rats infected with Nematospiroides dubius. |
| PubMed:Developmentally regulated, carbohydrate-binding protein in Dictyostelium discoideum. |
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The free sugar has been detected in some fruits. Polysaccharides agar, gum arabic, mesquite gum, western larch gum and many plant mucilages and gums contain galactose
D-Galactose is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. D-Galactose is an energy-providing nutrient and also a necessary basic substrate for the biosynthesis of many macromolecules in the body. Metabolic pathways for D-Galactose are important not only for the provision of these pathways but also for the prevention of D-Galactose and D-Galactose metabolite accumulation. The main source of D-Galactose is lactose in the milk of mammals, but it can also be found in some fruits and vegetables. Utilization of D-Galactose in all living cells is initiated by the phosphorylation of the hexose by the enzyme galactokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.6) (GALK) to form D-Galactose-1-phosphate. In the presence of D-Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (E.C. 2.7.7.12) (GALT) D-Galactose-1-phosphate is exchanged with glucose-1-phosphate in UDP-glucose to form UDP-galactose. Glucose-1-phosphate will then enter the glycolytic pathway for energy production. Deficiency of the enzyme GALT in galactosemic patients leads to the accumulation of D-Galactose-1-phosphate. Classic galactosemia-a term that denotes the presence of D-Galactose in the blood is the rare inborn error of D-Galactose metabolism, diagnosed by the deficiency of the second enzyme of the D-Galactose assimilation pathway, GALT, which, in turn, is caused by mutations at the GALT gene. (PMID: 15256214, 11020650, 10408771); In organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C6H12O6. Hexoses are classified by functional group, with aldohexoses having an aldehyde at position 1, and ketohexoses having a ketone at position 2.
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3D/inchi