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campesterol
24a-methyl-5-cholesten-3b-ol

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CODE122711 CODE122711
Product(s):
474-62-4 Campesterol >98%
Campesterol is a phytosterol, primarily found in nuts, fruits, legumes and seeds. It is poorly absorbed in humans and competitively inhibits the absorption of cholesterol. lt decreases the transcription of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in hepa

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CODE122711 CODE122711

Product(s):

Name:	(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
CAS Number:	474-62-4	3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:	207-484-4
FDA UNII:	5L5O665639
Nikkaji Web:	J83.526I
Beilstein Number:	3216974
MDL:	MFCD00010475
XlogP3-AA:	8.80 (est)
Molecular Weight:	400.68976000
Formula:	C28 H48 O
BioActivity Summary:	listing
NMR Predictor:	Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)

Category:food additive, phytosterols

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

Google Scholar:	Search
Google Books:	Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"	Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"	Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"	Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:	Search
Google Patents:	Search
US Patents:	Search
EU Patents:	Search
Pubchem Patents:	Search
PubMed:	Search
NCBI:	Search

Physical Properties:

Assay:	95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed:	No
Melting Point:	157.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point:	489.00 to 490.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point:	418.00 °F. TCC ( 214.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w):	9.972 (est)
Soluble in:
	water, 0.0001487 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Organoleptic Properties:

Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).

Cosmetic Information:

None found

Suppliers:

Alfa Biotechnology

For experimental / research use only.

Campesterol 98%

For experimental / research use only.

Campesterol >98%

Odor: characteristic

Use: Campesterol is a phytosterol, primarily found in nuts, fruits, legumes and seeds. It is poorly absorbed in humans and competitively inhibits the absorption of cholesterol. lt decreases the transcription of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in hepa

For experimental / research use only.

For experimental / research use only.

Campesterol from Plants ≥97%

Odor: characteristic

Use: Campesterol is one of several plant sterols that biologists find in a range of edible plants. Some of these plant sterols have medical uses even in today’s modern medicine. It is thought to have anti-inflammatory effects. It was demonstrated that it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation. Campesterol is also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions. Scientists have found that campesterol and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. That leads some scientists to view campesterol as a valuable element in controlling cholesterol and lowering the risk of heart disease. However, it’s important to note that the effects of various levels of campesterol can be different for different individuals.

Santa Cruz Biotechnology

For experimental / research use only.

Campesterol ∼65%

Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma

For experimental / research use only.

Campesterol ∼65%, crystalline

Chemical Sources Association

Need This Item for Flavor/Food?: You can contact the Chemical Sources Association

Safety Information:

Preferred SDS: View

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
food additive, phytosterols
Recommendation for campesterol usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.

Recommendation for campesterol flavor usage levels up to:
	not for flavor use.

Safety References:

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on the safety of stigmasterol-rich plant sterols as food additive
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

ClinicalTrials.gov:search

Daily Med:search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :5283637

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

Chemidplus:0000474624

References:

	(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):	5283637
Pubchem (sid):	135269909
Pherobase:	View

Other Information:

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C01789
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB02869
FooDB:	FDB012521
Export Tariff Code:	2906.13.5000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:	View
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View

Potential Blenders and core components note

None Found

Potential Uses:

None Found

Occurrence (nature, food, other):note

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Synonyms:

	campesterin
	campesterol from glycine max (soybean)
	campestrol
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5,6-	dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
24(R)-	ergost-5-en-3b-ol
(24R)-	ergost-5-en-3beta-ol
24a-	methyl cholesterol
24a-	methyl-5-cholesten-3b-ol
24-	methyl-5-cholestene-3-ol
24-a-	methylcholesterol
24a-	methylcholesterol

Articles:

PubMed:Analysis of phytosterols and phytostanols in enriched dairy products by Fast gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.

PubMed:Changes in the Triterpenoid Content of Cuticular Waxes during Fruit Ripening of Eight Grape (Vitis vinifera) Cultivars Grown in the Upper Rhine Valley.

PubMed:Analysis of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) unsaponifiable fraction. Effect of ripening stage on phytosterols and phytostanols composition.

PubMed:Effect of β-cryptoxanthin plus phytosterols on cardiovascular risk and bone turnover markers in post-menopausal women: A randomized crossover trial.

PubMed:Detection of Chemlali extra-virgin olive oil adulteration mixed with soybean oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil by using GC and HPLC.

PubMed:Cholesterol metabolism and serum non-cholesterol sterols: summary of 13 plant stanol ester interventions.

PubMed:Investigation of antihyperglycaemic activity of banana (Musa sp. var. Nanjangud rasa bale) pseudostem in normal and diabetic rats.

PubMed:Extraction optimization by response surface methodology: Purification and characterization of phytosterol from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) rind.

PubMed:Effects of UV-B Radiation Levels on Concentrations of Phytosterols, Ergothioneine, and Polyphenolic Compounds in Mushroom Powders Used As Dietary Supplements.

PubMed:Characterization of oilseed lipids from "DHA-producing Camelina sativa": a new transformed land plant containing long-chain omega-3 oils.

PubMed:Recent advances in Phytosterol Oxidation Products.

PubMed:Effect of ultra high pressure homogenization treatment on the bioactive compounds of soya milk.

PubMed:Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil: analytical and phytochemical characterization of the unsaponifiable fraction.

PubMed:Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.: a rich source of lipophilic phytochemicals.

PubMed:Consumption of plant sterol-enriched foods and effects on plasma plant sterol concentrations--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

PubMed:In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Effects of Sterol Fraction from Red Algae Porphyra dentata.

PubMed:Degradation of phytosterols during storage of enriched margarines.

PubMed:Phytosterols in grapes and wine, and effects of agrochemicals on their levels.

PubMed:Lipophilic extracts of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC): a source of valuable bioactive terpenic compounds.

PubMed:Phytochemical profiles of black, red, brown, and white rice from the Camargue region of France.

PubMed:Phytochemical profile of a Japanese black-purple rice.

PubMed:Seasonal changes in minor membrane phospholipid classes, sterols and tocopherols in overwintering insect, Pyrrhocoris apterus.

PubMed:Effects of environmental factors on edible oil quality of organically grown Camelina sativa.

PubMed:Common sources and composition of phytosterols and their estimated intake by the population in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

PubMed:Chemometric profile of root extracts of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. with hyphenated gas chromatography mass spectrometric technique.

PubMed:Effect of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) on high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters.

PubMed:Microbial symbionts shape the sterol profile of the xylem-feeding woodwasp, Sirex noctilio.

PubMed:Red ginseng marc oil inhibits iNOS and COX-2 via NFκB and p38 pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

PubMed:Triterpenoid content of berries and leaves of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus from Finland and Poland.

PubMed:Sterol composition of shellfish species commonly consumed in the United States.

PubMed:Sterols and triterpene diols in olive oil as indicators of variety and degree of ripening.

PubMed:A single extraction and HPLC procedure for simultaneous analysis of phytosterols, tocopherols and lutein in soybeans.

PubMed:Sterols heating: degradation and formation of their ring-structure polar oxidation products.

PubMed:Analysis of free and esterified sterols in edible oils by online reversed phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (RPLC-GC) using the through oven transfer adsorption desorption (TOTAD) interface.

PubMed:Fate of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters: analysis of individual intact esters in human feces.

PubMed:Characterization of High-Value Bioactives in Some Selected Varieties of Pakistani Rice (Oryza sativa L.).

PubMed:Synthesis and assessment of the relative toxicity of the oxidised derivatives of campesterol and dihydrobrassicasterol in U937 and HepG2 cells.

PubMed:Comparison of the triterpenoid content of berries and leaves of lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea from Finland and Poland.

PubMed:Absence of oxysterol-like side effects in human monocytic cells treated with phytosterols and oxyphytosterols.

PubMed:Investigation of unsaponifiable matter of plant oils and isolation of eight phytosterols by means of high-speed counter-current chromatography.

PubMed:Capsaicinoids lower plasma cholesterol and improve endothelial function in hamsters.

PubMed:Dietary intake of plant sterols stably increases plant sterol levels in the murine brain.

PubMed:Effects of plant sterol esters in skimmed milk and vegetable-fat-enriched milk on serum lipids and non-cholesterol sterols in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: a randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

PubMed:Nutritional impact on the plasma metabolome of rats.

PubMed:Phytosterols: perspectives in human nutrition and clinical therapy.

PubMed:Chemical composition and nutritional value of unripe banana flour (Musa acuminata, var. Nanicão).

PubMed:Ripening, storage temperature, ethylene action, and oxidative stress alter apple peel phytosterol metabolism.

PubMed:Vitamin D and sterol composition of 10 types of mushrooms from retail suppliers in the United States.

PubMed:Comparison of the impact of trans fatty acids from ruminant and industrial sources on surrogate markers of cholesterol homeostasis in healthy men.

PubMed:Validation of an isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for analysis of 7-oxygenated campesterol and sitosterol in human serum.

PubMed:High-speed counter-current chromatographic separation of phytosterols.

PubMed:Cerebral accumulation of dietary derivable plant sterols does not interfere with memory and anxiety related behavior in Abcg5-/- mice.

PubMed:Primary hyperlipidemias in children: effect of plant sterol supplementation on plasma lipids and markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption.

PubMed:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry screening for phytochemical 4-desmethylsterols accumulated during development of Tunisian peanut kernels (Arachis hypogaea L.).

PubMed:Commercial peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars in the United States: phytosterol composition.

PubMed:Dietary hempseed meal intake increases body growth and shortens the larval stage via the upregulation of cell growth and sterol levels in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed:High throughput screening of mutants of oat that are defective in triterpene synthesis.

PubMed:Genetic regulation of serum phytosterol levels and risk of coronary artery disease.

PubMed:Influence of colour type and previous cultivation on secondary metabolites in hypocotyls and leaves of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers).

PubMed:[Comparison of the dietary phytosterols intake and serum lipids content in elderly women from three cities of China].

PubMed:Dietary phytosterols and phytostanols alter the expression of sterol-regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats.

PubMed:Effect of the solvent type and temperature on phytosterol contents and compositions of wheat straw, bran, and germ extracts.

PubMed:Antiproliferation properties of grain sorghum dry distiller's grain lipids in Caco-2 cells.

PubMed:Effect of rapeseed oil-derived plant sterol and stanol esters on atherosclerosis parameters in cholesterol-challenged heterozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits.

PubMed:Characterization of Saskatoon berry ( Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) seed oil.

PubMed:Serum sterol responses to increasing plant sterol intake from natural foods in the Mediterranean diet.

PubMed:[Analysis of phytosterol contents in food plant materials and Chinese traditional medicines].

PubMed:Lack of genoprotective effect of phytosterols and conjugated linoleic acids on Caco-2 cells.

PubMed:Analysis of phytosterols in extra-virgin olive oil by nano-liquid chromatography.

PubMed:Identification and assessment of antioxidant capacity of phytochemicals from kiwi fruits.

PubMed:Miscanthus x giganteus extractives: a source of valuable phenolic compounds and sterols.

PubMed:Enzymatic production of trans-free hard fat stock from fractionated rice bran oil, fully hydrogenated soybean oil, and conjugated linoleic Acid.

PubMed:Contents of phytosterols in vegetables and fruits commonly consumed in China.

PubMed:[Foods fortified with phytosterins: their role in decreasing serum cholesterol level, their European Community authorization and requirements for placing them on the market].

PubMed:Nutritional traits of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) seeds from plants chronically exposed to ozone pollution.

PubMed:Plant stanol ester spreads as components of a balanced diet for pregnant and breast-feeding women: evaluation of clinical safety.

PubMed:Effects of yoghurt enriched with free plant sterols on the levels of serum lipids and plant sterols in moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects on a high-fat diet.

PubMed:Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols in low-fat yogurt consumed as a snack or with a meal.

PubMed:Effects of a phytosterol-enriched dairy product on lipids, sterols and 8-isoprostane in hypercholesterolemic patients: a multicenter Italian study.

PubMed:Modulation of cytokine production by plant sterols in stimulated human Jurkat T cells.

PubMed:The digestibility and accumulation of dietary phytosterols in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt fed diets with replacement plant oils.

PubMed:Phytosterol effects on milk and yogurt microflora.

PubMed:Effects of plant sterols on human multidrug transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1.

PubMed:Sterol oxidation in ready-to-eat infant foods during storage.

PubMed:Baseline plasma plant sterol concentrations do not predict changes in serum lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) and plasma plant sterols following intake of a plant sterol-enriched food.

PubMed:[Changes in lipid metabolism in patients in the active phase of Crohn's disease].

PubMed:Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and phytosterol composition in six Tunisian olive varieties.

PubMed:Pomegranate oil analysis with emphasis on MALDI-TOF/MS triacylglycerol fingerprinting.

PubMed:Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed oil is a rich source of gamma-tocopherol.

PubMed:Safety tests and antinutrient analyses of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) leaf.

PubMed:Phytosterols dissolved in diacylglycerol oil reinforce the cholesterol-lowering effect of low-dose pravastatin treatment.

PubMed:Preferential efflux of phytosterols over cholesterol from macrophages.

PubMed:Effect of low-fat, fermented milk enriched with plant sterols on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in moderate hypercholesterolemia.

PubMed:No evidence of genotoxic effect in vivo of the phytosterol oxidation products triols and epoxides.

PubMed:[Analysis of phytosterol contents in Chinese plant food and primary estimation of its intake of people].

PubMed:Dose-response effects of different plant sterol sources in fat spreads on serum lipids and C-reactive protein and on the kinetic behavior of serum plant sterols.

PubMed:Food sources of plant sterols in the EPIC Norfolk population.

PubMed:Separation and determination of diversiform phytosterols in food materials using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.

PubMed:Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of brazil, pecan, pine, pistachio and cashew nuts.

PubMed:Phytochemical and nutrient composition of the freeze-dried amazonian palm berry, Euterpe oleraceae mart. (acai).

PubMed:Characterization of the chemical composition of lotus plumule oil.

PubMed:Quantitation of fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols in turpentine (Pistacia terebinthus Chia) growing wild in Turkey.

PubMed:Dietary 5-campestenone (campest-5-en-3-one) enhances fatty acid oxidation in perfused rat liver.

PubMed:Common sources and estimated intake of plant sterols in the Spanish diet.

PubMed:Campest-5-en-3-one, an oxidized derivative of campesterol, activates PPARalpha, promotes energy consumption and reduces visceral fat deposition in rats.

PubMed:Plant sterols and stanols.

PubMed:Effects of diet and metamorphosis upon the sterol composition of the butterfly Morpho peleides.

PubMed:Separation of Delta5- and Delta7-phytosterols by adsorption chromatography and semipreparative reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography for quantitative analysis of phytosterols in foods.

PubMed:Intakes of selected nutrients, foods, and phytochemicals and prostate cancer risk in western New York.

PubMed:Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States.

PubMed:Levels of phytosterol oxides in enriched and nonenriched spreads: application of a thin-layer chromatography-gas chromatography methodology.

PubMed:Glucosinolates and fatty acid, sterol, and tocopherol composition of seed oils from Capparis spinosa Var. spinosa and Capparis ovata Desf. Var. canescens (Coss.) Heywood.

PubMed:Margarine phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2 intestinal cells.

PubMed:The effect of plant stanol- and sterol-enriched foods on lipid metabolism, serum lipids and coronary heart disease.

PubMed:Separation of phytosterol oxidation products by combination of different polarity gas chromatography capillary columns.

PubMed:Capillary electrochromatography of sterols and related steryl esters derived from vegetable oils.

PubMed:Estimation of plant sterol and cholesterol intake in Finland: quality of new values and their effect on intake.

PubMed:Amaranth as a rich dietary source of beta-sitosterol and other phytosterols.

PubMed:Octreotide in the treatment of small intestinal dysfunction after a model of jejunoileal autotransplantation in the pig.

PubMed:Growth hormone selectively improves intestinal cholesterol absorption after jejunoileal autotransplantation in pigs.

PubMed:Lipid [corrected] classes, fatty acids, and sterols in seafood from Gilbert Bay, southern labrador.

PubMed:Characterization of carrot root oil arising from supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction.

PubMed:Gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification of mixtures of oxyphytosterol and oxycholesterol derivatives application to a phytosterol-enriched food.

PubMed:Fatty acid profile, tocopherol, squalene and phytosterol content of walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts and the macadamia nut.

PubMed:Oral absorption of phytosterols and emulsified phytosterols by Sprague-Dawley rats.

PubMed:Phytosterol composition of hybrid Hibiscus seed oils.

PubMed:Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterol esters differ in milk, yoghurt, bread and cereal.

PubMed:Plant sterol-fortified orange juice effectively lowers cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic healthy individuals.

PubMed:Phytosterols: lack of cytotoxicity but interference with beta-carotene uptake in Caco-2 cells in culture.

PubMed:Determination of sterol and fatty acid compositions, oxidative stability, and nutritional value of six walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars grown in Portugal.

PubMed:A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women.

PubMed:Phytonutrient deficiency: the place of palm fruit.

PubMed:Analysis of plant sterol and stanol esters in cholesterol-lowering spreads and beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy.

PubMed:Safety of long-term consumption of plant sterol esters-enriched spread.

PubMed:Presence of phytosterol oxides in crude vegetable oils and their fate during refining.

PubMed:Solid-phase extraction-thin-layer chromatography-gas chromatography method for the detection of hazelnut oil in olive oils by determination of esterified sterols.

PubMed:Oil goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.).

PubMed:Inhibitory activity of minor polyphenolic and nonpolyphenolic constituents of olive oil against in vitro low-density lipoprotein oxidation.

PubMed:Expression of a Streptomyces 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase gene in oilseeds for converting phytosterols to phytostanols.

PubMed:A single daily dose of soybean phytosterols in ground beef decreases serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in young, mildly hypercholesterolemic men.

PubMed:Injected phytosterols/stanols suppress plasma cholesterol levels in hamsters.

PubMed:Classification and class-modeling of "Riviera Ligure" extra-virgin olive oil using chemical-physical parameters.

PubMed:Phytosterol content in American ginseng seed oil.

PubMed:Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterol esters and non-esterified stanols in margarine, butter and low-fat foods.

PubMed:Safety and tolerability of esterified phytosterols administered in reduced-fat spread and salad dressing to healthy adult men and women.

PubMed:Effects of plant sterols and stanols on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk.

PubMed:Comparative effects of phytosterol oxides and cholesterol oxides in cultured macrophage-derived cell lines.

PubMed:Analysis of olive and hazelnut oil mixtures by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry of triacylglycerols and gas-liquid chromatography of non-saponifiable compounds (tocopherols and sterols).

PubMed:Influence of sources of dietary oils on the life span of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PubMed:The safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 6. The comparative absorption and tissue distribution of phytosterols in the rat.

PubMed:Dietary phytosterol inhibits the growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells grown in SCID mice.

PubMed:Relation of acidity and sensory quality with sterol content of olive oil from stored fruit.

PubMed:Chemical composition of some wild peanut species (Arachis L.) seeds.

PubMed:Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 5. Faecal short-chain fatty acid and microflora content, faecal bacterial enzyme activity and serum female sex hormones in healthy normolipidaemic volunteers consuming a controlled diet either with or without a phytosterol ester-enriched margarine.

PubMed:Mass spectrometry characterization of the 5alpha-, 7alpha-, and 7beta-hydroxy derivatives of beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol.

PubMed:Characterization of Moringa oleifera variety Mbololo seed oil of Kenya.

PubMed:Analytical evaluation of virgin olive oil of first and second extraction.

PubMed:Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 4. Faecal concentrations of bile acids and neutral sterols in healthy normolipidaemic volunteers consuming a controlled diet either with or without a phytosterol ester-enriched margarine.

PubMed:Safety evaluation of phytosterol esters. Part 1. Assessment of oestrogenicity using a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays.

PubMed:Plant sterol-enriched margarines and reduction of plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects.

PubMed:Short-term administration of tall oil phytosterols improves plasma lipid profiles in subjects with different cholesterol levels.

PubMed:A marked and sustained reduction in LDL sterols by diet and cholestyramine in beta-sitosterolemia.

PubMed:Simplified gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of phytosterols and cholesterol.

PubMed:Effects of ketoconazole on cholesterol synthesis and precursor concentrations in the rat liver.

PubMed:Capillary gas-liquid chromatography of faecal free and esterified neutral sterols.

PubMed:Determination of the sterol composition of diets used in dietary management of hyperlipoproteinemia.

PubMed:Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of cholesterol and other sterols in foods.

PubMed:Plasma and dietary phytosterols in children.

Notes:

Constit. of rapeseed oil (Brassica napa), soybean oil (Glycine max) and wheatgerm oil (Triticum spp.). Found in virtually all plant oils Campesterol is a phytosterol, meaning it is a steroid derived from plants. As a food additive, phytosterols have cholesterol-lowering properties (reducing cholesterol absorption in intestines), and may act in cancer prevention. Phytosterols naturally occur in small amount in vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. One such phytosterol complex, isolated from vegetable oil, is cholestatin, composed of campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and is marketed as a dietary supplement. Sterols can reduce cholesterol in human subjects by up to 15%.; ; The mechanism behind phytosterols and the lowering of cholesterol occurs as follows : the incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract is inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed. This may in turn help to control body total cholesterol levels, as well as modify HDL, LDL and TAG levels. Many margarines, butters, breakfast cereals and spreads are now enriched with phytosterols and marketed towards people with high cholesterol and a wish to lower it. -- Wikipedia; Presence of brassicasterol, together with auxiliary markers ?-linolenic acid and erucic acid, is a marker of adulteration of soybean oil and sunflower oil with rapeseed oil. As there is no brassicasterol in sunflower and soybean oil, but its concentration in rapeseed oil is about 1400 mg/kg, the amount of rapeseed oil added can be calculated.

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