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Category:antimicrobial, skin conditioning
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 389.00 to 390.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 342.00 °F. TCC ( 172.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 2.900 |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 51.85 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 5576 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Vol. 2, Pg. 31, 1982.
oral-mouse LD50 4228 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Vol. 2, Pg. 31, 1982.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1558 mg/kg
Chinese Medical Journal Vol. 92, Pg. 811, 1979.
intramuscular-dog LD > 800 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Vol. 2, Pg. 31, 1982.
unreported-mouse LD > 2000 mg/kg
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Vol. 37, Pg. 1108, 1993.
intramuscular-mouse LD50 2800 mg/kg
Chinese Medical Journal Vol. 92, Pg. 811, 1979.
intramuscular-rat LD50 2571 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Vol. 2, Pg. 31, 1982.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | antimicrobial, skin conditioning |
| Recommendation for artemisinin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for artemisinin flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | artemisine | | | artemisinine | | | artemisininum | | | huanghuahaosu | | (3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR)- | octahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano(4,3-j)-1,2-benzodioxepin-10(3H)-one | | | qing hau sau | | | qinghaosu | | 1,5,9- | trimethyl-(1R,4S,5R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-one | | 1,5,9- | trimethyl-(1R,4S,5R,9R,12S,13R)-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-one | | 1,5,9- | trimethyl-(1S,4S,5R,8S,9R,12S,13S)-11,15,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-one | | (1R,4S,5R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1,5,9- | trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-one | | (1S,4S,5R,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1,5,9- | trimethyl-11,14,15,16-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.3.1.04,13.08,13]hexadecan-10-one |
Articles:
| Info:Artemisinin |
| PubMed:Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli for production of terpenoids. |
| PubMed:Metabolic engineering of plants for artemisinin synthesis. |
| PubMed:Regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and sulphotransferase 2A1 gene expression in primary porcine hepatocytes by selected sex-steroids and plant secondary metabolites from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and wormwood (Artemisia sp.). |
| PubMed:Pumped up: reflections on PfATP6 as the target for artemisinins. |
| PubMed:Regulation of cytochrome P450 mRNA expression in primary porcine hepatocytes by selected secondary plant metabolites from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). |
| PubMed:Artemisinin rewires the protein interaction network in cancer cells: network analysis, pathway identification, and target prediction. |
| PubMed:Fast and reliable artemisinin determination from different Artemisia annua leaves based alimentary products by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Dihydroartemisinin promotes angiogenesis during the early embryonic development of zebrafish. |
| PubMed:Toxic essential oils. Part II: chemical, toxicological, pharmacological and microbiological profiles of Artemisia annua L. volatiles. |
| PubMed:Protein complex directs hemoglobin-to-hemozoin formation in Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of dihydroartemisinin against phorbol ester-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages. |
| PubMed:Use of artemether-lumefantrine to treat malaria during pregnancy: what do we know and need to know? |
| PubMed:Defining the timing of action of antimalarial drugs against Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:Artemisinin production and precursor ratio in full grown Artemisia annua L. plants subjected to external stress. |
| PubMed:Management of imported malaria in Europe. |
| PubMed:Effect of external stress on density and size of glandular trichomes in full-grown Artemisia annua, the source of anti-malarial artemisinin. |
| PubMed:Awareness of anti-malarial policy and malaria treatment practices of patent medicine vendors in three Nigerian states. |
| PubMed:Artemether-lumefantrine: an option for malaria. |
| PubMed:Pyronaridine-artesunate combination therapy for the treatment of malaria. |
| PubMed:Monitoring of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, and artemether in environmental matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). |
| PubMed:In vitro trematocidal effects of crude alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua, A. absinthium, Asimina triloba, and Fumaria officinalis: trematocidal plant alcoholic extracts. |
| PubMed:Artemisinin reduces the level of antibodies to gliadin in schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Millet-porridge with Artemisia annua as first aid for African children with malaria? |
| PubMed:Genotoxicity assessment of the antimalarial compound artesunate in somatic cells of mice. |
| PubMed:Artemisia annua extracts, artemisinin and 1,8-cineole, prevent fruit infestation by a major, cosmopolitan pest of apples. |
| PubMed:Malaria: severe, life-threatening. |
| PubMed:Update on the diagnosis and treatment of food-borne trematode infections. |
| PubMed:Intravenous artesunate for the treatment of severe malaria. |
| PubMed:Effect of artemisinin on oocyst wall formation and sporulation during Eimeria tenella infection. |
| PubMed:Single-dose safety, pharmacokinetics, and food effects studies of compound naphthoquine phosphate tablets in healthy volunteers. |
| PubMed:Merging traditional Chinese medicine with modern drug discovery technologies to find novel drugs and functional foods. |
| PubMed:Drying affects artemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, and the antioxidant capacity of Artemisia annua L. leaves. |
| PubMed:Dispersible formulation of artemether/lumefantrine: specifically developed for infants and young children. |
| PubMed:Progress in the development of piperaquine combinations for the treatment of malaria. |
| PubMed:Treatment of malaria from monotherapy to artemisinin-based combination therapy by health professionals in urban health facilities in Yaoundé, central province, Cameroon. |
| PubMed:A stratified random survey of the proportion of poor quality oral artesunate sold at medicine outlets in the Lao PDR - implications for therapeutic failure and drug resistance. |
| PubMed:Artemisinin-dipeptidyl vinyl sulfone hybrid molecules: design, synthesis and preliminary SAR for antiplasmodial activity and falcipain-2 inhibition. |
| PubMed:First artemisinin-based antimalarial combination approved for U.S. market. |
| PubMed:[Pregnancy and traveling]. |
| PubMed:Willingness and ability to pay for artemisinin-based combination therapy in rural Tanzania. |
| PubMed:Artemether-lumefantrine versus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for treating uncomplicated malaria: a randomized trial to guide policy in Uganda. |
| PubMed:Artemether + lumefantrine: new drug. An alternative to atovaquone + proguanil. |
| PubMed:Household burden of malaria in South Africa and Mozambique: is there a catastrophic impact? |
| PubMed:Artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes in the treatment of helminth infections. |
| PubMed:[The treatment of falciparum malaria]. |
| PubMed:How much fat is necessary to optimize lumefantrine oral bioavailability? |
| PubMed:Nutrient deficiency in the production of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid, and artemisinic acid in Artemisia annua L. |
| PubMed:Malaria: uncomplicated, caused by Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:Pharmacovigilance and new essential drugs in Africa: Zambia draws lessons from its own experiences and beyond. |
| PubMed:Mechanism of antimalarial action of the synthetic trioxolane RBX11160 (OZ277). |
| PubMed:Genetic linkage of pfmdr1 with food vacuolar solute import in Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:Modeling the decomposition mechanism of artemisinin. |
| PubMed:Oral artemisinin prevents and delays the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in the rat. |
| PubMed:Analysis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. by LC-MS with selected ion monitoring. |
| PubMed:ATPase activity of purified plasma membranes and digestive vacuoles from Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:Artemisinin-based combination therapies for uncomplicated malaria. |
| PubMed:Characterization of the effect of retinol on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. |
| PubMed:Reaction of artemisinin with haemoglobin: implications for antimalarial activity. |
| PubMed:Antimalarial quinolines and artemisinin inhibit endocytosis in Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:Artemisinins target the SERCA of Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:Safety evaluations of drugs containing artemisinin derivatives for the treatment of malaria. |
| PubMed:Mechanism-based design of parasite-targeted artemisinin derivatives: synthesis and antimalarial activity of new diamine containing analogues. |
| PubMed:Effects of arteether on an auditory radial-arm maze task in rats. |
| PubMed:Studies of the neurotoxicity of oral artemisinin derivatives in mice. |
| PubMed:Arteether toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics in rats after 25 mg/kg/day single and multiple doses. |
| PubMed:Antiparasitic agents. |
| PubMed:The Plasmodium falciparum translationally controlled tumor protein: subcellular localization and calcium binding. |
| PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of mefloquine combined with artesunate in children with acute falciparum malaria. |
| PubMed:Effect of food intake on pharmacokinetics of oral artemisinin in healthy Vietnamese subjects. |
| PubMed:Artemisinin enhances heme-catalysed oxidation of lipid membranes. |
| PubMed:Oxidative stress in malaria; implications for prevention and therapy. |
| PubMed:Morphologic effects of artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum. |
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3D/inchi