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Category:flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.95100 to 0.95700 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.913 to 7.963
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.50000 to 1.50600 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Melting Point: | 2.00 to 4.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 142.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 6.465000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 3.2 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 134.00 °F. TCC ( 56.67 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 1.220 |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 2.214e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | | | water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Flavor Type: green |
| green |
| Taste Description: green |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | T - Toxic. |
R 10 - Flammable.
R 20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R 24 - Toxic in contact with skin.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 01/02 - Keep locked up and out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 [sex: F] 841 mg/kg
(Pullin et al., 1973)
oral-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 700 mg/kg
(Birch, 1972c)
oral-rat LD50 1290 mg/kg
(Goe, 1984)
oral-bird - wild LD50 422 mg/kg
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 355, 1983.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 335 mg/kg
Toxicon. Vol. 23, Pg. 815, 1985.
oral-mouse LD50 350 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 57(9-10), Pg. 64, 1992.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 163 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. Vol. 5, Pg. 920, 1985.
oral-rat LD50 440 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 57(9-10), Pg. 64, 1992.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 270 ul/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 57(9-10), Pg. 64, 1992.
skin-guinea pig LDLo 500 mg/kg
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 841, 1986.
skin-rabbit LD50 270 uL/kg
AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 10, Pg. 61, 1954.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-mouse LC50 4000 mg/m3
AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 10, Pg. 61, 1954.
inhalation-mouse LC50 4000 mg/m3
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 57(9-10), Pg. 64, 1992.
inhalation-rat LCLo 1000 ppm/4H
AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 10, Pg. 61, 1954.
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for 4-methyl pyridine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.73 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 400 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | II |
| |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| | average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | - | - |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 24 (FGE.24): Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf
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Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28 Flavouring Group Evaluation 24, Revision 1 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 77 (FGE77) [1] - Consideration of Pyridine, Pyrrole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to Pyridine, Pyrrole, Indole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.24Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf
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Scientific opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 24, Revision 2 (FGE.24Rev2): Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28
View page or View pdf
|
| EPI System: View |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):108-89-4 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7963 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 1992 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| 4-methylpyridine |
| Chemidplus:0000108894 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:108-89-4 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| gamma- | methyl pyridine | | p- | methyl pyridine | | para- | methyl pyridine | | 4- | methyl-pyridine | | 4- | methylazine | | 4- | methylpyridine | | p- | methylpyridine | | para- | methylpyridine | | 4- | picoline | | gamma- | picoline | | p- | picoline | | para- | picoline | | | pyridine, 4-methyl- |
Articles:
| US Patents:3,931,166 - Certain 2,5-dimethyl-3-thiopyrazines |
| PubMed:Lewis Acid Behavior of SF4 : Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Study of Adducts of SF4 with Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives. |
| US Patents:Flavoring agent |
| PubMed:Room-Temperature Transition-Metal-Free One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Aryl Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Iodo-hemiaminal Intermediate. |
| PubMed:Experimental and Computational Insights into Carbon Dioxide Fixation by RZnOH Species. |
| PubMed:X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopic study of trans-bis(acetylacetonato)-bis(4-methylpyridine)cobalt(III). |
| PubMed:Simple and extremely efficient blue emitters based on mononuclear Cu(I)-halide complexes with delayed fluorescence. |
| PubMed:Investigation of structure, vibrational, electronic, NBO and NMR analyses of 2-chloro-4-nitropyridine (CNP), 2-chloro-4-methyl-5-nitropyridine (CMNP) and 3-amino-2-chloro-4-methylpyridine (ACMP) by experimental and theoretical approach. |
| PubMed:Eu(OTf)3-catalyzed highly regioselective nucleophilic ring opening of 2,3-epoxy alcohols: an efficient entry to 3-substituted 1,2-diol derivatives. |
| PubMed:Silylium ion-promoted dehydrogenative cyclization: synthesis of silicon-containing compounds derived from alkynes. |
| PubMed:An Accessible Chiral Linker to Enhance Potency and Selectivity of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Nitric oxide photorelease from a trinuclear ruthenium nitrosyl complex and its in vitro cytotoxicity against melanoma cells. |
| PubMed:[Ru(η5-C5H5)(η6-C10H8)]PF6 as a catalyst precursor for the one-pot direct C-H alkenylation of nitrogen heterocycles. |
| PubMed:Utilizing proton transfer to produce molecular salts in bromanilic acid substituted-pyridine molecular complexes - predictable synthons? |
| PubMed:Cyclization of substitued 2-(2-fluorophenylazo)azines to azino[1,2-c]benzo[d][1,2,4]triazinium derivatives. |
| PubMed:General one-pot reductive gem-bis-alkylation of tertiary lactams/amides: rapid construction of 1-azaspirocycles and formal total synthesis of (±)-cephalotaxine. |
| PubMed:¹H-MAS-NMR chemical shifts in hydrogen-bonded complexes of chlorophenols (pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, and p-chlorophenol) and amine, and H/D isotope effects on ¹H-MAS-NMR spectra. |
| PubMed:Pd-catalyzed C3-selective arylation of pyridines with phenyl tosylates. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of neuronal degenerin/epithelial Na+ channels by the multiple sclerosis drug 4-aminopyridine. |
| PubMed:An amino-imino resonance study of 2-amino-4-methylpyridinium nitrate and 2-amino-5-methylpyridinium nitrate. |
| PubMed:A simple competition assay to probe pentacopper(I)-thiolato cluster ligand exchange. |
| PubMed:Probing the nature of the Co(III) ion in corrins: comparison of reactions of aquacyanocobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester and aquacyano-stable yellow cobyrinic acid hexamethyl ester with neutral N-donor ligands. |
| PubMed:Vibrational spectroscopic and DFT calculation studies of cobalt(II) complexes with 3-hydroxypicolinic acid. |
| PubMed:Molecular and crystal structures, vibrational studies and quantum chemical calculations of 3 and 5-nitroderivatives of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine. |
| PubMed:NMR studies of solid pentachlorophenol-4-methylpyridine complexes exhibiting strong OHN hydrogen bonds: geometric H/D isotope effects and hydrogen bond coupling cause isotopic polymorphism. |
| PubMed:Solvent-induced intercluster rearrangements and the reversible luminescence responses in sulfide bridged gold(I)-silver(I) clusters. |
| PubMed:A molecular light-driven water oxidation catalyst. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and photophysical studies of blue phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes with dimethylphenylphospine. |
| PubMed:Feasibility and dosimetry studies for 18F-NOS as a potential PET radiopharmaceutical for inducible nitric oxide synthase in humans. |
| PubMed:Metallacycles of cadmium, mercury dicarboxylates. |
| PubMed:New π-arene ruthenium(II) piano-stool complexes with nitrogen ligands. |
| PubMed:Investigations on the interaction of dichloroaluminum carboxylates with Lewis bases and water: an efficient road toward oxo- and hydroxoaluminum carboxylate complexes. |
| PubMed:Magnesium hydrides and the dearomatisation of pyridine and quinoline derivatives. |
| PubMed:Influence of proton transfer degree on the potential energy surface for two very short hydrogen bonds. |
| PubMed:Characterization of pentacarbonyl(4-methylpyridine)chromium(0) complex using density functional theory (DFT) and Hartree-Fock (HF) computational methods. |
| PubMed:The extent of molecular orientation at liquid/vapor interface of pyridine and its alkyl derivatives by molecular dynamics simulation. |
| PubMed:Photoisomerization mechanism of 4-methylpyridine explored by electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. |
| PubMed:Diverse structures and adsorption properties of quasi-Werner-type copper(II) complexes with flexible and polar axial bonds. |
| PubMed:DNA interaction and cytotoxicity studies of new ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl derivative complexes containing heteroaromatic ligands. |
| PubMed:Separation of different ion structures in atmospheric pressure photoionization-ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (APPI-IMS-MS). |
| PubMed:Inverse freezing in molecular binary mixtures of alpha-cyclodextrin and 4-methylpyridine. |
| PubMed:Amino acyl conjugates of nitrogen heterocycles as potential pharmacophores. |
| PubMed:Unprecedented three-step spin-crossover transition in new 2-dimensional coordination polymer {Fe(II)(4-methylpyridine)(2)[Au(I)(CN)(2)](2)}. |
| PubMed:Tuning the magnetic moment of [Ru2(DPhF)3(O2CMe)L]+ complexes (DPhF=N,N'-diphenylformamidinate): a theoretical explanation of the axial ligand influence. |
| PubMed:Quantitative morphometry of respiratory tract epithelial cells as a tool for testing chemopreventive agent efficacy. |
| PubMed:Water accessibility to the binding cleft as a major switching factor from entropy-driven to enthalpy-driven binding of an alkyl group by synthetic receptors. |
| PubMed:Specific fragmentation of the K-shell excited/ionized pyridine derivatives studied by electron impact: 2-, 3- and 4-methylpyridine. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activities of the [RuCl2(NO)(dppp)(L)]PF6 complexes. |
| PubMed:Photocytotoxic trans-diam(m)ine platinum(IV) diazido complexes more potent than their cis isomers. |
| PubMed:Towards a more reliable symmetry determination from powder diffraction: a redetermination of the low-temperature structure of 4-methylpyridine-N-oxide. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of neutral iron(II) and ruthenium(II) complexes with the isocyanotriphenylborate ligand. |
| PubMed:Modulation of carcinogen metabolizing enzymes by new fused heterocycles pendant to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives. |
| PubMed:Concise route to the chiral pyrrolidine core of selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide. |
| PubMed:Comment on "Phase diagram of a solution undergoing inverse melting". |
| PubMed:Design and synthesis of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine analogues as inhibitors for inducible nitric oxide synthase and in vivo evaluation of [18F]6-(2-fluoropropyl)-4-methyl-pyridin-2-amine as a potential PET tracer for inducible nitric oxide synthase. |
| PubMed:A new route for substitution of the bridging acetate on the oxo-centered triruthenium acetate cluster. |
| PubMed:Robust packing in cyclopalladated primary amines: isomorphous crystal structures of four complexes with varying substitution patterns. |
| PubMed:Phase diagram of a solution undergoing inverse melting. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and structure of a ferrocenylboron dication. |
| PubMed:Surface coordination of nitric oxide to a self-assembled monolayer of a triruthenium cluster: an in situ infrared spectroscopic study. |
| PubMed:Toward a facile one-step construction of quantum dots containing Zn8S cores. |
| PubMed:Electronic structures and spin topologies of gamma-picoliniumyl radicals. A study of the homolysis of N-methyl-gamma-picolinium and of benzo-, dibenzo-, and naphthoannulated analogs. |
| PubMed:Octahedral adducts of dichlorosilane with substituted pyridines: synthesis, reactivity and a comparison of their structures and (29)si NMR chemical shifts. |
| PubMed:Facile, one-step production of niacin (vitamin B3) and other nitrogen-containing pharmaceutical chemicals with a single-site heterogeneous catalyst. |
| PubMed:Photodissociation dynamics of small aromatic molecules studied by multimass ion imaging. |
| PubMed:Degradation of pyridine and 4-methylpyridine by Gordonia terrea IIPN1. |
| PubMed:Decreased beta-adrenoceptor chronotropic response in selenium-deficient mice: negative crosstalk between iNOS activity and cAMP accumulation. |
| PubMed:Vapor-phase photochemistry of methyl- and cyanopyridines: deuterium labeling studies. |
| PubMed:Thermodynamics of hydrophobic interactions: entropic recognition of a hydrophobic moiety by poly(ethylene oxide)-zinc porphyrin conjugates. |
| PubMed:Composition dependence and the nature of endothermic freezing and exothermic melting. |
| PubMed:Syntheses, characterization, and photo-hydrogen-evolving properties of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) derivatives tethered to a cis-Pt(II)Cl2 unit: insights into the structure-activity relationship. |
| PubMed:Cyclization reactions of homopropargyl azide derivatives catalyzed by PtCl4 in ethanol solution: synthesis of functionalized pyrrole derivatives. |
| PubMed:Smoke from traditional commercial, harm reduction and research brand cigarettes impairs oviductal functioning in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in vitro. |
| PubMed:Crystallization on heating and complex phase behavior of alpha-cyclodextrin solutions. |
| PubMed:Syntheses, pi-stacking interactions and base-pairings of uracil pyridinium salts and uracilyl betaines with nucleobases. |
| PubMed:Origins of isotopomeric polymorphism. |
| PubMed:Molecularly organized Langmuir-Blodgett films from a ruthenium biphosphine complex. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of diruthenium(III,II) and monoruthenium(III) complexes containing pyridyl-substituted 2-anilinopyridinate ligands. |
| PubMed:Synchrotron and neutron diffraction study of 4-methylpyridine-N-oxide at low temperature. |
| PubMed:The expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a subcomplex of the peripheral stalk of ATP synthase from bovine mitochondria. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, physicochemical and anticonvulsant properties of new N-(pyridine-2-yl) derivatives of 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane and [4.5]decane-1,3-dione. Part II. |
| PubMed:Relaxation dynamics of highly vibrationally excited picoline isomers (E(vib) = 38 300 cm(-1)) with CO2: the role of state density in impulsive collisions. |
| PubMed:Parahydrogen derived illumination of pyridine based coordination products obtained from reactions involving rhodium phosphine complexes. |
| PubMed:Aerobic biodegradation of 4-methylpyridine and 4-ethylpyridine by newly isolated Pseudonocardia sp. strain M43. |
| PubMed:Mode of action of poly(vinylpyridine-N-oxide) in preventing silicosis: effective scavenging of carbonate anion radical. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic properties and theoretical studies on a one-dimensional polynuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(mu1,3-SCN)2(mu'1,3-SCN)2(MPyO)2]n. |
| PubMed:Hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions in a laminar structure: benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-4-methylpyridine (1/2). |
| PubMed:A new family of Ru complexes for water oxidation. |
| PubMed:Boron as a bridging ligand. |
| PubMed:Oxidation states and CO ligand exchange kinetics in a self-assembled monolayer of a triruthenium cluster studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:One-step synthesis of triethynylvinylmethanes and tetraethynylmethanes by GaCl(3)-promoted diethynylation of 1,4-enynes and 1,4-diynes. |
| PubMed:Kinetics and mechanisms of the electron transfer reactions of oxo-centred carboxylate bridged complexes, [Fe3(mu3-O)(O2CR)6L3]ClO4, with verdazyl radicals in acetonitrile solution. |
| PubMed:The fixation of bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindolato (BPI) ligands to dendritic carbosilanes. |
| PubMed:[Synthesis and spectral properties of tailed sercine tetraphenylporphyrin cobalt complex]. |
| PubMed:Cp*Rh complexes with pyridyloxazolines: synthesis, fluxionality and applications as asymmetric catalysts for Diels-Alder reactions. |
| PubMed:3-[3-Fluoro-5-(5-pyridin-2-yl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-methylpyridine: a highly potent and orally bioavailable metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptor antagonist. |
| PubMed:NMR parameters and geometries of OHN and ODN hydrogen bonds of pyridine-acid complexes. |
| PubMed:Freezing on heating of liquid solutions. |
| PubMed:Richness of isomerism in labile octahedral Werner-type cobalt(II) complexes demonstrated by 19F NMR spectroscopy: structure and stability. |
| PubMed:Rotation-libration and rotor-rotor coupling in 4-methylpyridine. |
| PubMed:Photoisomerization and photodissociation of aniline and 4-methylpyridine. |
| PubMed:Isotopomeric polymorphism. |
| PubMed:Heme-protein active site models via self-assembly in water. |
| PubMed:[Study on adductive reaction of Ni[(C4H9O)2PS2]2 with nitrogen base by spectrographic method]. |
| PubMed:Adduct formation of methyltrioxorhenium with mono- and bidentate nitrogen donors: formation constants. |
| PubMed:Monometallic and dimetallic ruthenium(II)-terpyridine complexes employing the tetradentate ligands dipyridylpyrazolyl, dipyridyloxadiazole, and their dimethyl derivatives. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase aggravates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: effect of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine. |
| PubMed:Pyridines in cigarette smoke inhibit hamster oviductal functioning in picomolar doses. |
| PubMed:Regioselective photocycloaddition of pyridine derivatives to electron-rich alkenes. |
| PubMed:Emission and metal- and ligand-centered-redox characteristics of the hexarhenium(III) clusters trans- and cis-[Re6(mu 3-S)8Cl4(L)2]2-, where L is a pyridine derivative or pyrazine. |
| PubMed:New cationic olefin cyclization-pinacol reactions. Ring-expanding cyclopentane annulations that directly install useful functionality in the cyclopentane ring. |
| PubMed:GaCl(3)-catalyzed ortho-ethynylation of phenols. |
| PubMed:Low-dimensional compounds containing cyano groups. I. catena-Poly[dicyanoargentato(I)-kappaN]bis(4-methylpyridine-kappaN)copper(II)]-mu-dicyanoargentato(I)-kappa2N:N']. |
| PubMed:Adsorption geometry of 4-picoline chemisorbed on the Cu(110) surface: a study of forces controlling molecular self-assembly. |
| PubMed:Process control of apple winemaking by low-resolution gas-phase Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Chemistry of 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-glycopyranosyl Triflates: Contrasting Behavior between the Gluco and Manno Series. |
| PubMed:Mixed Chloride/Amine Complexes of Dimolybdenum(II,II). 4. Rotational Isomers of Mo(2)Cl(4)(R-py)(4) (R-py = 4-Picoline, 3,5-Lutidine, and 4-tert-Butylpyridine). |
| PubMed:Synthesis and Structural Characterization of (1,4-Dihydropyrid-1-yl)aluminum Complexes. |
| PubMed:Strong Trans Influence Methoxymethyl Ligand in B(12) Cobaloxime and Imine/Oxime Model Complexes: Structural, Spectroscopic, and Molecular Mechanics Investigations. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of trans-[PtCl(R'R''SO)(A)2]NO3 (R'R''SO = Me2SO, MeBzSO, MePhSO; A= NH3, py, pic). Crystal structure of trans-[PtCl(Me2SO)(py)2]+. |
| PubMed:Suppression of hippocampal slice excitability by 2-, 3-, and 4-methylpyridine. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, structural characterization, and Monte Carlo simulation of the magnetic properties of two new alternating MnII azide 2-D honeycombs. Study of the ferromagnetic ordered phase below 20 K. |
| PubMed:Syntheses and antitumor activities of potent inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase: 3-amino-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarba-zone (3-AMP), 3-amino-pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone (3-AP) and its water-soluble prodrugs. |
| PubMed:S-(4-methoxyphenyl) benzenethiosulfinate (MPBT)/trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride: a convenient system for the generation of glycosyl triflates from thioglycosides. |
| PubMed:Efficient pyridinylmethyl functionalization: synthesis of 10, 10-Bis[(2-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)methyl]-9(10H)-anthracenone (DMP 543), an acetylcholine release enhancing agent. |
| PubMed:trans-dichlorotetrakis(4-methylpyridine)silicon bis(triiodide) chloroform solvate |
| PubMed:Direct stereoselective synthesis of beta-thiomannosides. |
| PubMed:Dimeric copper(II) 3,3-dimethylbutyrate adducts with ethanol, 2-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine and 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid |
| PubMed:Ethylenediamine-palladium(II) complexes with pyridine and its derivatives: synthesis, molecular structure and initial antitumor studies. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the mode of action of a dinuclear platinum complex containing a pyridine derivative with its monomeric analog. |
| PubMed:Effects of intravenous nitric oxide inhibitors on endotoxin-induced fever in prepubertal pigs. |
| PubMed:Analgesic activity of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, a novel NO synthase inhibitor. |
| PubMed:A Novel Dimeric Zinc Complex: Bis{&mgr;- [(dimercaptomethylene)propanedinitrilato-S,S']}tetrakis(4-methylpyridine)dizinc(II)-Chloroform. |
| PubMed:2-Amino-4-methylpyridine as a potent inhibitor of inducible NO synthase activity in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:Photophysical and ab Initio Studies of Mononuclear Copper(I) Complexes. |
| PubMed:Radical Formation in the Oxidation of 2,2'-Azo-2-methyl-6-heptene by Thianthrene Cation Radical. |
| PubMed:Reactions of Pinacols with One-Electron Oxidants. |
| PubMed:Ground- and excited-state spectroscopic studies on [1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(amino)-2,4-(dicyano)-9,10-tetrahydrophenanthrene]. |
| PubMed:The influence of picolines on glutathione transferase activity and subunit composition in human liver derived Hep G2 cells. |
| PubMed:Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase. Comparative effects of amino- and hydroxy-substituted pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and antitumor activity of amino derivatives of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and antitumor activity of 3- and 5-hydroxy-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones. |
| PubMed:cis-bis(pyridine)platinum(II) organoamides with unexpected growth inhibition properties and antitumor activity. |
| PubMed:The new antitumor compound, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(4-methylpyridine)Cl]Cl, does not form N7,N7-d(GpG) chelates with DNA. An unexpected preference for platinum binding at the 5'G in d(GpG). |
| PubMed:Synthesis of optically active 1-acyl-2-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine via 1-O-benzyl-sn-glycerol 3-arenesulfonate. |
| PubMed:Solvent extraction of lead(II) with N-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosohydroxylamine into methyl isobutyl ketone. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of sorbistin analogues. |
| PubMed:Chemical and biological properties of a new series of cis-diammineplatinum(II) antitumor agents containing three nitrogen donors: cis-[Pt(NH3)2(N-donor)Cl]+. |
| PubMed:Solvent extraction of Cd(II) with N-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosohydroxylamine and 4-methylpyridine into methyl isobutyl ketone. |
| PubMed:Neurophysiological consequences of acute exposure to methylpyridines. |
| PubMed:On the mechanism of action of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine, a morphine-like analgesic. |
| PubMed:The surface active properties and antibacterial activity of the compounds, trans-[Rh(L)4Cl2]Cl . nH2O. |
| PubMed:Studies on anticoccidial agents. 10. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of 5-nitronicotinamide and its analogues. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships in reactivators of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. 10. Hydroxyiminomethylarylethenylpyridine methiodides. |
| PubMed:A direct proton magnetic resonance study of Co2+ complexes with imidazole, 4-methylpyridine, pyridine, pyrimidine, and purine in water-acetone mixtures. |
| PubMed:[Protective effect of 1-phenacyloxime-4-methylpyridine chloride in experimental poisoning with phosphacol]. |
| PubMed:[On the cleavage of the furan nucleus. V. On the synthesis of 2-substituted 3-hydroxy-4-methylpyridine from 3-methyl-2-furyl-ketones]. |
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3D/inchi