Category:information only not used for fragrances or flavors
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless liquid (est) |
Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 0.88900 @ 25.00 °C.
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Boiling Point: | 168.00 to 170.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 2.100000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. |
Flash Point: | 120.00 °F. TCC ( 48.89 °C. )
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logP (o/w): | 3.630 |
Soluble in: |
| alcohol | | water, 57 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View |
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 5000 mg/kg "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 34, 1986.
intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo 1788 mg/kg AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 9, Pg. 227, 1954.
intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 1752 mg/kg "Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals", 11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989Vol. 11, Pg. 1258, 1989.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
Not determined
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LC50 18000 mg/m3/4H Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 44(5), Pg. 15, 1979.
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | information only not used for fragrances or flavors |
Recommendation for pseudocumene usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Recommendation for pseudocumene flavor usage levels up to: |
| not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl- | pseudo | cumol | | methyl-p-xylene | | methyl-para-xylene | 1,2,4- | trimethyl benzene | 1,2,4- | trimethyl-benzene | 1,2,4- | trimethylbenzene |
Articles:
PubMed:An exploratory study of air emissions associated with shale gas development and production in the Barnett Shale. |
PubMed:Nationally representative levels of selected volatile organic compounds in Canadian residential indoor air: population-based survey. |
PubMed:Induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by nonanoic acid and exacerbation of allergic inflammation in mice. |
PubMed:Two-dimensional modeling of volatile organic compounds adsorption onto beaded activated carbon. |
PubMed:Anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a petrochemical wastewater from two aromatic transformation processes by fluidized bed reactors. |
PubMed:Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of OH with the trimethylbenzenes--experimental evidence for the formation of adduct isomers. |
PubMed:Electrochemical preparation of poly(p-phenylenediamine-co-aniline) composite coating on a stainless steel wire for the headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic determination of some derivatives of benzene. |
PubMed:Vibrational analysis and valence force field for nitrotoluenes, dimethylanilines and some substituted methylbenzenes. |
PubMed:[Observation and study on atmospheric VOCs in Changsha city]. |
PubMed:Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. |
PubMed:Prompt HO2 formation following the reaction of OH with aromatic compounds under atmospheric conditions. |
PubMed:Confirmed assignments of isomeric dimethylbenzyl radicals generated by corona discharge. |
PubMed:Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source. |
PubMed:Silylium-arene adducts: an experimental and theoretical study. |
PubMed:Relationship between the thermally induced reorientations of aromatic solvate molecules in Cu(hfac)2-nitroxide breathing crystals and the character of the magnetic anomaly. |
PubMed:Characterizations of volatile organic compounds during high ozone episodes in Beijing, China. |
PubMed:Concentration characteristics of VOCs and acids/bases in the gas phase and water-soluble ions in the particle phase at an electrical industry park during construction and mass production. |
PubMed:Quantitative assessments of indoor air pollution and respiratory health in a population-based sample of French dwellings. |
PubMed:Electrochemical preparation of polyaniline-ionic liquid based solid phase microextraction fiber and its application in the determination of benzene derivatives. |
PubMed:Health risk assessment of exposure to selected volatile organic compounds emitted from an integrated iron and steel plant. |
PubMed:Estimation of absorption of aromatic hydrocarbons diffusing from interior materials in automobile cabins by inhalation toxicokinetic analysis in rats. |
PubMed:Fate of aromatic hydrocarbons in Italian municipal wastewater systems: an overview of wastewater treatment using conventional activated-sludge processes (CASP) and membrane bioreactors (MBRs). |
PubMed:Formation yields of glyoxal and methylglyoxal from the gas-phase OH radical-initiated reactions of toluene, xylenes, and trimethylbenzenes as a function of NO2 concentration. |
PubMed:Neurobehavioral effects of acute exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. |
PubMed:Contrasting effects of 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene or hemimellitene on sensitivity to amphetamine and propensity to amphetamine sensitization in the rat. |
PubMed:[Study on concentration, ozone production potential and sources of VOCs in the atmosphere of Beijing during Olympics period]. |
PubMed:Using a biological aerated filter to treat mixed water-borne volatile organic compounds and assessing its emissions. |
PubMed:Formation of zwitterionic fullerodendron using a new DBN-focal dendron. |
PubMed:Speciated VOC emission inventory and spatial patterns of ozone formation potential in the Pearl River Delta, China. |
PubMed:Volatile organic compounds in a residential and commercial urban area with a diesel, compressed natural gas and oxygenated gasoline vehicular fleet. |
PubMed:Revolving hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction coupled to GC/MS using electron ionization for quantification of five aromatic hydrocarbon isomers. |
PubMed:Synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of conjugates between 2'-deoxyadenosine and modified anthraquinone: probes for hole-transfer studies in DNA. |
PubMed:Nature and prevalence of non-additive toxic effects in industrially relevant mixtures of organic chemicals. |
PubMed:Assessing in situ rates of anaerobic hydrocarbon bioremediation. |
PubMed:Formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong homes: concentrations and impact factors. |
PubMed:Determination of substituted benzenes in water samples by fiber-in-tube liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. |
PubMed:Toxicity assessment of organic contaminants: evaluation of mixture effects in model industrial mixtures using 2n full factorial design. |
PubMed:Gas chromatographic analysis of petroleum associated condensate oil with simultaneous determination of some characteristic physical parameters. |
PubMed:Selective enhancement of the fluorescent pseudomonad population after amending the recirculating nutrient solution of hydroponically grown plants with a nitrogen stabilizer. |
PubMed:Volatile organic compound constituents from an integrated iron and steel facility. |
PubMed:Crystal structure and growth mechanism of unusually long fullerene (C60) nanowires. |
PubMed:In-tube extraction for enrichment of volatile organic hydrocarbons from aqueous samples. |
PubMed:Occurrence and potential human-health relevance of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from domestic wells in the United States. |
PubMed:Model studies for evaluating the neurobehavioral effects of complex hydrocarbon solvents II. Neurobehavioral effects of white spirit in rat and human. |
PubMed:Mesoporous materials with zeolite framework: remarkable effect of the hierarchical structure for retardation of catalyst deactivation. |
PubMed:Nanodosemeters based on gel scintillators. |
PubMed:A new blend of white sapote fruit volatiles as potential attractant to Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
PubMed:A new approach to determine method detection limits for compound-specific isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds. |
PubMed:Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in bituminous emulsion sealants using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Kinetics and products of photolysis and reaction with OH radicals of a series of aromatic carbonyl compounds. |
PubMed:Treatment of volatile organic chemicals on the EPA Contaminant Candidate List using ozonation and the O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation process. |
PubMed:Application of monitored natural attenuation to remediate a petroleum-hydrocarbon spill site. |
PubMed:Measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in new residential buildings and VOCs behavior over time. |
PubMed:3,4-dimethylbenzyl radical formed in a corona discharge of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. |
PubMed:A physiological pharmacokinetic model based on tissue lipid content for simulating inhalation pharmacokinetics of highly lipophilic volatile organic chemicals. |
PubMed:Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuel on emission characteristics from a four-stroke motorcycle engine. |
PubMed:Developmental toxicity of two trimethylbenzene isomers, mesitylene and pseudocumene, in rats following inhalation exposure. |
PubMed:Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in asphalt release agents using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:The relationship between volatile organic profiles and emission sources in ozone episode region-a case study in Southern Taiwan. |
PubMed:Theoretical study of the methylbenzene side-chain hydrocarbon pool mechanism in methanol to olefin catalysis. |
PubMed:Comparison of the efficacy of biodegradable and non-biodegradable scintillation liquids on the counting of tritium- and [14C]-labeled compounds. |
PubMed:Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon vapors: laboratory studies on rates and kinetics in unsaturated alluvial sand. |
PubMed:Degradation of volatile hydrocarbons from steam-classified solid waste by a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. |
PubMed:High-energy physics. Environmental report paralyzes Italian neutrino lab. |
PubMed:Fatal lipoid pneumonia due to bronco-aspiration of isoparaffin after ingestion of an organophosphate insecticide. |
PubMed:In situ biodegradation determined by carbon isotope fractionation of aromatic hydrocarbons in an anaerobic landfill leachate plume (Vejen, Denmark). |
PubMed:In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of skin barrier creams and protective gloves on percutaneous absorption of industrial solvents. |
PubMed:Pseudocumene in brain, liver, lung and blood of rats after single and repeated inhalation exposure. |
PubMed:Chemical biotechnology for the specific oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons on a technical scale. |
PubMed:[The lipid peroxidation system in the organism of experimental animals after exposure to cyclic hydrocarbons]. |
PubMed:[Effect of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene inhalation on energy metabolism in experimental animals]. |
PubMed:Degradation of toluene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene vapors by biofiltration: a comparison. |
PubMed:Assessment of long-term neurotoxic effects of exposure to mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) based on the analysis of selected behavioral responses. |
PubMed:Use of the two-liquid phase concept to exploit kinetically controlled multistep biocatalysis. |
PubMed:Effects of occupational exposure to a mixture of solvents on the inner ear: a field study. |
PubMed:Toxicokinetics and metabolism of pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) after inhalation exposure in rats. |
PubMed:MTBE and aromatic hydrocarbons in North Carolina stormwater runoff. |
PubMed:Gas-phase ion/molecule reactions between dimethoxyphosphonium ions and aromatic hydrocarbons. |
PubMed:Characterization and application of xylene monooxygenase for multistep biocatalysis. |
PubMed:Biodegradation of soluble aromatic compounds of jet fuel under anaerobic conditions: laboratory batch experiments. |
PubMed:[Microsomal monooxygenases upon inhalation exposure to pseudocumene and durene]. |
PubMed:Detection of petroleum hydrocarbons at low ppb levels using quartz resonator sensors and instrumentation of a smart environmental monitoring system. |
PubMed:The effect of aliphatic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons on production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in rat brain synaptosome fraction: the involvement of calcium, nitric oxide synthase, mitochondria, and phospholipase A. |
PubMed:Application of microbial enumeration technique to evaluate the occurrence of natural bioremediation. |
PubMed:Behavioral effects following subacute inhalation exposure to m-xylene or trimethylbenzene in the rat: a comparative study. |
PubMed:Air and biological monitoring of solvent exposure during graffiti removal. |
PubMed:Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric screening for volatile hydrocarbons in blood. |
PubMed:The effects of aliphatic (n-nonane), naphtenic (1,2, 4-trimethylcyclohexane), and aromatic (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) hydrocarbons on respiratory burst in human neutrophil granulocytes. |
PubMed:Sub-chronic inhalation toxicity of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in rats. |
PubMed:Changes in electrocortical arousal following acute trimethylbenzene administration in rats. |
PubMed:Xylene monooxygenase catalyzes the multistep oxygenation of toluene and pseudocumene to corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, and acids in Escherichia coli JM101. |
PubMed:Selection of microbial populations degrading recalcitrant hydrocarbons of gasoline by monitoring of culture-headspace composition. |
PubMed:Identification of the dimethylbenzyl mercapturic acid in urine of rats administered with 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. |
PubMed:Effects of acute exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons C 9 on locomotor activity in rats. Trimethylbenzene isomers. |
PubMed:[State of energy metabolism and microsomal monooxygenases in animals exposed to inhaled 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene]. |
PubMed:Neurotoxicity assessment of selected organic solvents based on spontaneous and evoked cortical and hippocampal activity in rats. |
PubMed:[Assessment of acute neurotoxic effect of exposure to certain organic solvents based on an analysis of bioelectric function of the rat cerebral cortex]. |
PubMed:Physiologically based modeling of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene inhalation toxicokinetics. |
PubMed:Behavioural changes following a four-week inhalation exposure to hemimellitene (1,2,3-trimethylbenzene) in rats. |
PubMed:[Changes in biochemical parameters of erythrocytes in workers engaged in pyromellitic dianhydride production]. |
PubMed:Toxicokinetics of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in humans exposed to vapours of white spirit: comparison with exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene alone. |
PubMed:Genotoxicity evaluation of trimethylbenzenes. |
PubMed:Results of long-term experimental carcinogenicity studies of the effects of gasoline, correlated fuels, and major gasoline aromatics on rats. |
PubMed:Behavioral changes following 4-week inhalation exposure to pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) in the rat. |
PubMed:Biological monitoring of experimental human exposure to trimethylbenzene. |
PubMed:Inhalation toxicokinetics of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in volunteers: comparison between exposure to white spirit and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene alone. |
PubMed:Respiratory irritative effects of trimethylbenzenes: an experimental animal study. |
PubMed:[Changes in function of rabbit cerebral cortex after intraperitoneal injections of organic solvents. II. Pseudocumene and 4-ethyltoluene]. |
PubMed:Retardation of the age-related increase in spontaneous cortical spike-wave discharges (SWD) in rats after a 28-day inhalation (SWD) in rats after a 28-day inhalation exposure to an industrial solvent, pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene). |
PubMed:Urinary excretion of dimethylhippuric acids in humans after exposure to trimethylbenzenes. |
PubMed:Organisation of the tmb catabolic operons of Pseudomonas putida TMB and evolutionary relationship with the xyl operons of the TOL plasmid pWW0. |
PubMed:Toxicokinetics of inhaled trimethylbenzenes in man. |
PubMed:Oxidation of naphthenoaromatic and methyl-substituted aromatic compounds by naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase. |
PubMed:Neurotoxic effects of acute and subchronic inhalation exposure to trimethylbenzene isomers (pseudocumene, mesitylene, hemimellitene) in rats. |
PubMed:[Comparison of standard methods for determination of pseudocumene in urine using gas chromatography with the headspace technique and a new method using a headspace automatic sampler]. |
PubMed:Inhalation experiments with mixtures of hydrocarbons. Experimental design, statistics and interpretation of kinetics and possible interactions. |
PubMed:Cooperative organization of inorganic-surfactant and biomimetic assemblies. |
PubMed:Toxic effects of acute inhalation exposure to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in experimental animals. |
PubMed:Liquid/air partition coefficients of the trimethylbenzenes. |
PubMed:Determination of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid as a biological monitoring index for trimethylbenzene exposure in transfer printing workers. |
PubMed:[Determination of dimethylbenzoic acid isomers in urine by gas chromatography]. |
PubMed:Inhibition of alkylbenzene biodegradation under denitrifying conditions by using the acetylene block technique. |
PubMed:Physiological properties of a Pseudomonas strain which grows with p-xylene in a two-phase (organic-aqueous) medium. |
PubMed:Urinary excretion of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid in workers exposed to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. |
PubMed:[Exposure to organic solvent vapors during production of lacquers for automobile painting]. |
PubMed:Determination of kerosene and light oil components in blood. |
PubMed:Identification and catabolic activity of well-derived gasoline-degrading bacteria from a contaminated aquifer. |
PubMed:Accumulation and distribution of aliphatic (n-nonane), aromatic (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) and naphthenic (1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane) hydrocarbons in the rat after repeated inhalation. |
PubMed:Protection against chemical-induced lung injury by inhibition of pulmonary cytochrome P-450. |
PubMed:Regulator and enzyme specificities of the TOL plasmid-encoded upper pathway for degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and expansion of the substrate range of the pathway. |
PubMed:Determination of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in serum of a person exposed to liquid scintillation counting solutions by GC/MS. |
PubMed:Ultrastructural effects of phosphorothionates and other inhibitors of lung monooxygenases: protection against trialkylphosphorothiolate-induced lung injury. |
PubMed:Distribution and metabolism of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) in the rat. |
PubMed:Gasoline and kerosene components in blood--a forensic analysis. |
PubMed:Uptake of 19 hydrocarbon vapors inhaled by F344 rats. |
PubMed:Gas chromatographic determination for forensic purposes of petroleum fuel inhaled just before fatal burning. |
PubMed:Isolation of a Pseudomonas stutzeri strain that degrades o-xylene. |
PubMed:[Increase in the colony count in drinking water tanks caused by solvents from the coating material]. |
PubMed:Characterization of a novel TOL-like plasmid from Pseudomonas putida involved in 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene degradation. |
PubMed:Identification of cis-diols as intermediates in the oxidation of aromatic acids by a strain of Pseudomonas putida that contains a TOL plasmid. |
PubMed:Application of gas chromatography in conjunction with enrichment of samples on active carbon to determine low concentrations of organic compounds in air. Part I. Aromatic hydrocarbons. |
PubMed:Kinetics of solvents release from paint coatings. I. Paint coating hardened at +20 degrees C temperature. |
PubMed:[Various aspects of the effects of pseudocumene and monochloromethylpseudocumene on the workers engaged in bis(alkylbenzyl)ethylene sulfide (ABES additive) manufacturing]. |
PubMed:[Gas chromatographic determination of pseudocumene, mono-and dichloromethylpseudocumene and dichloroethane in the air]. |
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of spontaneously occurring TOL plasmid mutants of Pseudomonas putida HS1. |
PubMed:Catabolism of pseudocumene and 3-ethyltoluene by Pseudomonas putida (arvilla) mt-2: evidence for new functions of the TOL (pWWO) plasmid. |
PubMed:Acidic metabolites of pseudocumene in rabbit urine. |
PubMed:[Primary oxidation of pseudocumene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. |
PubMed:The comparative metabolism of mesitylene, pseudocumene, and hemimellitene in rats. |
PubMed:OZONIZATION OF o-XYLENE AND 1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE. |
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