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Category:malting of barley
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white powder (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 234.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| logP (o/w): | 0.240 |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 5000 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 6300 mg/kg
"Agricultural Chemicals," Thomson, W.T., 4 vols., Fresno, CA, Thomson Publications, 1976/77 revisionVol. 3, Pg. 43, 1976/1977.
oral-mouse LD50 8500 mg/kg
Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. Vol. 30, Pg. 623, 1979.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 2000 mg/kg
Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C268, 1991.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | malting of barley |
| Recommendation for (+)-gibberellic acid usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for (+)-gibberellic acid flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C01699 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB03559 |
| FooDB: | FDB013644 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2932.20.5050 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food: | Read Report |
Formulations/Preparations:
•berelex tablets containing 1 g gibberellins more than 92% gibberellic acid.
•pro-gibb plus composed of 10% gibberellin a3 which is used as plant growth regulator to increase yield of sugarcane, to thin & enlarge thompson seedless grapes, & delay harvest of naval oranges.
•tablet (effervescent water-soluble) (1 g ai); water soluble powder (100 gkg); unformulated crystalline ai.
•liquid concentrate: pro-gibb 4%, gibberellins a4a7
•tablet, 1 g ai
•water soluble powder, 100 gkg, unformulated crystalline ai
•crystals; water-soluble granules; emulsifiable concentrate
•tablets, soluble granules, liquid concentrate
•discontinued trade names: floraltone, gib-sol, gib-tabs, gibbex, gibrescol, grocel, maxon, sudraksh.
•trade names: agga, gacid, agro-gibb, biogibb, cekugib, genial, gip, hek-gibb, polar pol-gibb, proacido l, proga3, urigibberellin, wopro-gib.
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (3S,3aS,4S,4aS,6S,8aR,8bR,11S)-6,11- | dihydroxy-3-methyl-12-methylene-2-oxo-4a,6-ethano-3,8b-prop-1-enoperhydroindeno(1,2-b)furan-4-carboxylic acid |
Articles:
| PubMed:Synergetic effects of DA-6/GA3 with EDTA on plant growth, extraction and detoxification of Cd by Lolium perenne. |
| PubMed:Potential for increased photosynthetic performance and crop productivity in response to climate change: role of CBFs and gibberellic acid. |
| PubMed:Retention of iceberg lettuce quality by low temperature storage and postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene or gibberellic acid. |
| PubMed:Spatio-temporal appearance of α-amylase and limit dextrinase in barley aleurone layer in response to gibberellic acid, abscisic acid and salicylic acid. |
| PubMed:Analysis of soybean root proteins affected by gibberellic Acid treatment under flooding stress. |
| PubMed:Improving ryegrass-clover pasture dry matter yield and urea efficiency with gibberellic acid. |
| PubMed:In vivo studies on artificial induction of thermotolerance to detached panicles of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars under heat stress. |
| PubMed:Malting of barley with combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Rhizopus oligosporus and Geotrichum candidum to enhance malt quality. |
| PubMed:Identification of the tapetum/microspore-specific promoter of the pathogenesis-related 10 gene and its regulation in the anther of Lilium longiflorum. |
| PubMed:The effects of different yeast extracts on secondary metabolite production in Fusarium. |
| PubMed:Gene expression profile analysis of Ligon lintless-1 (Li1) mutant reveals important genes and pathways in cotton leaf and fiber development. |
| PubMed:Direct determination of gibberellic acid in tomato and fruit by using photochemically induced fluorescence. |
| PubMed:Transcriptomics of induced defense responses to greenbug aphid feeding in near isogenic wheat lines. |
| PubMed:Isolation and expression profiling of GhNAC transcription factor genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during leaf senescence and in response to stresses. |
| PubMed:Dissipation kinetics of forchlorfenuron, 6-benzyl aminopurine, gibberellic acid and ethephon residues in table grapes (Vitis vinifera). |
| PubMed:Chemical bonding approach for fabrication of hybrid magnetic metal-organic framework-5: high efficient adsorbents for magnetic enrichment of trace analytes. |
| PubMed:Molecular characterization of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases and the effect of gibberellin, abscisic acid, and sodium chloride on the expression of genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and carotenoid accumulation in the callus of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. |
| PubMed:Low-temperature conditioning induces chilling tolerance in 'Hayward' kiwifruit by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity and regulating en-dogenous hormones levels. |
| PubMed:Effect of gibberellic acid and calliterpenone on plant growth attributes, trichomes, essential oil biosynthesis and pathway gene expression in differential manner in Mentha arvensis L. |
| PubMed:Correlation between hormonal homeostasis and morphogenic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings growing in a Cd/Cu/Zn multi-pollution context. |
| PubMed:Degradation pattern of gibberellic acid during the whole process of tea production. |
| PubMed:Identification of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes (XTHs) and their expression in persimmon fruit as influenced by 1-methylcyclopropene and gibberellic acid during storage at ambient temperature. |
| PubMed:Opening of Iris flowers is regulated by endogenous auxins. |
| PubMed:Protocol for augmented shoot organogenesis in selected variety of soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)]. |
| PubMed:Rapid capillary electrochromatographic profiling of phytohormones on a hydrophilic interaction/strong anion-exchange mixed-mode monolith. |
| PubMed:Delay of iris flower senescence by cytokinins and jasmonates. |
| PubMed:Effect of several germination treatments on phosphatases activities and degradation of phytate in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis L.). |
| PubMed:[Determination of forchlorfenuron and gibberellin acid in the grapes using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Promoter analyses and transcriptional profiling of eggplant polyphenol oxidase 1 gene (SmePPO1) reveal differential response to exogenous methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. |
| PubMed:A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of acid/alkaline phytohormones in grapes. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of five plant growth regulators in fruits by modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Cell wall modifications in maize pulvini in response to gravitational stress. |
| PubMed:Effect of distillation waste water and plant hormones on spearmint growth and composition. |
| PubMed:Redox-sensitive proteome and antioxidant strategies in wheat seed dormancy control. |
| PubMed:Design of a multifunctional nanohybrid system of the phytohormone gibberellic acid using an inorganic layered double-hydroxide material. |
| PubMed:Exogenous gibberellic acid reprograms soybean to higher growth and salt stress tolerance. |
| PubMed:N-terminal domains of DELLA proteins are intrinsically unstructured in the absence of interaction with GID1/gibberellic acid receptors. |
| PubMed:Post-translational processing of beta-d-xylanases and changes in extractability of arabinoxylans during wheat germination. |
| PubMed:The Effects of Combination of Gibberellic Acid - 3 (GA3) and Ethephon (2-Chloroethyl Phosphonic Acid) (Plant Growth Regulators) on Some Physiological Parameters in Mice. |
| PubMed:A red algal cyclophilin has an effect on development and growth in Nicotiana tabacum. |
| PubMed:[Change of endogenous hormone around sprout tumble of Pinellia ternata under high temperature stress]. |
| PubMed:Stable expression of AtGA2ox1 in a low-input turfgrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) reduces bioactive gibberellin levels and improves turf quality under field conditions. |
| PubMed:Mechanisms of cross talk between gibberellin and other hormones. |
| PubMed:Steviol glycoside biosynthesis. |
| PubMed:Spatial organisation of four enzymes from Stevia rebaudiana that are involved in steviol glycoside synthesis. |
| PubMed:Separation of plant hormones from biofertilizer by capillary electrophoresis using a capillary coated dynamically with polycationic polymers. |
| PubMed:Rice endophyte Pantoea agglomerans YS19 promotes host plant growth and affects allocations of host photosynthates. |
| PubMed:Grapes on steroids. Brassinosteroids are involved in grape berry ripening. |
| PubMed:High efficiency plant production of North American ginseng via somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants. |
| PubMed:Determination of gibberellic acid in fermentation broth and commercial products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. |
| PubMed:Immunosensor for rapid detection of gibberellin acid in the rice grain. |
| PubMed:Efficient clonal propagation method for Decalepis hamiltonii, an endangered shrub, under the influence of phloroglucinol. |
| PubMed:GIP, a Petunia hybrida GA-induced cysteine-rich protein: a possible role in shoot elongation and transition to flowering. |
| PubMed:Epitope mapping of gibberellin to the anti-gibberellin A(4) monoclonal antibody by saturation transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Hormone and seed-specific regulation of pea fruit growth. |
| PubMed:Stability of barley aleurone transcripts: Dependence on protein synthesis, influence of the starchy endosperm and destabilization by GA3. |
| PubMed:Effect of several germination conditions on total P, phytate P, phytase, and acid phosphatase activities and inositol phosphate esters in rye and barley. |
| PubMed:Fusarium species from nepalese rice and production of mycotoxins and gibberellic acid by selected species. |
| PubMed:Chlorophyll breakdown by chlorophyllase: isolation and functional expression of the Chlase1 gene from ethylene-treated Citrus fruit and its regulation during development. |
| PubMed:Diterpene synthesis in Stevia rebaudiana: recruitment and up-regulation of key enzymes from the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway. |
| PubMed:Influence of Auxin and Gibberellin on in Vivo Protein Synthesis during Early Pea Fruit Growth. |
| PubMed:Production of gibberellic acid by Aspergillus niger using some food industry wastes. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA3) and mycotoxins by F. moniliforme sheldon and other species of Liseola section. |
| PubMed:Gibberellic acid by solid state fermentation: Consistent and improved yields. |
| PubMed:Gibberellic acid controls specific acid-phosphatase isozymes in aleurone cells and protoplasts of Avena fatua L. |
| PubMed:Control of starch and exocellular polysaccharides biosynthesis by gibberellic acid with cells of sweet potato cultured in vitro. |
| PubMed:Mechanical Resistance of the Seed Coat and Endosperm during Germination of Capsicum annuum at Low Temperature. |
| PubMed:Mouse bioassay for Fusarium metabolites: rejection or acceptance when dissolved in drinking water. |
| PubMed:Effects of benzyladenine on cotyledon metabolism and growth of peas. |
| PubMed:Effects of gibberellic acid and (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride on potato growth and development. |
| PubMed:Reversal of some effects of gamma-irradiation by the ethyl ester of gibberellic acid. |
| PubMed:Reversal of gamma-ray-induced dormancy of potato tubers by gibberellic acid. |
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Gibberellic acid is a very potent hormone whose natural occurrence in plants controls their development. Since GA regulates growth, applications of very low concentrations can have a profound effect while too much will have the opposite effect.
Gibberellic acid is a hormone found in plants. Gibberelic acid is a simple gibberellin promoting growth and elongation of cells. Affects decomposition of plants. Helps plants grow if used in small amounts, but eventually plants grow a tolerance for it. Gibberellic acid stimulates the cells of germinating seeds to produce mRNA molecules that code for hydrolytic enzymes. [HMDB]
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3D/inchi