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Category:flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.83800 to 0.84400 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 6.973 to 7.023
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.44200 to 1.44800 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Boiling Point: | 117.00 to 119.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 16.395000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 50.00 °F. TCC ( 10.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 1.148 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | propylene glycol | | | water, 5.093e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: ammoniacal |
Odor Strength:high ,
recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less |
| Substantivity:2 hour(s) at 1.00 % in propylene glycol |
| ammoniacal fishy seafood taco corn chip |
Odor Description:at 1.00 % in propylene glycol. amine fishy seafood taco corn chip
Luebke, William tgsc, (2006) |
| Odor sample from: Sigma-Aldrich |
| Flavor Type: ammoniacal |
| ammoniacal creamy taco lettuce |
Taste Description: at 5.00 ppm in water. amine creamy taco lettuce
Luebke, William tgsc, (2006) |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xn - Harmful. |
R 11 - Highly flammable.
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin.
R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 39 - Wear eye/face protection.
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| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 300 mg/kg
Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. Vol. 34, Pg. 2408, 1901.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for 2-methyl piperidine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.012 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.002 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 340 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | II |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 22 |
| Click here to view publication 22 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| cheese: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| confectionery froastings: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| fish products: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| frozen dairy: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| fruit ices: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | - |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| milk products: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| poultry: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| processed fruits: | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| snack foods: | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
| |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| | average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | - | - |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (±)-2- | methyl piperidine | | alpha- | methyl piperidine | | dextro,laevo-2- | methyl piperidine | | 2- | methyl-piperidine | | (R,S)-2- | methylpiperidine | | 2- | methylpiperidine | | DL-2- | methylpiperidine | | (±)-alpha- | pipecoline | | 2- | pipecoline | | a- | pipecoline | | alpha- | pipecoline | | | pipecoline, a | | | piperidine, 2-methyl- |
Articles:
| Info:aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides derivatives |
| PubMed:Palladium-catalyzed one-pot three- or four-component coupling of aryl iodides, alkynes, and amines through C-N bond cleavage: efficient synthesis of indole derivatives. |
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| PubMed:Noncyclam tetraamines inhibit CXC chemokine receptor type 4 and target glioma-initiating cells. |
| PubMed:Intramolecular aminoalkene hydroamination mediated by a tethered bis(ureate)zirconium complex: computational perusal of various pathways for aminoalkene activation. |
| PubMed:Mechanistic elucidation of intramolecular aminoalkene hydroamination catalyzed by a tethered bis(ureate) complex: evidence for proton-assisted C-N bond formation at zirconium. |
| PubMed:[Regioselectivity in the dehydrogenation of substituted ethylenediamines as nicotine models]. |
| PubMed:Analysis of vibrational spectra of 2 and 3-methylpiperidine based on density functional theory calculations. |
| PubMed:[Seperation and structure elucidation of alkaloids from Chinese drug buzhaye, Folium Microcos]. |
| PubMed:Efficient solid-phase synthesis of sulfotyrosine peptides using a sulfate protecting-group strategy. |
| PubMed:Oviposition deterrence and larvicidal activity of three formulations of piperidine repellent (AI3-37220) against field populations of Stegomyia albopicta. |
| PubMed:Three dimensional structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) for insect repellency of diastereoisomeric compounds: a hierarchical molecular overlay approach. |
| PubMed:Mechanism of hydrodenitrogenation on phosphides and sulfides. |
| PubMed:Normal-phase chiral liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of non-UV-active compounds: applications for pharmaceutically relevant racemates. |
| PubMed:Direct chemical synthesis of chiral methanol of 98% ee and its conversion to [(2)H1,(3)H]methyl tosylate and [(2)H1,(3)H-methyl]methionine. |
| PubMed:Preparation, cytotoxicity and interactions with nucleophiles of three isomeric transplatinum complexes containing methylpiperidine ligands. |
| PubMed:Optically active arthropod repellents for use against disease vectors. |
| PubMed:A new module for quantitative evaluation of repellent efficacy using human subjects. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and repellent efficacy of a new chiral piperidine analog: comparison with Deet and Bayrepel activity in human-volunteer laboratory assays against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. |
| PubMed:Release of nitric oxide from novel diazeniumdiolates monitored by laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Stereochemical effects in an insect repellent. |
| PubMed:Field evaluation of repellents containing deet and AI3-37220 against Anopheles koliensis in Papua New Guinea. |
| PubMed:Field evaluation of deet and a piperidine repellent against Aedes communis (Diptera: Culicidae) and Simulium venustum (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. |
| PubMed:Laboratory evaluation of AI3-37220, AI3-35765, CIC-4, and deet repellents against three species of mosquitoes. |
| PubMed:Field evaluation of the repellents deet, CIC-4, and AI3-37220 against Anopheles in Lae, Papua New Guinea. |
| PubMed:Short report: prevention of Schistosoma mansoni infections in mice by the insect repellents AI3-37220 and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide. |
| PubMed:Laboratory and field evaluation of the repellents deet, CIC-4, and AI3-37220 against Anopheles farauti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia. |
| PubMed:Increase of mucous glycoprotein secretion by tumor necrosis factor alpha via a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism in cultured chinchilla middle ear epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:Laboratory and field evaluation of deet, CIC-4, and AI3-37220 against Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. |
| PubMed:Field evaluation of arthropod repellents, deet and a piperidine compound, AI3-37220, against Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in western Kenya. |
| PubMed:Laboratory tests of arthropod repellents against Leptotrombidium deliense--noninfected and infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi--and noninfected L. fletcheri (Acari: Trombiculidae). |
| PubMed:Laboratory and field evaluation of five repellents against the black flies Prosimulium mixtum and P. fuscum (Diptera: Simuliidae). |
| PubMed:Opioid and nicotinic medullary hyperalgesic influences in the decerebrated rat. |
| PubMed:Interactions of piperidine derivatives with the nicotinic cholinergic receptor complex from Torpedo electric organ. |
| PubMed:Effects of the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 and calmodulin antagonist W-7 on superoxide production in growing and resting human histiocytic leukemia cells (U937). |
| PubMed:Fourth ventricle effects of nicotine, 2-methylpiperidine and cytisine in dogs. |
| PubMed:Stereospecificity of 2-methylpiperidine binding to a nicotinic up-regulatory site in the rat brain P2 preparation. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of some pyridine, piperidine, and pyrrolidine analogues for enhancing and inhibiting the binding of (+/-)-[3H]nicotine to the rat brain P2 preparation. |
| PubMed:Studies on pyrazine derivatives. Part X. Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of some 6-cyclamino-, 6-imidazolyl--and triazolylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acids derivatives. |
| PubMed:[Synthesis of N-(beta-ethoxyethyl)-2-methylpiperidine]. |
| PubMed:The use of 2-pipecoline in the Mannich reaction. |
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3D/inchi