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Category:nutrient supplements
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 302.00 to 305.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | -3.700 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water | | | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 3400 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CHROMODACYRORREA: EYE
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 58, Pg. 87, 1945.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 450 mg/kg
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 24, Pg. 91, 1986.
oral-mouse LD50 3900 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983.
intravenous-mouse LD50 53 mg/kg
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 320 mg/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
intravenous-cat LDLo 25 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
intravenous-dog LDLo 5 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
unreported-frog LDLo 1500 mg/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
intraperitoneal-rabbit LDLo 500 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CORNEAL DAMAGE: EYE
Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 42, Pg. 473, 1928.
intravenous-rabbit LDLo 1100 ug/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-mouse LDLo 735 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 6, Pg. 477, 1914/1915.
subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 1000 mg/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | nutrient supplements |
| Recommendation for choline chloride usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Structure Class: | I |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 24. Update in publication number(s): 26 |
| Click here to view publication 24 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | 600.00000 | 1200.00000 |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| hard candy: | - | - |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| snack foods: | 4000.00000 | 6000.00000 |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | 2500.00000 | 4000.00000 |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | biocolina | | | cholinchloride | | | choline chloride 2 silica conditioned | | | choline chloride FCC | | | choline chloride USP FCC | | | cholinium chloride | | (2- | hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium | | 2- | hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride | | 2- | hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride | | (2- | hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride | | (2- | hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride | | (beta- | hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride | | (2- | hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride | | | luridin chloride | | 2-( | trimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, chloride |
Articles:
| PubMed:A novel digestion method based on a choline chloride-oxalic acid deep eutectic solvent for determining Cu, Fe, and Zn in fish samples. |
| PubMed:Construction of Au nanoparticles on choline chloride modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive detection of nitrite. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of salt intake by choline chloride. |
| PubMed:Simple electrochemical sensor for caffeine based on carbon and Nafion-modified carbon electrodes. |
| PubMed:An episode of dioxin contamination in feedingstuff: the choline chloride case. |
| PubMed:[Lipid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of lactating cows during the duodenal infusion of choline chloride and methionine]. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic production of pyrimidine nucleotides using Corynebacterium ammoniagenes cells and recombinant Escherichia coli cells: enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid and choline chloride (Part I). |
| PubMed:Acute toxicity assessment of choline by inhalation, intraperitoneal and oral routes in Balb/c mice. |
| PubMed:Dioxin contamination of food in Italy: an overview of the situation 1999-2000. |
| PubMed:Dipsogenic and feeding influences of intraventricularly infused anionic choline solutions. |
| PubMed:Growth of the skeletal units of the rat mandible in acute renal failure experimental model. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of PCDD/Fs characterization in animal feed and feed additives. |
| PubMed:Choline distribution and metabolism in pregnant rats and fetuses are influenced by the choline content of the maternal diet. |
| PubMed:The effects of manganese, biotin, and choline on hexosamine and hydroxyproline content as related to leg weakness. |
| PubMed:Dietary S-methylmethionine, a component of foods, has choline-sparing activity in chickens. |
| PubMed:Effect of supplementary choline on the performance of broiler breeders fed on different energy sources. |
| PubMed:Lung surfactant phospholipids as related to hydration and choline status of fasted rats. |
| PubMed:Lack of effect of choline and narcotic antagonists upon apomorphine discrimination. |
| PubMed:Prolonged survival of female AKR mice fed diets supplemented with methionine and choline. |
| PubMed:Effects of cationic species on visual color formation in model Maillard reactions of pentose sugars and amino acids. |
| PubMed:A choline-rich diet improves survival in a rat model of endotoxin shock. |
| PubMed:The folic acid requirements of starting broiler chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients. 1. Interrelationships with dietary choline. |
| PubMed:[Studies on the vitamin requirement and vitamin supply in fattening turkeys. 2. Checking the vitamin supplements to state-approved mixed animal feed for fattening turkeys]. |
| PubMed:Construction of a plasmid carrying both CTP synthetase and a fused gene formed from cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline kinase genes and its application to industrial CDP-choline production: enzymatic production of CDP-choline from orotic acid (Part II). |
| PubMed:Rumen-protected choline and vitamin E supplementation in periparturient dairy goats: effects on milk production and folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin E status. |
| PubMed:Solid-state fermentation for production of griseofulvin on rice bran using Penicillium griseofulvum. |
| PubMed:Rumen-protected choline administration to transition cows: effects on milk production and vitamin E status. |
| PubMed:Dietary choline requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus. |
| PubMed:Effects of Ionic and Osmotic Strength on the Glucosyltransferase of Rhizobium meliloti Responsible for Cyclic beta-(1,2)-Glucan Biosynthesis. |
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a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. it is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Choline chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt. Choline chloride is mass produced and is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where it accelerates growth. Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate. In foodstuffs the compound is often present as phosphatidylcholine. (Wikipedia)
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3D/inchi