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Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 96.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.96200 @ 25.00 °C.
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| Refractive Index: | 1.51400 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | 18.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 254.00 to 256.00 °C. @ 764.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.010000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 5.6 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 235.00 °F. TCC ( 112.78 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 3.790 |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 123.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Strength:low |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. mild phenolic |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xn - Harmful. |
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intravenous-dog LD50 30 mg/kg
Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 38, Pg. 1117, 1996.
intravenous-man LDLo 386 mg/kg/14D-
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: PLEURAL THICKENING
Critical Care Medicine. Vol. 23, Pg. 1928, 1995.
unreported-man TDLo 2857 ug/kg/1D-
BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS"
BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY
BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY
Anaesthesia. Vol. 43, Pg. 170, 1988.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 170 mg/kg
Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Vol. 2, Pg. 201, 1960.
intravenous-mouse LD50 50 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
BEHAVIORAL: ANALGESIA
BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 23, Pg. 1350, 1980.
oral-mouse LD50 1100 mg/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 26, Pg. 953, 1995.
intravenous-rabbit LDLo 20 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 23, Pg. 1350, 1980.
intravenous-rat LD50 42 mg/kg
Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Vol. 21, Pg. 11, 1993.
oral-rat LD50 500 mg/kg
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 26, Pg. 953, 1995.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | ampofol | | | aquafol | | | aquavan | | 2,6- | di-iso-propylphenol | | 2,6- | di-isopropylphenol | | 2,6- | di(propan-2-yl)phenol | | 2,6- | diiso propyl phenol | | | diisopropyl-2 6 phenol | | 2,6- | diisopropyl-phenol | | | diisopropylphenol | | 2,6- | diisopropylphenol | | | dipravan | | | diprivan 10 | | 2,6- | dipropan-2-ylphenol | | | disoprivan | | | disoprofol | | | fresofol | | | ivofol | | 2,6-bis(1- | methylethyl)benzolol | | 2,6-bis( | methylethyl)phenol | | 2,6-bis(1- | methylethyl)phenol | | | phenol, 2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)- | | | phenol, 2,6-diisopropyl- | | 2,6-bis( | propan-2-yl)phenol | | | propofol | | | propofolum | | 2,6-bis(iso | propyl) phenol | | 2,6-bis(iso | propyl)-phenol | | 2,6-bis(iso | propyl)phenol | | | rapinovet | | | recofol |
Articles:
| PubMed:Propofol infusion associated metabolic acidosis in patients undergoing neurosurgical anesthesia: a retrospective study. |
| PubMed:Protective effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on propofol-induced toxicity in embryonic neural stem cells. |
| PubMed:Propofol administration is safe in adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients sensitized to egg, soy, or peanut. |
| PubMed:Drugs and the death penalty. |
| PubMed:Effects of propofol on expression of hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase and carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in stressed rats undergoing electroconvulsive shock. |
| PubMed:Entropy correlates with Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of 11 related impurities in propofol by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry coupled with pulsed splitless injection technique. |
| PubMed:Acitretin exhibits inhibitory effects towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A9-mediated 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and propofol glucuronidation reaction. |
| PubMed:Anaesthetic considerations for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography procedures. |
| PubMed:US Propofol Drug Shortages: A Review of the Problem and Stakeholder Analysis. |
| PubMed:Claw amphiphiles with a dendrimer core: nanoparticle stability and drug encapsulation are directly proportional to the number of digits. |
| PubMed:Assessment of oxidative stress and antioxidant property using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of sigmoidal maturation and allometric models: prediction of propofol clearance in neonates and infants. |
| PubMed:Self-administration of propofol is mediated by dopamine D1 receptors in nucleus accumbens in rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of propofol on the activation of hippocampal CaMKIIα in depressed rats receiving electroconvulsive therapy. |
| PubMed:Propofol allergy: assessing for patient risks. |
| PubMed:[Fospropofol: A new prodrug of propofol]. |
| PubMed:Dexmedetomidine: a guide to its use for sedation in the US. |
| PubMed:Identification of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms involved in hepatic and intestinal glucuronidation of phytochemical carvacrol. |
| PubMed:When one drug affects 2 patients: a review of medication for the management of nonlabor-related pain, sedation, infection, and hypertension in the hospitalized pregnant patient. |
| PubMed:Safe injection practices for administration of propofol. |
| PubMed:Dependence potential of propofol: behavioral pharmacology in rodents. |
| PubMed:Potential hypersensitivity due to the food or food additive content of medicinal products in Spain. |
| PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and propofol combination administered as ketofol via continuous infusion in cats. |
| PubMed:Propofol sedation for ERCP procedures: a dilemna? Observations from an anesthesia perspective. |
| PubMed:Differential involvement of GABAA and GABAB receptors in propofol self-administration in rats. |
| PubMed:Drug shortage. |
| PubMed:Procedural sedation practices in Australian Emergency Departments. |
| PubMed:Anaesthesia of three young grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) for fracture repair. |
| PubMed:Non-anaesthesiologists should not be allowed to administer propofol for procedural sedation: a Consensus Statement of 21 European National Societies of Anaesthesia. |
| PubMed:Anesthesia in the patient with multiple drug allergies: are all allergies the same? |
| PubMed:Allergic reactions to propofol in egg-allergic children. |
| PubMed:Computer-assisted personalized sedation. |
| PubMed:My patient is allergic to eggs, can i use propofol? A case report and review. |
| PubMed:Why are there so many drug shortages? |
| PubMed:Administration of propofol. |
| PubMed:The reality of drug shortages--the case of the injectable agent propofol. |
| PubMed:Identification of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases involved in the glucuronidation of combretastatin A-4. |
| PubMed:[Unexpected vomiting during anesthetic induction in a patient with a history of anterosternal esophageal reconstruction]. |
| PubMed:Off-label medication use in an academic hospital pediatric critical care unit. |
| PubMed:Schedule of controlled substances; placement of fospropofol into schedule IV. Final rule. |
| PubMed:Fospropofol: a new sedative-hypnotic agent for monitored anesthesia care. |
| PubMed:Fospropofol disodium, a water-soluble prodrug of the intravenous anesthetic propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol). |
| PubMed:Effect of administration of propofol and xylazine hydrochloride on recovery of horses after four hours of anesthesia with desflurane. |
| PubMed:Anesthesia or sedation for gastroenterologic endoscopies. |
| PubMed:The effect of postoperative fasting on vomiting in children and their assessment of pain. |
| PubMed:Self-limited febrile syndromes temporally associated with the use of propofol for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. |
| PubMed:Fospropofol approved for monitored anesthesia care. |
| PubMed:Delirium at the end of life. |
| PubMed:Use of propofol in patients with food allergies. |
| PubMed:Questions unanswered: propofol use in the pediatric intensive care unit. |
| PubMed:[Elective colon resection in Germany. A survey of the perioperative anesthesiological management]. |
| PubMed:Use of anesthetic agents in neonates and young children. |
| PubMed:Delirium at the end of life. |
| PubMed:Respiratory failure due to morbid obesity in a patient with Prader-Willi syndrome: an experience of long-term mechanical ventilation. |
| PubMed:Reports of death with use of propofol (Diprivan) for nonprocedural (long-term) sedation and literature review. |
| PubMed:Nurse-administered propofol sedation: a review of current evidence. |
| PubMed:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a six-year-old girl suffering from major depressive disorder with catatonic features. |
| PubMed:The propofol controversy. |
| PubMed:The propofol debate continues. |
| PubMed:Sedation and analgesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy. |
| PubMed:The major role of clinicians in the discovery of off-label drug therapies. |
| PubMed:Use of intravenous steroids at induction of anaesthesia for adult tonsillectomy to reduce post-operative nausea and vomiting and pain: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. |
| PubMed:Propofol 6% as sedative in children under 2 years of age following major craniofacial surgery. |
| PubMed:Droperidol and dolasetron alone or in combination for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after vitrectomy. |
| PubMed:Safety of sodium phosphate tablets in patients receiving propofol-based sedation for colonoscopy. |
| PubMed:Efficacy and safety of endoscopic dilation of esophageal strictures in epidermolysis bullosa. |
| PubMed:Glucuronidation as a mechanism of intrinsic drug resistance in human colon cancer: reversal of resistance by food additives. |
| PubMed:The FDA warning against prolonged sedation with propofol in children remains warranted. |
| PubMed:Pediatric drug labeling: improving the safety and efficacy of pediatric therapies. |
| PubMed:[Caloric overload in critically ill patients treated with parenteral nutrition]. |
| PubMed:Differential role of leptin receptors at the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in tonic regulation of food intake and cardiovascular functions. |
| PubMed:Propofol syndrome in children. |
| PubMed:Possible anaphylaxis after propofol in a child with food allergy. |
| PubMed:Gastroenterologist-administered propofol versus meperidine and midazolam for advanced upper endoscopy: a prospective, randomized trial. |
| PubMed:Propofol does not modify the hemodynamic status of children with intracardiac shunts undergoing cardiac catheterization. |
| PubMed:Microchip vagal pacing reduces food intake and body mass. |
| PubMed:The effect of propofol administered intravenously on appetite stimulation in dogs. |
| PubMed:Enhanced intestinal motility influences absorption in anaesthetized rat. |
| PubMed:Propofol improves recovery from paraquat acute toxicity in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:'Diprivan': a change of formulation. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the intravenous reinforcing effects of propofol and methohexital in baboons. |
| PubMed:Propofol containing sulfite-potential for injury. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant effects of propofol in human hepatic microsomes: concentration effects and clinical relevance. |
| PubMed:"Preservatives" in propofol. |
| PubMed:Effect of enteral versus parenteral feeding on hepatic blood flow and steady state propofol pharmacokinetics in ICU patients. |
| PubMed:Muscimol-like discriminative stimulus effects of GABA agonists in rats. |
| PubMed:[Ban of the use of metomidate (Hypnodil) in swine. Background, consequences and alternatives]. |
| PubMed:Pharmacologic influence on nutrition support therapy: use of propofol in a patient receiving combined enteral and parenteral nutrition support. |
| PubMed:The publication of commercially supported supplements statement. |
| PubMed:How do anesthesiologists select patients when introducing a new drug into practice? |
| PubMed:The initial clinical experience of 1819 physicians in maintaining anesthesia with propofol: characteristics associated with prolonged time to awakening. |
| PubMed:Endogenous Candida endophthalmitis after intravenous anesthesia with propofol. |
| PubMed:A method for quantitative analysis of flavor-tainting alkylphenols and aromatic thiols in fish. |
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an intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (from smith and reynard, textbook of pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). propofol has been used as anticonvulsants and antiemetics.
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3D/inchi