EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

laevo-proline
L-proline

Supplier Sponsors

Name:(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
CAS Number: 147-85-3Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):1150316-19-0
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:205-702-2
FDA UNII: 9DLQ4CIU6V
Nikkaji Web:J9.117K
Beilstein Number:0080810
MDL:MFCD00064318
CoE Number:10490
XlogP3:-2.50 (est)
Molecular Weight:115.13213000
Formula:C5 H9 N O2
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:special dietary and nutritional additives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
JECFA Food Flavoring:1425 L-proline
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:17.019 L-proline
FEMA Number:3319 L-proline
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):147-85-3 ; L-PROLINE
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart D--Special Dietary and Nutritional Additives
Sec. 172.320 Amino acids.
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:white crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Melting Point: 220.00 to 222.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 252.19 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:0.006000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point:> 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): -2.540
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 1.313e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 water, 1.62E+05 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in:
 ether
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: odorless
Odor Strength:none
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. odorless
Flavor Type: sweet
sweet
Taste Description: slightly sweet
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: hair conditioning
skin conditioning
 
Suppliers:
Ajinomoto USA
AjiPure™ Proline
Flavor: characteristic
Manufactured under cGMP conditions using no materials of animal origin.
Ajinomoto USA
L-Proline
Flavor: characteristic
L-proline is a non-essential amino acid which means the body can synthesize sufficient quantities to support its needs.
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid 98%
Anhui Haibei
L-Proline
Atlantic Chemicals
L-Proline
AuNutra® Industries
L-Proline
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
laevo-Proline
Charkit Chemical
PROLINE, L-
Coompo
For experimental / research use only.
Proline from Plants ≥95%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Proline and its derivatives are often used as asymmetric catalysts in organic reactions. The CBS reduction and proline catalysed aldol condensation are prominent examples. L-Proline is an osmoprotectant and therefore is used in many pharmaceutical, biotechnological applications.
EMD Millipore
For experimental / research use only.
L-Proline
sds
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
L-Proline
Foodchem International
L-Proline
Glentham Life Sciences
L-Proline, GlenCell?, suitable for cell culture
Glentham Life Sciences
L-Proline
sds
Graham Chemical
L-Proline
Indis NV
For experimental / research use only.
L-Proline
M&U International
L-Proline, Kosher
Penta International
L-PROLINE FCC GRADE
Penta International
L-PROLINE NATURAL
Penta International
L-PROLINE USP GRADE
Prinova
L-Proline FCC; USP
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Proline, 99%, FCC, FG
sds
Certified Food Grade Products
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
L-Proline >99.0%(HPLC)(T)
sds
United International
L-Proline Nat.
Zhong Ya Chemical
L-Proline
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 22 - Do not breath dust.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
special dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for laevo-proline usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 41.00 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 5
Click here to view publication 5
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -50.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -50.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: -50.00000
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -50.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: -50.00000
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: -50.00000
milk products: -50.00000
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: -50.00000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Amino acids from chemical group 34 Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1 - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 79, (FGE.79)[1] - Consideration of amino acids and related substances evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to amino acids from chemical group 34 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.26Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of the use of amino acids (chemical group 34) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Safety of proline-specific oligopeptidase as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):147-85-3
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :145742
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Chemidplus:0000147853
RTECS:TW3584000 for cas# 147-85-3
 
References:
 (2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:147-85-3
Pubchem (cid):145742
Pubchem (sid):134975260
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
Metabolomics Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00148
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB00162
FooDB:FDB000570
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00378
Export Tariff Code:2933.90.9500
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
usp and fcc grades
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
 antistatic agents
 hair conditioning
 skin conditioning
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 almond seed
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 apple plant
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 apricot fruit
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 artichoke jerusalem artichoke tuber
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 asparagus shoot
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 avocado fruit
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 banana fruit
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 barley root
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 basil leaf
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 bean adzuki bean seed
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 bean banner bean seed
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 bean black bean fruit
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 bean black bean seed
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 bean black bean sprout
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 bean butter bean seed
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 bean fava bean seed
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 bean field bean fruit
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 bean mung bean seed
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 bean winged bean leaf
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 bean winged bean seed
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 bean winged bean tuber
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 bean yam bean tuber
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 beet root
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 blueberry fruit
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 brazil nut
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 breadfruit seed
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 broccoli asparagus broccoli leaf
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 buckwheat seed
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 burdock root
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 butternut seed
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 cabbage leaf
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 cacao bean
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 caraway seed
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 carob bean seed
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 carrot root
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 cashew nut
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 cassava root
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 cayenne fruit
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 celery leaf
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 chayote fruit
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 cherry sour cherry fruit
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 chestnut sweet chestnut nut
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 chickpea seed
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 chive leaf
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 coconut leaf
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 coconut seed
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 coriander fruit
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 coriander seed
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 corn root
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 corn seed
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 corn shoot
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 cucumber fruit
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 currant black currant fruit juice
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 date palm fruit
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 eggplant fruit
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 endive leaf
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 evening-primrose seed
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 fennel seed
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 fenugreek seed
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 fig fruit
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 flax seed
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 garlic bulb
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 garlic leaf
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 ginger root
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 ginkgo biloba seed
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 goosefoot leaf
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 grape fruit
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 guava fruit
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 guava strawberry guava fruit
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 leek wild leek plant
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 lentil seed
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 lentil sprout
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 lettuce lamb's lettuce plant
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 lettuce leaf
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 lotus indian lotus rhizome
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 lotus indian lotus seed
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 lupine white lupine seed
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 macadamia nut
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 mallow jew's mallow leaf
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 mandarin fruit
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 mango fruit
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 marango shoot
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 melon bitter melon fruit
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 mushroom shiitake mushroom fruit
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 mustard white mustard seed
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 oat root
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 oat shoot
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 okra fruit
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 onion bulb
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 orange fruit
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 papaya fruit
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 pea black-eyed pea seed
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 pea fruit
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 pea pigeon pea seed
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 pea root
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 pea seed
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 pea shoot
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 peach fruit
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 peanut seed
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 pear fruit
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 pepper bell pepper fruit
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 peppermint leaf
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 pigweed leaf
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 pine pinyon pine seed
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 pineapple fruit
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 pistachio nut
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 plum fruit
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 pomegranate fruit
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 poppy opium poppy seed
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 potato sweet potato root
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 potato tuber
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 purslane herb
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 radish root
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 ringer root
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 rosemary leaf
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 rye seed
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 saffron bulb
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 sesame seed
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 soybean seed
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 soybean shoot
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 spearmint leaf
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 spinach indian spinach leaf
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 spinach plant
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 spinach water spinach leaf
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 squash summer squash fruit
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 star fruit fruit
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 sunflower seed
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 tamarind fruit
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 tamarind seed
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 taro root
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 tarragon leaf
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 tarragon root
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 tea leaf
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 tomato fruit
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 tomato root
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 turnip indian turnip root
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 walnut black walnut nut
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 walnut english walnut nut
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 watercress herb
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 watermelon fruit
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 watermelon seed
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 wheat root
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 wheat seed
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 wheat shoot
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 yam mountain yam root
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Synonyms:
 ajipure proline
3,4-dihydro-L-proline
L-prolin
(-)-(S)-proline
(L)-proline
(S)-proline
(S)-(-)-proline
L-proline
L-(-)-proline
L-proline FCC; USP
L-proline natural
L-proline synthetic
 proline, L-
2-pyrrolidine caboxylic acid
(-)-2-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
(S)-2-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
L-alpha-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
laevo-alpha-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
(S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
(S)-(-)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
L-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
laevo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
(-)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
(S)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
L-a-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, (S)-
 

Articles:

Info:Proline
PubMed:Study to elucidate formation pathways of selected roast-smelling odorants upon extrusion cooking.
PubMed:Olfactory perception of 6 amino acids by human subjects.
PubMed:Formation of strecker aldehydes from polyphenol-derived quinones and alpha-amino acids in a nonenzymic model system.
PubMed:Detailed investigation of the production of the bread flavor component 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine in proline/1,3-dihydroxyacetone model systems.
PubMed:Quantitative model studies on the efficiency of precursors in the formation of cooling-active 1-pyrrolidinyl-2-cyclopenten-1-ones and bitter-tasting cyclopenta-[b]azepin-8(1H)-ones.
PubMed:Grape-seed procyanidins modulate cellular membrane potential and nutrient-induced GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells.
PubMed:Obesity-related metabolomic analysis of human subjects in black soybean peptide intervention study by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Study to elucidate formation pathways of selected roast-smelling odorants upon extrusion cooking.
PubMed:Metabolic profiling of Chinese tobacco leaf of different geographical origins by GC-MS.
PubMed:Antioxidant capacities of fractionated barley hordein hydrolysates in relation to peptide structures.
PubMed:Edwardsiella piscicida sp. nov., a novel species pathogenic to fish.
PubMed:Production, active staining and gas chromatography assay analysis of recombinant aminopeptidase P from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis DSM 20481.
PubMed:Global gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes to salt stress.
PubMed:Lactobacillus brantae sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Canada geese (Branta canadensis).
PubMed:Gelatin enhances 2-keto-L-gulonic acid production based on Ketogulonigenium vulgare genome annotation.
PubMed:Betaines in fruits of Citrus genus plants.
PubMed:Asymmetric response of carbon metabolism at high and low salt stress in Vibrio sp. DSM14379.
PubMed:Olfactory sensitivity to amino acids in the blackspot sea bream (Pagellus bogaraveo): a comparison between olfactory receptor recording techniques in seawater.
PubMed:Proline derivatives in fruits of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poit): presence of N-methyl-L-proline and 4-hydroxy-L-prolinebetaine.
PubMed:Thermodynamics of grape and wine tannin interaction with polyproline: implications for red wine astringency.
PubMed:Watermelon profilin: characterization of a major allergen as a model for plant-derived food profilins.
PubMed:Toxicological evaluation of L-proline in a 90-day feeding study with Fischer 344 rats.
PubMed:Lead and other elemental content of normal and Erwinia carotovora infected Amorphallus konjac corms.
PubMed:Olfactory perception of 6 amino acids by human subjects.
PubMed:Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of an endo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinanase from hyperthermophilic Thermotoga petrophila.
PubMed:Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport.
PubMed:A novel prodrug of 4'-geranyloxy-ferulic acid suppresses colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in mice.
PubMed:Localization of post-proline cleaving peptidases in Tenebrio molitor larval midgut.
PubMed:Allelic variation of the Tas1r3 taste receptor gene selectively affects taste responses to sweeteners: evidence from 129.B6-Tas1r3 congenic mice.
PubMed:Metabolic and digestive response to food ingestion in a binge-feeding lizard, the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum).
PubMed:Dietary oxalate and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
PubMed:Interactions between flavan-3-ols and poly(L-proline) studied by isothermal titration calorimetry: effect of the tannin structure.
PubMed:Linear solvation energy correlation of the solvatochromic response of amino acid functionalized chromophores.
PubMed:Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid formed by proline dehydrogenase from the Bacillus subtilis ssp. natto expressed in Escherichia coli as a precursor for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline.
PubMed:Characterization of recombinant Mal d 4 and its application for component-resolved diagnosis of apple allergy.
PubMed:Epicatechin gallate, a component of green tea, reduces halotolerance in Staphylococcus aureus.
PubMed:Transepithelial flux of early and advanced glycation compounds across Caco-2 cell monolayers and their interaction with intestinal amino acid and peptide transport systems.
PubMed:Formation of strecker aldehydes from polyphenol-derived quinones and alpha-amino acids in a nonenzymic model system.
PubMed:Studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline and L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-proline): VI. Effects of Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk powder on fertility and reproductive performance of rats.
PubMed:Studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline and L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-proline): V. A 13-week toxicity study of tripeptides-containing casein hydrolysate in male and female rats.
PubMed:Studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline and L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-proline): IV. Assessment of the repeated-dose toxicological potential of synthesized L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline in male and female rats and dogs.
PubMed:Studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline and L-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-proline): III. Single- and/or repeated-dose toxicity of tripeptides-containing Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk powder and casein hydrolysate in rats.
PubMed:Studies of the toxicological potential of tripeptides (L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline and L-isoleucyl-L-prolyI-L-proline): II. Introduction.
PubMed:Effect of individual amino acids and glucose on activation and germination of Rhizopus oligosporus sporangiospores in tempe starter.
PubMed:Allergenic reactivity of the melon profilin Cuc m 2 and its identification as major allergen.
PubMed:[Study on N-nitroso compound in food and its relevant risk factors for esophageal cancer].
PubMed:Effects of luminal deoxynivalenol and L-proline on electrophysiological parameters in the jejunums of laying hens.
PubMed:Pho d 2, a major allergen from date palm pollen, is a profilin: cloning, sequencing, and immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity with other profilins.
PubMed:Detailed investigation of the production of the bread flavor component 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine in proline/1,3-dihydroxyacetone model systems.
PubMed:Application of stepwise discriminant analysis to classify commercial orange juices using chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography-laser induced fluorescence data of amino acids.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of a novel prolyl aminopeptidase from Maitake (Grifola frondosa).
PubMed:Influence of blending on the content of different compounds in the biological aging of sherry dry wines.
PubMed:Tomato profilin Lyc e 1: IgE cross-reactivity and allergenic potency.
PubMed:A porcine model of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
PubMed:Antioxidizing potency of phenol compounds in olive oil mill wastewater.
PubMed:Pseudoalteromonas sagamiensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium that produces protease inhibitors.
PubMed:Alkaloidal components in the poisonous plant, Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae).
PubMed:Design of chiral monochloro-s-triazine reagents for the liquid chromatographic separation of amino acid enantiomers.
PubMed:Quantitative model studies on the efficiency of precursors in the formation of cooling-active 1-pyrrolidinyl-2-cyclopenten-1-ones and bitter-tasting cyclopenta-[b]azepin-8(1H)-ones.
PubMed:IgE reactivity to profilin in pollen-sensitized subjects with adverse reactions to banana and pineapple.
PubMed:Cross-reactivities between date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) polypeptides and foods implicated in the oral allergy syndrome.
PubMed:Temperature-dependent binding of monoclonal antibodies to C hordein.
PubMed:Studies on the inhibition of tumor cell growth and microtubule assembly by 3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-(2-furyl)methylidene]methyl-3-cyclopentene-1,2-dione, an intensively coloured Maillard reaction product.
PubMed:Sweetener preference of C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J mice.
PubMed:Effect of food shortage on the physiology and competitive abilities of sand martin (Riparia riparia) nestlings.
PubMed:Influence of aeration on the physiological activity of flor yeasts.
PubMed:Changes in nitrogen compounds in must and wine during fermentation and biological aging by flor yeasts.
PubMed:Cross-reactivity within the profilin panallergen family investigated by comparison of recombinant profilins from pear (Pyr c 4), cherry (Pru av 4) and celery (Api g 4) with birch pollen profilin Bet v 2.
PubMed:Patient-tailored cloning of allergens by phage display: peanut (Arachis hypogaea) profilin, a food allergen derived from a rare mRNA.
PubMed:Characterization of natural "cooling" compounds formed from glucose and l-proline in dark malt by application of taste dilution analysis.
PubMed:New and Convenient Syntheses of the Important Roasty, Popcorn-like Smelling Food Aroma Compounds 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-Acetyltetrahydropyridine from Their Corresponding Cyclic alpha-Amino Acids.
PubMed:Effects of food shortage and oversupply on energy utilization, histology, and function of the gut in nestling song thrushes (Turdus philomelos).
PubMed:Cloning of the minor allergen Api g 4 profilin from celery (Apium graveolens) and its cross-reactivity with birch pollen profilin Bet v 2.
PubMed:Olfactory discrimination of amino acids in brown bullhead catfish.
PubMed:Influence of L-cysteine on the formation of bitter-tasting aminohexose reductones from glucose and L-proline: identification of a novel furo[2,3-b]thiazine.
PubMed:Cloning and high level expression of Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) pollen profilin (Cyn d 12) in Escherichia coli: purification and characterization of the allergen.
PubMed:Visual and chemical release of feeding behavior in adult rainbow trout.
PubMed:Oxyntomodulin stimulates intestinal glucose uptake in rats.
PubMed:Recombinant DNA technology in allergology: cloning and expression of plant profilins.
PubMed:Evaluation of D-amino acid levels in rat by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry: no evidence for subacute toxicity of orally fed D-proline and D-aspartic acid.
PubMed:Antihypertensive peptides are present in aorta after oral administration of sour milk containing these peptides to spontaneously hypertensive rats.
PubMed:Dietary L-arginine in renal disease.
PubMed:Fourier transform IR spectroscopic study of hydration-induced structure changes in the solid state of omega-gliadins.
PubMed:Adaptations of intestinal nutrient transport to chronic caloric restriction in mice.
PubMed:Mitigating the effects of halofuginone on skin strength by feeding L-proline to broiler chickens.
PubMed:An ATP-dependent L-carnitine transporter in Listeria monocytogenes Scott A is involved in osmoprotection.
PubMed:Gustatory control of feeding behavior in goldfish.
PubMed:Proteolytic and lipolytic activities of Micrococcus roseus (65), Halomonas elongata (16) and Vibrio sp. (168) isolated from Danish bacon curing brines.
PubMed:Consummatory feeding behavior to amino acids in intact and anosmic channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus.
PubMed:Chemical and visual control of feeding and escape behaviors in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus.
PubMed:Nutritional profile and antimicrobial spectrum of the spice Aframomum danielli K. Schum.
PubMed:Effects of fruit juices, processed vegetable juice, orange peel and green tea on endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline in subjects from a high-risk area for gastric cancer in Moping County, China.
PubMed:Influence of fruit and vegetable juices on the endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline and N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in humans on controlled diets.
PubMed:Toxicity studies of the non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor N-[8-amino-1(S)-carboxyoctyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline in rats.
PubMed:N-nitrosoproline excretion by rural Nebraskans drinking water of varied nitrate content.
PubMed:Synthesis and biological activity of CCK heptapeptide analogues. Effects of conformational constraints and standard modifications on receptor subtype selectivity, functional activity in vitro, and appetite suppression in vivo.
PubMed:Hypotensive effect of a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, (S)-1-[6-amino-2[[hydroxy(4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl] oxy]-1-oxohexyl]-L-proline (SQ 29,852) in conscious hypertensive dogs.
PubMed:Profilin is a cross-reactive allergen in pollen and vegetable foods.
PubMed:Pharmacology of a phosphorus-containing novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 29 852 in anesthetized dogs.
PubMed:Quantitative relationship between oral nitrate-reducing activity and the endogenous formation of N-nitrosoamino acids in humans.
PubMed:Nutrient extraction by cold-exposed mice: a test of digestive safety margins.
PubMed:Some behavioural effects of captopril in rats.
PubMed:Nutritional toxicology: on the mechanisms of inhibition of formation of potent carcinogens during cooking.
PubMed:Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its analogue L-6-ketopiperidine-2-carbonyl-leucyl-L-prolin-amide on behaviour and electroencephalogram.
PubMed:Relationship between ascorbic acid dose and N-nitrosoproline excretion in humans on controlled diets.
PubMed:Increased excretion of histidyl-L-proline diketopiperazine by infants receiving Pregestimil and Nutramigen formulas.
PubMed:Effect of food on the bioavailability of lisinopril, a nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.
PubMed:Urinary excretion of N-nitrosamino acids and nitrate by inhabitants of high- and low-risk areas for esophageal cancer in Northern China: endogenous formation of nitrosoproline and its inhibition by vitamin C.
PubMed:Lung collagen and elastin after ozone exposure in vitamin B-6-deficient rats.
PubMed:Behavioral study of chemoreception in the sea star Marthasterias glacialis: structure-activity relationships of lactic acid, amino acids, and acetylcholine.
PubMed:What transport adaptations enable mammals to absorb sugars and amino acids faster than reptiles?
PubMed:Amino acid suppression of taurine-sensitive chemosensory neurons.
PubMed:Synthesis of three N-nitroso dipeptides N-terminal in proline and a method for their determination in food.
PubMed:Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid contaminated dietary proline as a cause of urinary excretion of 4-amino-2-(S-cysteinyl)butyric acid in patients on oral treatment with a synthetic diet.
PubMed:Studies on the nutritional roles of L-proline. 1. Influence of dietary proline deletion to amino acid pool of rat organs.
PubMed:Neonatal iminoglycinuria: evidence that the prolinuria originates in selective deficiency of transport activity in the proximal nephron.
 
Notes:
a non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from glutamic acid. it is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. Flavouring ingredient; dietary supplement Proline (abbreviated as Pro or P) is an alpha-amino acid, one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids. Its codons are CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG. It is not an essential amino acid, which means that the human body can synthesize it. It is unique among the 20 protein-forming amino acids in that the alpha-amino group is secondary. The more common L form has S stereochemistry. (Wikipedia)
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