|
Category:sweetening agent only in special dietary foods
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Perfumer and Flavorist: | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| Pubchem Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
| | FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices: |
| FCN 1148 | 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, sodium salt View - notice |
| JECFA Food Additive: | Sodium Saccharin |
| GSFA Codex: | Sodium saccharin (954(iv)) |
| DG SANTE Food Additives: | 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide sodium salt
sodium saccharin |
| DG SANTE Food Contact Materials: | 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide sodium salt
sodium saccharin |
| FEMA Number: | 2997 sodium saccharin |
| FDA: | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF): | 128-44-9 ; SACCHARIN, SODIUM SALT |
| FDA Mainterm (IAUFC): | 128-44-9 ; SODIUM SACCHARIN |
| FDA Regulation: | FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.116 Artificially sweetened canned apricots.
FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.126 Artificially sweetened canned cherries.
FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.131 Artificially sweetened canned figs.
FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.136 Artificially sweetened canned fruit cocktail.
FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.171 Artificially sweetened canned peaches.
FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.176 Artificially sweetened canned pears.
FDA PART 145 -- CANNED FRUITS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Canned Fruits
Sec. 145.181 Artificially sweetened canned pineapple.
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.141 Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.161 Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.
FDA PART 180 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED IN FOOD OR IN CONTACT WITH FOOD ON AN INTERIM BASIS PENDING ADDITIONAL STUDY
Subpart B--Specific Requirements for Certain Food Additives
Sec. 180.37 Saccharin, ammonium saccharin, calcium saccharin, and sodium saccharin.
|
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white colorless crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 226.00 to 230.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 438.00 to 439.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 426.00 °F. TCC ( 218.89 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 0.464 (est) |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 2.095e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Strength:none |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. odorless |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
| Alfa Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Saccharin Sodium 98%
|
| Alfa Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Saccharin sodium dihydrate 98%
|
| Atlantic Chemicals |
| Saccharin Sodium 450x
|
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| SACCHARIN SODIUM 95%
|
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
| Charkit Chemical |
| SODIUM SACCHARIN
|
| ECSA Chemicals |
| SODIUM SACCHARIN , 20-40 MESH
|
| ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY |
| ECSA Chemicals |
| SODIUM SACCHARIN 450X, 40-80 MESH
|
| Foodchem International |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
| Glentham Life Sciences |
| Saccharin sodium salt
|
| Graham Chemical |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
| Indis NV |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Sodium Saccharin - Different mesh sizes
|
| Kraft Chemical |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
| Northwestern Extract |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
| OQEMA |
| Saccharin (Soluble/ Sodium)
|
| Penta International |
| SACCHARIN SODIUM ANHYDROUS USP
|
| Penta International |
| SACCHARIN SODIUM DIHYDRATE USP EP GRADE
|
| Penta International |
| SACCHARIN SODIUM DIHYDRATE USP POWDER 45 MESH
|
| Penta International |
| SACCHARIN SODIUM FCC DIHYDRATE
|
| Penta International |
| SACCHARIN SODIUM USP DIHYDRATE (GRANULAR)
|
| Prinova |
| Sodium Saccharin EP, BP, FCC
|
| Qingdao Dacon Trading |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
| Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Saccharin Sodium Salt ≥98%
|
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| Saccharin sodium European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
|
| Sinofi Food Ingredients |
| Sodium Saccharin
Flavor: characteristic Sugar Substitutes, Bacon, Chewing Gum, Dairy Products, Confections, Baking Food, Yogurt, Desserts, Fruit Juice Drinks, Dried Fruits, Alcoholic Beverages, Beverage Powder, Chai Tea, Gelatins, Puddings, Ice Cream, Toothpaste, Mouth Wash, Feed, Pharmaceutical, Electroplating. |
| TCI AMERICA |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| o-Sulfobenzimide Sodium Salt Dihydrate >98.0%(HPLC)(T)
|
| Tianjin Talent Chemical |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
| Viachem |
| Sodium Saccharin
Flavor: sweet Sodium saccharin, C7H5NO3S, is a high-intensity non-nutritive sweetener. The basic substance, benzoic sulfilimine, has effectively no food energy and is much sweeter than sucrose, but has an unpleasant bitter or metallic aftertaste, especially at high concentrations.
It is used to sweeten products such as drinks, candies, biscuits, medicines, and toothpaste. Saccharin is often used together with aspartame in diet soda, so that some sweetness remains should the fountain syrup be stored beyond aspartame’s relatively short shelf life. Saccharin is believed to be an important discovery, especially for diabetics, as it goes directly through the human digestive system without being digested. Although saccharin has no food energy, it can trigger the release of insulin in humans, apparently as a result of its taste, as can other sweeteners like aspartame. |
| Zhong Ya Chemical |
| Sodium Saccharin
|
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 14200 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 6, Pg. 313, 1968.
oral-mouse LD50 17500 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 6, Pg. 313, 1968.
oral-rabbit LDLo 4000 mg/kg
Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. Vol. 32, Pg. 1367, 1981.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 7100 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 6, Pg. 313, 1968.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 6000 mg/kg
United States Patent Document. Vol. #4869913
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-mouse LDLo 7000 mg/kg
Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. Vol. 32, Pg. 1367, 1981.
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | sweetening agent only in special dietary foods |
| Recommendation for sodium saccharin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 12.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 72.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 150.00000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 150.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 2100.00000 | 2600.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
|
Scientific Opinion on the safety evaluation of the substance, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, sodium salt, CAS No. 128-44-9, for use in food contact materials
View page or View pdf
|
Safety and efficacy of sodium saccharin when used as a feed flavour for piglets, pigs for fattening, calves for rearing and calves for fattening
View page or View pdf
|
Outcome of the public consultation on a draft protocol for assessing exposure to sweeteners as part of their safety assessment under the food additives re-evaluation programme
View page or View pdf
|
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):128-44-9 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :656582 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 3077 |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| sodium 1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-olate |
| Chemidplus:0000128449 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| sodium;1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-id-3-one;dihydrate |
| Chemidplus:0006155573 |
| RTECS:DE4550000 for cas# 6155-57-3 |
References:
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C12284 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| FooDB: | FDB000919 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2934.10.0000 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations:
•grades: commercial; cp chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% pure; usp united states pharmacopeia; fcc food chemicals codex.
•sodium saccharin fcc (food chemicals codex) is available in the usa in four grades: spray-dried, containing 3.0% moisture; powder, containing 5.0-5.8% moisture; pelletized, containing 10.5-11.5% moisture; and granular, containing 14.0-15.0% moisture. each of these grades meets or exceeds the following food chemicals codex specifications: 98-101% active ingredient on an anhydrous basis, 3-15% water, 100 mgkg toluenesulphonamides, 30 mgkg selenium, 10 mgkg heavy metals (as lead) and 3 mgkg arsenic. sodium saccharin
•trade names: assugrin vollsuss (also contains sodium cyclamate); garantose; glucid; gluside; hermesetas; kandiset; natreen (also contains sodium cyclamate); sacarina; 550 saccharin; saccharina; saccharinol; saccharinose; saccharol; saxin; sucre edulcor; sucrette; sykose; zaharina.
•available in the usa as saccharin insoluble powder fcc (food chemicals codex): 98-101% active ingredient on an anhydrous basis, a maximum of 100 mgkg toluenesulphonamides, 30 mgkg selenium, 10 mgkg heavy metals (as lead) & 3 mgkg arsenic available in the usa as a usp grade containing 98-101% active ingredient on an anhydrous basis.
|
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 1,2- | benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide sodium salt | | 1,2- | benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide sodium salt | | | crystallose | | | kristallose | | | rightsweet sodium saccharin | | | saccharin sodium 450x | | | saccharin sodium FCC dihydrate | | | saccharin sodium USP dihydrate (granular) | | | saccharin soluble | | | saccharine sodium | | | saccharine sodium salt | | | sodium 1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-3-olate | | | sodium 2-benzosulphimide | | | sodium o-benzosulfimide | | | sodium ortho-benzosulfimide | | | sodium saccharin EP, BP, FCC | | | sulphobenzoic imide sodium salt |
Articles:
| PubMed:Sweet Taste-Sensing Receptors Expressed in Pancreatic β-Cells: Sweet Molecules Act as Biased Agonists. |
| PubMed:Effects of a dietary sweetener on growth performance and health of stressed beef calves and on diet digestibility and plasma and urinary metabolite concentrations of healthy calves. |
| PubMed:[A rapid dialysis method for analysis of artificial sweeteners in food]. |
| PubMed:Binding characteristics of sodium saccharin with calf thymus DNA in vitro. |
| PubMed:Erosive and cariogenicity potential of pediatric drugs: study of physicochemical parameters. |
| PubMed:Sodium butyrate into the insular cortex during conditioned taste-aversion acquisition delays aversive taste memory extinction. |
| PubMed:High-performance ion mobility spectrometry with direct electrospray ionization (ESI-HPIMS) for the detection of additives and contaminants in food. |
| PubMed:Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist administration suppresses both water and saline intake in rats. |
| PubMed:Assessment of Korean consumer exposure to sodium saccharin, aspartame and stevioside. |
| PubMed:Cariogenic potential of commercial sweeteners in an experimental biofilm caries model on enamel. |
| PubMed:The effect of androgen on the retention of extinction memory after conditioned taste aversion in mice. |
| PubMed:Influence of sodium saccharin on the microstructure of pulse electrodeposited Ni-CeO2 nanocomposite coating. |
| PubMed:Saccharin and aspartame, compared with sucrose, induce greater weight gain in adult Wistar rats, at similar total caloric intake levels. |
| PubMed:Dynamic behavior of binary component ion-exchange displacement chromatography of proteins visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. |
| PubMed:Do gastrointestinal taste receptors contribute to associative learning and foraging behavior? |
| PubMed:Reduction of misleading ("false") positive results in mammalian cell genotoxicity assays. I. Choice of cell type. |
| PubMed:[Determination of three sweeteners in vinegars by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Calorie supply does not alleviate running-based taste aversion learning in rats. |
| PubMed:Determination of artificial sweeteners in beverages and special nutritional products using high performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Microwave assisted synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 4-hydroxy-N'-[1-phenylethylidene]-2H/2-methyl-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carbohydrazide 1,1-dioxides as anti-microbial agents. |
| PubMed:A comparative study on two electronic tongues for pharmaceutical formulation development. |
| PubMed:[Hypertonic (3%) vs. isotonic brine nosespray--a controlled study]. |
| PubMed:[Determination of five synthetic sweeteners in wines using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Fast Dissolving Sublingual Films of Ondansetron Hydrochloride: Effect of Additives on in vitro Drug Release and Mucosal Permeation. |
| PubMed:Rational development of taste masked oral liquids guided by an electronic tongue. |
| PubMed:Intra-amygdalar okadaic acid enhances conditioned taste aversion learning and CREB phosphorylation in rats. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of various aseptics and sweeteners in milk and dairy products]. |
| PubMed:Salt taste inhibition by cathodal current. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of artificial sweeteners in beverage by ultra performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed:Effects of midazolam on acquisition and extinction of conditioned taste aversion memory in rats. |
| PubMed:Impact of isotonic and hypertonic saline solutions on mucociliary activity in various nasal pathologies: clinical study. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of saccharin and aspartame in commercial noncaloric sweeteners using the PLS-2 multivariate calibration method and validation by capillary electrophoresis. |
| PubMed:A facile synthesis of novel biologically active 4-hydroxy-N'-(benzylidene)-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazine-3-carbohydrazide 1,1-dioxides. |
| PubMed:Effects of buffered 2.3%, buffered 0.9%, and non-buffered 0.9% irrigation solutions on nasal mucosa after septoplasty. |
| PubMed:Effects of insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion and latent inhibition in the rat. |
| PubMed:The effect of saline solutions on nasal patency and mucociliary clearance in rhinosinusitis patients. |
| PubMed:Comparison of physicochemical properties of new ionic liquids based on imidazolium, quaternary ammonium, and guanidinium cations. |
| PubMed:Relationships between insulin release and taste. |
| PubMed:The design and evaluation of placebo material for crude herbals: Artemisia afra herb as a model. |
| PubMed:Pharmaceutical excipients and the information on drug labels. |
| PubMed:Restricted access to food, but not sucrose, saccharine, or salt, synchronizes the expression of Period2 protein in the limbic forebrain. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of rat bladder contraction by artificial sweeteners via increased extracellular Ca2+ influx. |
| PubMed:Effects of Diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] on the urinary bladder of male Wistar rats. |
| PubMed:Excitotoxic lesions of the gustatory thalamus eliminate consummatory but not instrumental successive negative contrast in rats. |
| PubMed:An inter-laboratory collaborative study by the Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Study Group in Japan, on a cell transformation assay for tumour promoters using Bhas 42 cells. |
| PubMed:Separation and simultaneous determination of four artificial sweeteners in food and beverages by ion chromatography. |
| PubMed:Calcium deprivation increases the palatability of calcium solutions in rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of buffered saline solution on nasal mucociliary clearance and nasal airway patency. |
| PubMed:Taste aversion learning induced by delayed swimming activity. |
| PubMed:Variation in intake of sweet and bitter solutions by inbred strains of golden hamsters. |
| PubMed:Combined effects of tumor promoters and serum on proliferin mRNA induction: a biomarker sensitive to saccharin, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and other compounds at minimal concentrations promoting C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation. |
| PubMed:Estimation of inorganic food additive (nitrite, nitrate and sulfur dioxide), antioxidant (BHA and BHT), processing agent (propylene glycol) and sweetener (sodium saccharin) concentrations in foods and their daily intake based on official inspection results in Japan in fiscal year 1998. |
| PubMed:Effects of a saccharin and cyclamate mixture on rat embryos. |
| PubMed:Subhypnotic doses of propofol accelerate extinction of conditioned taste aversion. |
| PubMed:Development and implementation of the IPCS conceptual framework for evaluating mode of action of chemical carcinogens. |
| PubMed:[Change of serum leptin and leptin receptors immunoreactivity in the brain following intraoral infusions of chemical solutions in rats]. |
| PubMed:The comet assay with 8 mouse organs: results with 39 currently used food additives. |
| PubMed:Dose- and time-response studies of sodium o-phenylphenate urinary bladder carcinogenicity in rats. |
| PubMed:Intake of saccharin, salt, and ethanol solutions is increased by infusion of a mu opioid agonist into the nucleus accumbens. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of artificial sweeteners, preservatives, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in food and pharmaceutical preparations by ion chromatography. |
| PubMed:The male rat carcinogens limonene and sodium saccharin are not mutagenic to male Big Blue rats. |
| PubMed:Effect of saccharin on antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine gel. |
| PubMed:Improved water solubility of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone in sweetener blends. |
| PubMed:Cellular responses of NG108-15 and SK-N-MC lines to sweet and bitter tastants as measured by extracellular acidification rates. |
| PubMed:Antitumor promoting effect of an active component of Polyporus, ergosterol and related compounds on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis in a short-term test with concanavalin A. |
| PubMed:Psychophysics of taste lateralization on anterior tongue. |
| PubMed:Comparison of c-fos-like immunoreactivity in the brainstem following intraoral and intragastric infusions of chemical solutions in rats. |
| PubMed:Acute exposure to saccharin reduces morphine analgesia in the the rat: evidence for involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate and peripheral opioid receptors. |
| PubMed:Calcium phosphate-containing precipitate and the carcinogenicity of sodium salts in rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of taste stimulation on the behavior of serum amino acid concentrations and amylase and trypsin activities in fasting rats. |
| PubMed:Effect of temperature, pH, and ions on sweet taste. |
| PubMed:Solution properties and sweetness response of selected bulk and intense sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Selective inhibition of sweetness by the sodium salt of +/-2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid. |
| PubMed:Quantitative trait loci associated with short-term intake of sucrose, saccharin and quinine solutions in laboratory mice. |
| PubMed:Chorda tympani responses in two inbred strains of mice with different taste preferences. |
| PubMed:A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, attenuates saccharin drinking in a two-choice test in water-deprived rats. |
| PubMed:Determination of aspartame by ion chromatography with electrochemical integrated amperometric detection. |
| PubMed:Glucose-induced increase in memory performance in patients with schizophrenia. |
| PubMed:Hyperresponsiveness to palatable and aversive taste stimuli in genetically obese (bombesin receptor subtype-3-deficient) mice. |
| PubMed:Taste qualities of solutions preferred by hamsters. |
| PubMed:Effects of artificial sweeteners on insulin release and cationic fluxes in rat pancreatic islets. |
| PubMed:Motivational conflict among water need, palatability, and cold discomfort in rats. |
| PubMed:Forebrain contribution to the induction of a brainstem correlate of conditioned taste aversion. II. Insular (gustatory) cortex. |
| PubMed:Tumorigenicity of sodium ascorbate in male rats. |
| PubMed:Re: Long-term feeding of sodium saccharin to nonhuman primates: implications for urinary tract cancer. |
| PubMed:Uroplakins and cytokeratins in the regenerating rat urothelium after sodium saccharin treatment. |
| PubMed:Tetrodotoxin inactivation of the gustatory cortex disrupts the effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine on latent inhibition of conditioned taste aversion in rats. |
| PubMed:Long-term feeding of sodium saccharin to nonhuman primates: implications for urinary tract cancer. |
| PubMed:Closing the pylorus decreases the size of large meals in the rat. |
| PubMed:Sodium saccharin inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity in non-taste cells. |
| PubMed:Hypobaric hypoxia and hedonic matrix in rats. |
| PubMed:Polyethylene glycol-induced calcium appetite. |
| PubMed:Ethanol preference, metabolism, blood pressure, and conditioned taste aversion in experimental cholestasis. |
| PubMed:Different characteristics of gustatory responses between the greater superficial petrosal and chorda tympani nerves in the rat. |
| PubMed:Reproductive toxicology. Sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:[Effects of sodium saccharin on the tracheal epithelium of mice]. |
| PubMed:[Sodium saccharin effect on the mice large intestine]. |
| PubMed:Antihyperglycaemic effect of saccharin in diabetic ob/ob mice. |
| PubMed:Forebrain contribution to the induction of a brainstem correlate of conditioned taste aversion: I. The amygdala. |
| PubMed:Reappraisal of eight representative carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic compounds in a new medium-term rat liver bioassay using D-galactosamine. |
| PubMed:Effects of the benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist Ro 15-4513 on the ingestion of sucrose and sodium saccharin solutions: a microstructural analysis of licking behavior. |
| PubMed:Analysis of differentiation-associated proteins in rat bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Effects of sodium saccharin and linoleic acid on mRNA levels of Her2/neu and p53 in a human breast epithelial cell line. |
| PubMed:Effect of high-altitude hypoxia on feeding responses and hedonic matrix in rats. |
| PubMed:Taste responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract in saccharin-preferring and saccharin-averse rats. |
| PubMed:Extensive handling of rats leads to mild urinary bladder hyperplasia. |
| PubMed:Human protection against non-genotoxic carcinogens in the US without the Delaney Clause. |
| PubMed:Saccharin mechanistic data and risk assessment: urine composition, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion. |
| PubMed:Effects of sodium saccharin diet on fat-cell lipolysis: evidence for increased function of the adenylyl cyclase catalyst. |
| PubMed:Single unit responses of the amygdala after conditioned taste aversion in conscious rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of sodium ascorbate, sodium saccharin and ammonium chloride on the male rat urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Suppression of saccharin-induced mutagenicity by interferon-alpha in human RSa cells. |
| PubMed:Environmental pollutants alter taste responses in the gerbil. |
| PubMed:Conditioned taste aversions induced by alcohol and lithium in rats selectively bred for ethanol neurosensitivity. |
| PubMed:The genetic basis of preference for sweet substances among inbred strains of mice: preference ratio phenotypes and the alleles of the Sac and dpa loci. |
| PubMed:[Evaluation of nasal mucociliary clearance with a modified saccharin test]. |
| PubMed:Effect of sodium saccharin on the neonatal rat bladder. |
| PubMed:Relationship of DNA adducts derived from 2-acetylaminofluorene to cell proliferation and the induction of rodent liver and bladder tumors. |
| PubMed:Human relevance of animal carcinogenicity studies. |
| PubMed:Failure to produce taste-aversion learning in rats exposed to static electric fields and air ions. |
| PubMed:Bitterness of sweeteners as a function of concentration. |
| PubMed:Multiple, small doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide are more efficacious at inducing taste aversion conditioning than single, large doses. |
| PubMed:Investigation of synergism in binary mixtures of sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Tetrodotoxin blockade of amygdala overlapping with poisoning impairs acquisition of conditioned taste aversion in rats. |
| PubMed:Glandular stomach hemorrhage induced by high dose saccharin in young rodents. |
| PubMed:Prohibitin gene is overexpressed but not mutated in rat bladder carcinomas and cell lines. |
| PubMed:Lack of induction of epithelial cell proliferation by sodium saccharin and sodium L-ascorbate in the urinary bladder of NCI-black-Reiter (NBR) male rats. |
| PubMed:Effect of modulators of the adenylate cyclase system on sweet electrophysiological taste responses in gerbil. |
| PubMed:Age-dependent taste preferences in rabbits for a .025% sodium saccharin solution: preliminary findings. |
| PubMed:A comparison of the effects of sodium saccharin in NBR rats and in intact and castrated male F344 rats. |
| PubMed:Evidence for serotonergic involvement in saccharin preference in a two-choice test in rehydrating rats. |
| PubMed:Ethanol reinforcement and its relationship to saccharin preference in Wistar rats. |
| PubMed:Adaptation of sweeteners in water and in tannic acid solutions. |
| PubMed:Study of sodium saccharin co-carcinogenicity in the rat. |
| PubMed:p53 mutation is infrequent and might not give a growth advantage in rat bladder carcinogenesis in vivo. |
| PubMed:Universality of parabrachial mediation of conditioned taste aversion. |
| PubMed:Enhancing effects of saccharin on gustatory responses to D-phenylalanine in monkey single chorda tympani fibers. |
| PubMed:The effect of sweeteners on bitter taste in young and elderly subjects. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of murine gustatory neural responses to D-amino acids by saccharin. |
| PubMed:Detection of K-ras codon 12 mutation by polymerase chain reaction and differential dot-blot hybridization in sodium saccharin-treated human RSA cell. |
| PubMed:Effects of dietary iron and folate supplementation on the physiological changes produced in weanling rats by sodium saccharin exposure. |
| PubMed:How herbivores track variable environments: Response to variability of phytotoxins. |
| PubMed:Potentiometric determination of saccharin in dietary products using mercurous nitrate as titrant. |
| PubMed:A data-derived safety (uncertainty) factor for the intense sweetener, saccharin. |
| PubMed:Application of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray analysis to urinary tract cancer in animals and humans. |
| PubMed:The benzodiazepine receptor partial agonists, bretazenil (Ro 16-6028) and Ro 17-1812, affect saccharin preference and quinine aversion in the rat. |
| PubMed:Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: the quality of sweetness. |
| PubMed:Two phorbol ester receptor affinities in partially transformed human urothelial cells and decrease of receptor binding in desensitized cells. |
| PubMed:Sequencing analysis of Ha-, Ki-, and N-ras genes in rat urinary bladder tumors induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) and sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:The beta-carboline abecarnil, a novel agonist at central benzodiazepine receptors, influences saccharin and salt taste preferences in the rat. |
| PubMed:Speed and consistency of human decisions to swallow or spit sweet and sour solutions. |
| PubMed:Single neuron gustatory responses of the gerbil chorda tympani to a variety of stimuli (recorded by a new method). |
| PubMed:Anti-promoting effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine and sodium saccharin-induced rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Ras involvement in cells transformed with 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole (ANFT) in vitro and with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazoyl]formamide in vivo. |
| PubMed:Abnormal taste preference for saccharin in hypothyroid rats. |
| PubMed:A review and biological risk assessment of sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Acute urinary tract toxicity of tetraethylorthosilicate in rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of in utero and postnatal sodium saccharin exposure on the nutritional status of the young rat. II. Dose response and reversibility. |
| PubMed:Effects of in utero and postnatal sodium saccharin exposure on the nutritional status of the young rat. I. Effects at 30 days post-birth. |
| PubMed:Direct DNA sequencing of the rat neu oncogene transmembrane domain reveals no mutation in urinary bladder carcinomas induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. |
| PubMed:A proposed role for silicates and protein in the proliferative effects of saccharin on the male rat urothelium. |
| PubMed:Studies on the utilization of a plant SCE test in detecting potential mutagenic agents. |
| PubMed:Enhanced immunoreactivity of ras oncogene p21 protein in urinary bladder epithelium of rats treated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide. |
| PubMed:H-ras mutations in rat urinary bladder carcinomas induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide and sodium saccharin, sodium ascorbate, or related salts. |
| PubMed:Lack of bladder carcinogenicity of dietary sodium saccharin in analbuminaemic rats, which are highly susceptible to N-nitroso-n-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine. |
| PubMed:The effects of high dietary concentrations of saccharin on in vitro metabolism of xenobiotics in rats. |
| PubMed:The effects of high dietary concentrations of sodium saccharin on in vivo metabolism of xenobiotics in rats. |
| PubMed:Time-quality tracking of monosodium glutamate, sodium saccharin, and a citric acid-saccharin mixture. |
| PubMed:Preference of Old World monkeys for amino acids and other gustatory stimuli: the influence of monosodium glutamate. |
| PubMed:Lack of bladder tumor promoting activity in rats fed sodium saccharin in AIN-76A diet. |
| PubMed:Comparative bladder tumor promoting activity of sodium saccharin, sodium ascorbate, related acids, and calcium salts in rats. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of 2-O-octadecylascorbic acid in agglutination assay with concanavalin A; short-term examination of rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:In vitro transformation of rat bladder epithelium by 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole. |
| PubMed:The effects of sodium saccharin with and without N-methyl-N-nitrosourea co-treatment on anchorage-independent growth of human diploid fibroblasts. |
| PubMed:Cocaine-induced conditioned taste aversions in male and female Wistar rats. |
| PubMed:Induction of DNA synthesis by sodium phenobarbital, uracil, and sodium saccharin in urinary bladder of the F344 rat. |
| PubMed:Cell proliferation in carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Solution acceptance by common ravens (Corvus corax) given two-bottle preference tests. |
| PubMed:Synergism by sodium L-ascorbate but inhibition by L-ascorbic acid for sodium saccharin promotion of rat two-stage bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Antagonism of the gerbil's sweetener and Polycose gustatory responses by copper chloride. |
| PubMed:Effects of different types of diet and sodium saccharin on proliferation at the limiting ridge of the rat forestomach. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of nitrofurantoin on the two stages of urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the rat. |
| PubMed:Urothelial damage and tumor initiation by urinary metabolites of sodium o-phenylphenate in the urinary bladder of female rats. |
| PubMed:A search for the cortical gustatory area in the hamster. |
| PubMed:Comparative analysis of the proliferative response of the rat urinary bladder to sodium saccharin by light and scanning electron microscopy and autoradiography. |
| PubMed:Behavioral reactions to gustatory stimuli in young chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). |
| PubMed:Saccharin induces changes in adenylate cyclase activity in liver and muscle membranes in rats. |
| PubMed:Point mutation in codons 12 and 61 of the Ha-ras gene in rat urinary bladder carcinomas induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide. |
| PubMed:The health risks of saccharin revisited. |
| PubMed:Antimutagenesis in yeast by sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the bladder response to indole and sodium saccharin ingestion by male rats. |
| PubMed:Improvement of carcinogen identification in BALB/3T3 cell transformation by application of a 2-stage method. |
| PubMed:Gamma radiation-induced conditioned taste aversions in rats: a comparison of the protective effects of area postrema lesions with differing doses of radiation. |
| PubMed:Effects of the imidazobenzodiazepine Ro 15-4513 on saccharin choice and acceptance, and on food intake, in the rat. |
| PubMed:Influences of diet and strain on the proliferative effect on the rat urinary bladder induced by sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Differences in saccharin-induced cerebral glucose utilization between obesity-prone and -resistant rats. |
| PubMed:Sweet tastants stimulate adenylate cyclase coupled to GTP-binding protein in rat tongue membranes. |
| PubMed:The present lack of evidence for unique rodent germ-cell mutagens. |
| PubMed:Mutagenicity of sodium saccharin to human cells in vitro. |
| PubMed:Effect of saccharin on the ATP-induced increase in Na+ permeability in isolated chicken intestinal epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:The effect of lifetime sodium saccharin dosing on mice initiated with the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene. |
| PubMed:In vitro cytotoxicity of the sodium, potassium and calcium salts of saccharin, sodium ascorbate, sodium citrate and sodium chloride. |
| PubMed:Effect of sodium saccharin and calcium saccharin on urinary parameters in rats fed Prolab 3200 or AIN-76 diet. |
| PubMed:Conditioned taste aversion elicited by intracerebral administration of drugs. |
| PubMed:High-pressure liquid chromatographic assay of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, guaifenesin, and sodium benzoate in an expectorant syrup. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of the serosal sugar carrier in isolated intestinal epithelial cells by saccharin. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the responses of male rats to dietary sodium saccharin exposure initiated during nursing with responses to exposure initiated at weaning. |
| PubMed:Cell growth dynamics in long-term bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Effects of retinoids and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on tumor-promoter-induced soft agar colony formation of mouse epidermal cells and rat urinary bladder cells. |
| PubMed:Effects of sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin on focus induction in explant cultures of rat bladder. |
| PubMed:Dose-response relationships in rodents of promoter carcinogens: a tentative interpretation of some downward trends. |
| PubMed:Reproducibility of low-dose extrapolation procedure: comparison of estimates obtained using different rodent species and strains. |
| PubMed:The effect of various saccharin forms on gastro-intestinal tract, urine and bladder of male rats. |
| PubMed:Clonazepam selectively increases saccharin ingestion in a two-choice test. |
| PubMed:An hypothesis of the mechanism of urinary bladder tumorigenesis in rat ingesting sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:A cellular dynamics model of experimental bladder cancer: analysis of the effect of sodium saccharin in the rat. |
| PubMed:Taste-induced changes in plasma insulin and glucose turnover in lean and genetically obese rats. |
| PubMed:Bicarbonate-based dental powder, fluoride, and saccharin inhibition of dental caries associated with Streptococcus mutans infection of rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of "anorexia" on appetitive and consummatory behavior. |
| PubMed:Use of conditioned taste aversion as a conflict model: effects of anxiolytic drugs. |
| PubMed:Taste responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the chronic decerebrate rat. |
| PubMed:Validity of short-term examination for antipromoters of bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Cocarcinogenicity of saccharin and N-alkylnitrosoureas in cultured human diploid fibroblasts. |
| PubMed:The effect of saccharin ingestion on the excretion of microbial amino acid metabolites in rat and man. |
| PubMed:Effects of treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, artificial sweeteners, and cyclophosphamide on adult rat urinary bladder in vitro. |
| PubMed:Effect of inherent urine output on the response of male rats to 7.5% dietary sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:An evaluation of the effects of culture medium osmolality and pH on metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster V79 cells. |
| PubMed:Inactivation of antiadherence effect of bladder surface glycosaminoglycans as possible mechanism for carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced transformation of rat urothelial cells in vitro is not mediated by activation of ras oncogenes. |
| PubMed:Soft agar colony formation of bladder cells during carcinogenesis induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine and application to detection of bladder cancer promoters. |
| PubMed:Effect of dietary carbohydrate type and content on the response of male rats to dietary sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Effect of pH and ions on the electronic structure of saccharin. |
| PubMed:Effects of bicarbonate-based dental powder, fluoride, and saccharin on dental caries and on Streptococcus sobrinus recoveries in rats. |
| PubMed:Development of taste responses in the rat parabrachial nucleus. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of saccharin in beverages and sweets: NMKL Collaborative Study. |
| PubMed:Isolation housing decreases the effectiveness of morphine in the conditioned taste aversion paradigm. |
| PubMed:Conditioned taste aversion induced in rats by intracerebral or systemic administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. |
| PubMed:A modification of the saccharine test for nasal mucociliary clearance. |
| PubMed:Effect of sodium phenobarbital and sodium saccharin in AIN-76A diet on carcinogenesis initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide and N,N-dibutylnitrosamine in male F344 rats. |
| PubMed:Multistage transformation of cultured rat urothelium: the effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, sodium saccharin, sodium cyclamate and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. |
| PubMed:The effects of saccharin on the development of neoplastic lesions initiated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the rat urothelium. |
| PubMed:Ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis in rats after long term treatment with butylated hydroxyanisole, sodium saccharin or phenobarbital. |
| PubMed:The effect of long-term administration of aspirin and sodium saccharin on the rat kidney. |
| PubMed:Clastogenicity in vitro of the Na, K, Ca and Mg salts of saccharin; and of magnesium chloride; consideration of significance. |
| PubMed:CGS 8216, a novel anorectic agent, selectively reduces saccharin solution consumption in the rat. |
| PubMed:Inhibition by aspirin of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide initiation and sodium saccharin promotion of urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. |
| PubMed:Behavioral displays to gustatory stimuli in newborn rat pups. |
| PubMed:Induction of morphological changes in the urothelium of cultured adult rat bladder by sodium saccharin and sodium cyclamate. |
| PubMed:The effect of different salts of saccharin on the rat urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Caffeine intensifies taste of certain sweeteners: role of adenosine receptor. |
| PubMed:Effects of the beta-carboline FG 7142 on saccharin preference and quinine aversion in water-deprived rats. |
| PubMed:Absolute and intensity-difference taste thresholds in the rat: evaluation of an automated multi-channel gustometer. |
| PubMed:Trypsin inhibitor ingestion-induced urinary indican excretion and pancreatic acinar cell hypertrophy. |
| PubMed:Pharmacological investigations of the mechanisms underlying the effects of peripheral 5-HT on flavour consumption and preference. |
| PubMed:Morphologic changes in the urinary bladder and stomach after long-term administration of sodium saccharin in F344 rats. |
| PubMed:Taste aversions conditioned with multiple exposures to gamma radiation: abolition by area postrema lesions in rats. |
| PubMed:Correlation of results of agglutination assays with concanavalin A and carcinogenesis experiments on promoters of bladder cancer. |
| PubMed:Short-term screening of promoters of bladder carcinogenesis in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-initiated, unilaterally ureter-ligated rats. |
| PubMed:Modification of rat caecal microbial biotransformation activities by dietary saccharin. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of quinine, hydroquinine, saccharin, and sodium benzoate in quinine beverages. |
| PubMed:Behavioral and neural gustatory responses in rabbit. |
| PubMed:Multi-stage carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Histopathological evaluation of rat urinary bladders from the IRDC two-generation bioassay of sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the dose response and in utero exposure to saccharin in the rat. |
| PubMed:The effects of high dietary levels of sodium saccharin on mineral and water balance and related parameters in rats. |
| PubMed:Some changes in gastro-intestinal metabolism and in the urine and bladders of rats in response to sodium saccharin ingestion. |
| PubMed:Characterization of aminosaccharins in commercial sodium saccharin produced by the Maumee process. |
| PubMed:Initiation of urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats by freeze ulceration with sodium saccharin promotion. |
| PubMed:The microbial metabolism of tryptophan in rats fed a diet containing 7.5% saccharin in a two-generation protocol. |
| PubMed:The genotoxicity of sodium saccharin and sodium chloride in relation to their cancer-promoting properties. |
| PubMed:Transforming growth factors induce markers of neoplasia in cultured adult rat bladder. |
| PubMed:Rhinovirus inactivation by nasal tissues treated with virucide. |
| PubMed:Sensory evaluation of soft drinks with various sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate receptors in normal human transitional epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:Lack of specific inhibition of DNA repair in WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts by sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Effects of sodium saccharin on the activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amylase and upon bacteria in small intestinal contents of rats. |
| PubMed:Effect of saccharin on growth and acid production of glucose-grown pathogenic and oral bacteria. |
| PubMed:A microgram dose of diazepam produces specific inhibition of ambulation in the rat. |
| PubMed:Effect of short-term administration of sodium saccharin on rhesus monkeys. |
| PubMed:Bladder freeze ulceration and sodium saccharin feeding in the rat: examination for urinary nitrosamines, mutagens and bacteria, and effects on hepatic microsomal enzymes. |
| PubMed:Effect of sodium saccharin on rat pancreatic enzyme secretion. |
| PubMed:Summation and synergism in the promotion of urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine in F344 rats. |
| PubMed:Nicotine-induced taste aversion: characterization and preexposure effects in rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of three sweeteners on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine. |
| PubMed:Conditioned taste aversions modify neural responses in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of sodium saccharin, caffeine, aspartame, and sodium benzoate in cola beverages. |
| PubMed:[Failure to activate Epstein-Barr virus genome in a latently-infected human lymphoblastoid cell line with urine containing a bladder carcinogenesis promoter]. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of saccharin qualitative fitting test for respirators. |
| PubMed:Effects of chronically elevated intake of different concentrations of saccharin on morphine tolerance in genetically selected rats. |
| PubMed:Characterization of the purine ring-opened 7-methylguanine and its persistence in rat bladder epithelial DNA after treatment with the carcinogen N-methylnitrosourea. |
| PubMed:A general probabilistic model of carcinogenesis: analysis of experimental urinary bladder cancer. |
| PubMed:Alterations in the rat kidney associated with sodium saccharin feeding: a scanning electron microscopic study. |
| PubMed:Uptake of U-14C-glucose by Streptococcus mutans in the presence of saccharin. |
| PubMed:Distinction by concanavalin A agglutination between ulceration and repair of rat bladder epithelium induced by freezing or cyclophosphamide and the effect of sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Conditioned taste aversion in the adult rat induced by dietary ingestion of cadmium or cobalt. |
| PubMed:Drugs, food additives and natural products as promoters in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Attempts to produce taste-aversion learning in rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. |
| PubMed:Investigations on the carcinogenicity of the artificial sweeteners sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin in rats in a two-generation experiment. |
| PubMed:Preference for sugars and nonnutritive sweeteners in young beagles. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of metabolic cooperation between Chinese hamster V79 cells by structurally diverse teratogens. |
| PubMed:Effect of saccharin on the induction of chromosomal translocations in male mice and their F1 offspring. |
| PubMed:Operant licking in rabbits for intraoral injection of basic types of tastants. |
| PubMed:Development of taste responses in rat nucleus of solitary tract. |
| PubMed:The combined effect of mechanical trauma and phenacetin or sodium saccharin on the rat urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Organ-specific promoting effect of phenobarbital and saccharin in induction of thyroid, liver, and urinary bladder tumors in rats after initiation with N-nitrosomethylurea. |
| PubMed:Effect of saccharin ingestion on stool composition in relation to caecal enlargement and increased stool hydration. |
| PubMed:Suppression of saccharin-induced drinking in the nondeprived rat by low dose diazepam treatment. |
| PubMed:Agglutination assay of bladder cells by Concanavalin A proved the high susceptibility of analbuminemic rats to bladder carcinogens. |
| PubMed:Area postrema lesions in rats enhance the magnitude of body rotation-induced conditioned taste aversions. |
| PubMed:Promotion in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Two-generation saccharin bioassays. |
| PubMed:Effect of dibutylnitrosamine and saccharin on glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci and liver cancer. |
| PubMed:Effects of opiate agonists and antagonists on fluid intake and saccharin choice in the rat. |
| PubMed:Taste aversions conditioned with gamma radiation: attenuation by area postrema lesions in rats. |
| PubMed:Multistage carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Cortical spreading depression and conditioned taste aversion: an attempt to resolve a controversy. |
| PubMed:Erratum. |
| PubMed:Differences in susceptibility to sodium saccharin among various strains of rats and other animal species. |
| PubMed:Promoting effects of various chemicals in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated by N-nitroso-n-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)amine. |
| PubMed:Characterization of impurities in commercial lots of sodium saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process. II. Mutagenicity. |
| PubMed:Characterization of impurities in commercial lots of sodium saccharin produced by the Sherwin-Williams process. I. Chemistry. |
| PubMed:Membrane potentials of urinary bladder epithelium in F344 rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine or sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Effect of sodium saccharin on urinary bladder epithelial regenerative hyperplasia following freeze ulceration. |
| PubMed:Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to smooth surfaces in the presence of artificial sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Co-carcinogenicity of sodium saccharin and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide for the urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Fluid consumption in water-deprived rats after administration of naloxone or quaternary naloxone. |
| PubMed:Effect of unpalatable diets, food restriction and saccharin-adulterated diet on tryptic, chymotryptic, and amylolytic activity in pancreas, intestine and feces of rats. |
| PubMed:Saccharin preferences in prepubertal male and female rats: relationship to self-stimulation. |
| PubMed:The effects of nasal drops and their additives on human nasal mucociliary clearance. |
| PubMed:Alterations in the rat kidney associated with sodium saccharin feeding. |
| PubMed:The inhibition of urease and proteases by sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Conditioned suppression of humoral immunity in the rat. |
| PubMed:Assay of saccharin and sodium saccharin in animal feed. |
| PubMed:Conditioned aversion to a taste perceived while grooming. |
| PubMed:Behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression and murine systemic lupus erythematosus. |
| PubMed:Gustatory functions of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the rabbit. |
| PubMed:Conditioned taste aversion induced by inhalation exposure to methyl bromide in rats. |
| PubMed:Organ-specific promoting effects of phenobarbital sodium and sodium saccharin in the induction of liver and urinary bladder tumors in male F344 rats. |
| PubMed:Palatability-induced drinking after administration of morphine, naltrexone and diazepam in the non-deprived rat. |
| PubMed:Effect of partial cystectomy on the induction of pre-neoplastic lesions in rat bladder initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine followed by bladder carcinogens and promoters. |
| PubMed:Effect of regenerative hyperplasia on the urinary bladder: carcinogenicity of sodium saccharin and N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide. |
| PubMed:Urinary bladder carcinogenesis with N-substituted aryl compounds: initiation and promotion. |
| PubMed:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic method for determination of penicillamine in capsules. |
| PubMed:Effect of L-tryptophan and sodium saccharin on urinary tract carcinogenesis initiated by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide. |
| PubMed:Effect of dose of sodium saccharin on the induction of rat urinary bladder proliferation. |
| PubMed:Effect of sodium saccharin and L-tryptophan on rat urine during bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of renal function in saccharin treated rats. |
| PubMed:Effect of phenobarbital, polychlorinated biphenyl and sodium saccharin on hepatic and renal carcinogenesis in unilaterally nephrectomized rats given N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine orally. |
| PubMed:[Renal and hepatic toxicity studies in mice treated with sodium saccharin: breaks in single-stranded DNA]. |
| PubMed:Effect of cyclamate sodium, saccharin sodium and stevioside on arginine-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. |
| PubMed:Dose response of saccharin in induction of urinary bladder hyperplasias in Fischer 344 rats pretreated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. |
| PubMed:Effects of sodium saccharin and caffeine on the urinary bladder of rats treated with n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine. |
| PubMed:The effect of sodium saccharin in the diet on caecal microflora. |
| PubMed:Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity to the urinary bladder of sodium saccharin in the in utero-exposed rat. |
| PubMed:The taste aversion induction properties of two long duration barbiturates. |
| PubMed:Arousal of a specific and persistent sodium appetite in the rat with continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin II. |
| PubMed:Saccharin-induced hyperplasia of the rat urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Determination of sodium saccharin in animal feed, wastewater and human urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Long-term toxicity of ortho-touenesulfonamide and sodium saccharin in the rat. |
| PubMed:The effect of ortho toluenesulfonamide and sodium saccharin on the urinary tract of neonatal rats. |
| PubMed:Gustatory preferences during estrus cycle in rats. |
| PubMed:High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of sodium saccharin, sodium benzoate, and caffeine in soda beverages: collaborative study. |
| PubMed:[Effect of sodium saccharin and sodium cyclamate on water-soluble vitamins and essential amino acids]. |
| PubMed:Qualitative differences among sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Response of male rate to sodium saccharin ingestion: urine composition and mineral balance. |
| PubMed:Alcohol intake in selected lines of mice: importance of sex and genotype. |
| PubMed:Promoting effect of saccharin and DL-tryptophan in urinary bladder carcinogenesis. |
| PubMed:Response of the rat to saccharin with particular reference to the urinary bladder. |
| PubMed:Effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on preference for several taste solutions in the rat. |
| PubMed:Validation and characterization of the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma mutagen assay system. |
| PubMed:Neocortico-amygdalar interaction in the conditioned taste aversion in rats. |
| PubMed:Eliciting conditioned taste aversion by cobra venom neurotoxin in rats. |
| PubMed:The mutagenicity of saccharin impurities. I. Detection of mutagenic activity. |
| PubMed:Schedule induction and sweetness as factors in ethanol consumption and preference by rats. |
| PubMed:Saccharin-induced sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster and human cells. |
| PubMed:The thermal energy analysis of sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Histological examination of perinatal eye development in the rat after ingestion of sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin during pregnancy. |
| PubMed:Fortification of soft drinks with protein from cottage cheese whey. |
| PubMed:High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of saccharin in alcoholic products. |
| PubMed:Sensory factors which affect the acceptance of raw and heated defatted soybeans by rats. |
| PubMed:Influences of the adrenal gland and photoperiod on the hamster oestrus cycle. |
| PubMed:NaCl and LiCl efficacy in the induction of aversion for quinine and saccharin solutions immediately following injection. |
| PubMed:Mutual action of taste and olfaction. |
| PubMed:Morphine ingestion: genetic control in mice. |
| PubMed:Improved taste acceptability for an oral hyperalimentation dosage form. |
| PubMed:Impurities in commercial saccharin. I. Impurities soluble in organic solvents. |
| PubMed:Subacute toxicity studies with sodium saccharin and two hydrolytic derivatives. |
| PubMed:Physiological effects of sucrose substitutes and artificial sweeteners on growth pattern and acid production of glucose-grown Streptococcus mutans strains in vitro. |
| PubMed:Determinants of the enhancement of flavored-water intake by prior exposure. |
| PubMed:Effect of galactose and sugar substitutes on blood insulin levels in normal and obese individuals. |
| PubMed:Effects of drug experience on drug induced conditioned taste aversions: studies with amphetamine and fenfluramine. |
| PubMed:Taste rejection of nonnutritive sweeteners in cats. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of a new model to detect bladder carcinogens or co-carcinogens; results obtained with saccharin, cyclamate and cyclophosphamide. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin on tumor induction by 2-acetylaminofluorene in rats. |
| PubMed:The gustatory sense in foetal sheep during the last third of gestation. |
| PubMed:Induction of dominant lethals in mice by sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Intravascular taste in rats as demonstrated by conditioned aversion to sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Aspartylphenylalanine methyl ester: a low-calorie sweetener. |
| PubMed:Production of urinary bladder carcinomas in mice by sodium saccharin. |
| PubMed:Bladder tumors in rats fed cyclohexylamine or high doses of a mixture of cyclamate and saccharin. |
| PubMed:Human detectability thresholds for saccharin, sodium saccharin, and sodium chloride. |
| PubMed:Taste stimuli: a behavioral categorization. |
| PubMed:Taste reception in the goat, sheep and calf. |
| PubMed:Dulcin and saccharin taste in squirrel monkeys, rats, and men. |
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3D/inchi
3D/inchi