Category: multipurpose additives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless clear oily liquid (est) |
Assay: | 99.00 to 100.00 %
|
Heavey Metals: | 5 PPM MAX |
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
Specific Gravity: | 1.03400 to 1.03700 @ 25.00 °C.
|
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 8.604 to 8.629
|
Refractive Index: | 1.42500 to 1.43500 @ 20.00 °C.
|
Melting Point: | -60.00 to -59.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 187.00 to 188.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
Boiling Point: | 149.70 °C. @ 200.00 mm Hg
|
Vapor Pressure: | 0.204000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Vapor Density: | 2.62 ( Air = 1 ) |
Flash Point: | 225.00 °F. TCC ( 107.22 °C. )
|
logP (o/w): | -0.920 |
Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
Soluble in: |
| ether | | miscible with water, acetone, chloroform | | solvent for rosin | | will dissolve many essential oils | | water, 1000000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
Insoluble in: |
| paraffin oil | | fixed oils |
Stability: |
| stable under ordenary conditions |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: | odorless |
Odor Strength: | none |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | odorless very slight alcoholic |
Substantivity: | 400 Hour(s) |
| |
Cosmetic Information:
Safety Information:
Most important hazard(s): | None - None found. |
|
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
|
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
oral-rat LD50 20000 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 45, Pg. 362, 1978.
oral-guinea pig LD50 18350 mg/kg Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941.
oral-mouse LD50 22000 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 65, Pg. 89, 1939.
intravenous-mouse LD50 6630 mg/kg Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 26, Pg. 1581, 1976.
oral-rabbit LD50 18500 mg/kg FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 53A, Pg. 491, 1974.
intravenous-rabbit LD50 6500 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB280-477
intravenous-rat LD50 6423 mg/kg Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 26, Pg. 1581, 1976.
intravenous-chicken LDLo 27000 mg/kg VASCULAR: OTHER CHANGES Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 60, Pg. 312, 1937.
oral-child TDLo 79000 mg/kg/56W-I BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BRAIN AND COVERINGS: CHANGES IN SURFACE EEG
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC Journal of Pediatrics. Vol. 93, Pg. 515, 1978.
intravenous-dog LD50 26000 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB280-477
oral-dog LD50 22000 mg/kg Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 21, Pg. 173, 1939.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 9718 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA
BLOOD: CHANGES IN SPLEEN
KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: CHANGES IN BOTH TUBULES AND GLOMERULI Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 6, Pg. 342, 1947.
oral-quail LD50 > 2080 mg/kg Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 6, Pg. 149, 1982.
intramuscular-rabbit LDLo 6300 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: COMA
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 44, Pg. 109, 1932.
intramuscular-rat LD50 14000 mg/kg Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974Vol. 17JUN1974
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 6660 mg/kg Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina. Cryobiology and Cryomedicine. Vol. 9, Pg. 36, 1981.
|
Dermal Toxicity: | |
skin-rabbit LD50 20800 mg/kg Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 101, 1974.
subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 15500 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB280-477
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 17370 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY) Kriobiologiya i Kriomeditsina. Cryobiology and Cryomedicine. Vol. 8, Pg. 46, 1981
subcutaneous-rat LD50 22500 mg/kg Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Memorandum, June 17, 1974Vol. 17JUN1974
|
Inhalation Toxicity: | |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
Category: | multipurpose additives |
Recommendation for propylene glycol usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
|
|
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
publication number: 3 |
Click here to view publication 3 |
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
baked goods: | - | 1300.00000 |
beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 690.00000 |
beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
breakfast cereal: | - | - |
cheese: | - | - |
chewing gum: | - | - |
condiments / relishes: | - | 20.00000 |
confectionery froastings: | - | 0.08000 |
egg products: | - | - |
fats / oils: | - | - |
fish products: | - | - |
frozen dairy: | - | 810.00000 |
fruit ices: | - | 810.00000 |
gelatins / puddings: | 250.00000 | 290.00000 |
granulated sugar: | - | - |
gravies: | - | - |
hard candy: | - | 1300.00000 |
imitation dairy: | - | - |
instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
jams / jellies: | - | - |
meat products: | 10.00000 | 40.00000 |
milk products: | - | - |
nut products: | - | - |
other grains: | - | - |
poultry: | - | - |
processed fruits: | - | 300.00000 |
processed vegetables: | - | - |
reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
snack foods: | - | - |
soft candy: | - | - |
soups: | - | 20.00000 |
sugar substitutes: | - | - |
sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 1 (FGE.20Rev1): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 3(FGE.20Rev3): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils – Part I of III View page or View pdf |
Re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol (E 1520) as a food additive View page or View pdf |
EPI System: | View |
EPA-Iris: | IRIS |
ClinicalTrials.gov: | search |
Daily Med: | search |
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards: | search |
NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank: | Search |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
AIDS Citations: | Search |
Cancer Citations: | Search |
Toxicology Citations: | Search |
Carcinogenic Potency Database: | Search |
EPA GENetic TOXicology: | Search |
Env. Mutagen Info. Center: | Search |
NLM Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity: | Search |
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 57-55-6 |
EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 1030 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
WGK Germany: | 1 |
| propane-1,2-diol |
Chemidplus: | 0000057556 |
EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
RTECS: | 57-55-6 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
| deluent fragrance deluent | |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| chilisa FE | 1,2- | dihydroxypropane | | dowfrost | 2- | hydroxypropanol | | ilexan P | | PG | | prolugen | | propan-1,2-diol | 1,2- | propane diol | dextro,laevo-1,2- | propane diol | | propane-1,2-diol | 1,2- | propane-diol | (±)-1,2- | propanediol | (RS)-1,2- | propanediol | 1,2- | propanediol | 1,2-(RS)- | propanediol | DL-1,2- | propanediol | (±)- | propylene glycol | 1,2- | propylene glycol | alpha- | propylene glycol | mono- | propylene glycol | | propylene glycol natural | | propylene glycol USP | 1,2- | propyleneglycol | 1,2- | propylenglykol | | propylenglykol (pharma) | | sirlene | | solargard P | | trimethyl glycol | | ucar 35 |
Articles:
PubMed: | Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins. |
PubMed: | Pharmaceutical optimization of lipid-based dosage forms for the improvement of taste-masking, chemical stability and solubilizing capacity of phenobarbital. |
PubMed: | Toxic effects of some synthetic food colorants and/or flavor additives on male rats. |
PubMed: | Antilisterial activity of hops beta acids in broth with or without other antimicrobials. |
PubMed: | Influence of flavor solvent on flavor release and perception in sugar-free chewing gum. |
PubMed: | The effect of solvent interactions on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin/flavor molecular inclusion complexes. |
PubMed: | Flavor release and perception in hard candy: influence of flavor compound-flavor solvent interactions. |
PubMed: | Amino acid catabolism and generation of volatiles by lactic acid bacteria. |
PubMed: | Furfural-cysteine model reaction in food grade nonionic oil/water microemulsions for selective flavor formation. |
PubMed: | beta-D(+) glucose-glucose oxidase-catalase for use as an antioxidant system. |
PubMed: | Ingestive and locomotor behaviours induced by pharmacological manipulation of <Alpha>-adrenoceptors into the median raphe nucleus. |
PubMed: | Efficacy of Heparinoid PSS in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases and Beyond-A Review of 27 Years Clinical Experiences in China. |
PubMed: | Chemical Additive To Enhance Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorine and Control Cross-Contamination during Immersion Chill of Broiler Carcasses. |
PubMed: | E-cigarettes: The lingering questions. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins. |
PubMed: | Quercetin, a natural dietary flavonoid, acts as a chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer in an in vivo model by inhibiting the EGFR signaling pathway. |
PubMed: | Effects of alkaline concentration, temperature, and additives on the strength of alkaline-induced egg white gel. |
PubMed: | Effects of propylene glycol alginate and sucrose esters on the physicochemical properties of modified starch-stabilized beverage emulsions. |
PubMed: | Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems for polyunsaturated (ω-3) oils: formation using a spontaneous emulsification method. |
PubMed: | Combination of telmisartan with cisplatin controls oral cancer cachexia in rats. |
PubMed: | Thymol nanoemulsified by whey protein-maltodextrin conjugates: the enhanced emulsifying capacity and antilisterial properties in milk by propylene glycol. |
PubMed: | Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2012. |
PubMed: | Improving the capacity of polypropylene to be used in antioxidant active films: incorporation of plasticizer and natural antioxidants. |
PubMed: | Dermal absorption and hydrolysis of methylparaben in different vehicles through intact and damaged skin: using a pig-ear model in vitro. |
PubMed: | Ketosis treatment in lactating dairy cattle. |
PubMed: | Impact of flavour solvent (propylene glycol or triacetin) on vanillin, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, 2,4-decadienal, 2,4-heptadienal, structural parameters and sensory perception of shortcake biscuits over accelerated shelf life testing. |
PubMed: | Nanovesicles system for rapid-onset sublingual delivery containing sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. |
PubMed: | Multi-analyte approach for determining the extraction of tobacco constituents from pouched snus by consumers during use. |
PubMed: | Engineering a cyanobacterium as the catalyst for the photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to 1,2-propanediol. |
PubMed: | Exposure of German residents to ethylene and propylene glycol ethers in general and after cleaning scenarios. |
PubMed: | Cryopreservation of rabbit semen: comparing the effects of different cryoprotectants, cryoprotectant-free vitrification, and the use of albumin plus osmoprotectants on sperm survival and fertility after standard vapor freezing and vitrification. |
PubMed: | Food avoidance diets for systemic, lip, and oral contact allergy: an american contact alternatives group article. |
PubMed: | Enhanced inactivation of Salmonella and Pseudomonas biofilms on stainless steel by use of T-128, a fresh-produce washing aid, in chlorinated wash solutions. |
PubMed: | Mechanisms of propylene glycol and triacetin pyrolysis. |
PubMed: | Electronic cigarettes: achieving a balanced perspective. |
PubMed: | Toxic effects of some synthetic food colorants and/or flavor additives on male rats. |
PubMed: | Evaluation of porous starch as a flavour carrier. |
PubMed: | Effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on primary drinking in rats. |
PubMed: | Baccharis dracunculifolia, the main source of green propolis, exhibits potent antioxidant activity and prevents oxidative mitochondrial damage. |
PubMed: | Reformulating polycaprolactone fumarate to eliminate toxic diethylene glycol: effects of polymeric branching and autoclave sterilization on material properties. |
PubMed: | Bioplastics from feather quill. |
PubMed: | Aphids preserved in propylene glycol can be used for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection of Potato virus Y. |
PubMed: | Quantitative evaluation of the sensitivity of library-based Raman spectral correlation methods. |
PubMed: | Safety and toxicology of cyclosporine in propylene glycol after 9-month aerosol exposure to beagle dogs. |
PubMed: | Percutaneous penetration of 5-methoxypsoralen in rhesus monkeys. |
PubMed: | Detection of diethylene glycol adulteration in propylene glycol--method validation through a multi-instrument collaborative study. |
PubMed: | Assessment of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, propylene glycol, polysorbate 80, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for use in developmental and reproductive toxicology studies. |
PubMed: | Captures of pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and nontarget insects in BioLure and torula yeast traps in Hawaii. |
PubMed: | Physical properties of gum karaya-starch-essential oil patches. |
PubMed: | A pilot study of emollient therapy for the primary prevention of atopic dermatitis. |
PubMed: | Effects of microbial inoculants on corn silage fermentation, microbial contents, aerobic stability, and milk production under field conditions. |
PubMed: | Comprehensive investigation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, propylene glycol, polysorbate 80, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin for use in general toxicology studies. |
PubMed: | Simplified assay of diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol in various raw materials by capillary gas chromatography. |
PubMed: | Pectin, alginate and gum arabic polymers reduce citric acid erosion effects on human enamel. |
PubMed: | In vitro enhancement of lactate esters on the percutaneous penetration of drugs with different lipophilicity. |
PubMed: | Assessment of the antioxidant potential of selected plant extracts--in vitro and in vivo experiments on pork. |
PubMed: | Assessment of the genotoxicity of three cryoprotectants used for human oocyte vitrification: dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. |
PubMed: | Microbial production and applications of 1,2-propanediol. |
PubMed: | Sucrose: A prospering and sustainable organic raw material. |
PubMed: | Effects of feeding propylene glycol on dry matter intake, lactation performance, energy balance and blood metabolites in early lactation dairy cows. |
PubMed: | Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of ethyl N(alpha)-lauroyl-L-arginate hydrochloride in human volunteers. |
PubMed: | Chiral separation of catechins in buckwheat groats and the effects of phenolic compounds in mice subjected to restraint stress. |
PubMed: | Systemic contact dermatitis. |
PubMed: | Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy based investigation on propylene glycol toxicosis in a Holstein cow. |
PubMed: | Transient high glycaemic intake in the last trimester of pregnancy increases offspring birthweight and postnatal growth rate in sheep: a randomised control trial. |
PubMed: | Understanding the human salivary metabolome. |
PubMed: | Effects of polyols on the stability of whey proteins in intermediate-moisture food model systems. |
PubMed: | Antilisterial activity of hops beta acids in broth with or without other antimicrobials. |
PubMed: | Ice recrystallization inhibition in ice cream by propylene glycol monostearate. |
PubMed: | Contact dermatitis associated with food: retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001-2004. |
PubMed: | Suitability of cryoprotectants and impregnation protocols for embryos of Japanese whiting Sillago japonica. |
PubMed: | Influence of flavor solvent on flavor release and perception in sugar-free chewing gum. |
PubMed: | Effect of restricted feeding and monopropylene glycol postpartum on metabolic hormones and postpartum anestrus in grazing dairy heifers. |
PubMed: | Systemic contact dermatitis from propylene glycol. |
PubMed: | Plasticizer types and coating methods affect quality and shelf life of eggs coated with chitosan. |
PubMed: | Production diseases of the transition cow. |
PubMed: | Intratracheal administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide elicits pulmonary hypertension in broilers with primed airways. |
PubMed: | Beta-carotene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. |
PubMed: | The effect of feeding propylene glycol to dairy cows during the early postpartum period on follicular dynamics and on metabolic parameters related to fertility. |
PubMed: | Preclinical safety evaluation of inhaled cyclosporine in propylene glycol. |
PubMed: | Acceptance and purchase intent of US consumers for nonwheat rice butter cakes. |
PubMed: | Emissions from cooking microwave popcorn. |
PubMed: | Generation of quinoneimine intermediates in the bioactivation of 3-(N-phenylamino)alanine (PAA) by human liver microsomes: a potential link between eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and toxic oil syndrome. |
PubMed: | Structural study of BSA/poly(ethylene glycol) lipid conjugate complexes. |
PubMed: | In vitro bioactivation of 3-(N-phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol by human and rat liver microsomes and recombinant P450 enzymes. Implications for toxic oil syndrome. |
PubMed: | Ruminal fermentation of propylene glycol and glycerol. |
PubMed: | Bioavailability of seocalcitol III. Administration of lipid-based formulations to minipigs in the fasted and fed state. |
PubMed: | Phospholipid-based microemulsions suitable for use in foods. |
PubMed: | The effects of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and Pediococcus pentosaceus R1094 on the fermentation of corn silage. |
PubMed: | Production of ascorbyl palmitate by surfactant-coated lipase in organic media. |
PubMed: | Microemulsions as transdermal drug delivery vehicles. |
PubMed: | Analysis of ingested material and urine by GC-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy: poisoning of an adult with adulterated soda. |
PubMed: | Characterizing NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes of Methylobacterium extorquens and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Elsanta). |
PubMed: | Synthesis and stability studies of the glutathione and N-acetylcysteine adducts of an iminoquinone reactive intermediate generated in the biotransformation of 3-(N-phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol: implications for toxic oil syndrome. |
PubMed: | Influence of a test preservative on sponge cakes under different storage conditions. |
PubMed: | NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Propylene Glycol (PG). |
PubMed: | Effects of the combination of hydrophobic polypeptides, iso-alpha acids, and malto-oligosaccharides on beer foam stability. |
PubMed: | Effects of hydrophilic plasticizers on mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of chitosan films. |
PubMed: | On the generation and outcome of 3-(N-phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol derivatives in deodorized model oils related to toxic oil syndrome. |
PubMed: | Fate of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto the surface of model Turkey frankfurter pieces treated with zein coatings containing nisin, sodium diacetate, and sodium lactate at 4 degrees C. |
PubMed: | The effect of solvent interactions on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin/flavor molecular inclusion complexes. |
PubMed: | Prolactin-induced parental hyperphagia in ring doves: are glucocorticoids involved? |
PubMed: | Prevention of homocysteine thiolactone induced atherogenesis in rats. |
PubMed: | Flavor release and perception in hard candy: influence of flavor compound-flavor solvent interactions. |
PubMed: | Influence of aroma compounds on the mechanical properties of pectin gels. |
PubMed: | Robust and sensitive monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the herbicide molinate. |
PubMed: | Toxicological and metabolic investigations of the safety of N-alpha-lauroyl-L-arginine ethyl ester monohydrochloride (LAE). |
PubMed: | Toxicity of excipients--a Food and Drug Administration perspective. |
PubMed: | Estimation of inorganic food additive (nitrite, nitrate and sulfur dioxide), antioxidant (BHA and BHT), processing agent (propylene glycol) and sweetener (sodium saccharin) concentrations in foods and their daily intake based on official inspection results in Japan in fiscal year 1998. |
PubMed: | [Simultaneous analysis of four kinds of emulsifiers in beverages by GC/MS]. |
PubMed: | Accumulation of 1,2-propanediol and enhancement of aerobic stability in whole crop maize silage inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri. |
PubMed: | Human volunteer study with PGME: eye irritation during vapour exposure. |
PubMed: | Self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance, microstructure transitions, and solubilization capacity of phytosterols and cholesterol in Winsor IV food-grade microemulsions. |
PubMed: | Effect of various doses of palm vitamin E and tocopherol on aspirin-induced gastric lesions in rats. |
PubMed: | [Induction of CuZn-SOD mRNA expression and activity by PGMS in rat liver]. |
PubMed: | Oxygen permeability of films made from CO2-precipitated casein and modified casein. |
PubMed: | Food-grade microemulsions based on nonionic emulsifiers: media to enhance lycopene solubilization. |
PubMed: | An examination of the physical properties, fate, ecotoxicity and potential environmental risks for a series of propylene glycol ethers. |
PubMed: | [Kooroo color: 90-day dietary toxicity study in F344 rats]. |
PubMed: | Occurrence of 3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and related compounds in foods: a review. |
PubMed: | Lipase-assisted generation of 2-methyl-3-furanthiol and 2-furfurylthiol from thioacetates. |
PubMed: | Furfural-cysteine model reaction in food grade nonionic oil/water microemulsions for selective flavor formation. |
PubMed: | Experimental exposure to propylene glycol mist in aviation emergency training: acute ocular and respiratory effects. |
PubMed: | Metabolism of (R)- and (S)-3-(phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol in C57BL/6- and A/J-strain mice. Identification of new metabolites with potential toxicological significance to the toxic oil syndrome. |
PubMed: | Improved oil solubilization in oil/water food grade microemulsions in the presence of polyols and ethanol. |
PubMed: | Plasticizer effect on oxygen permeability of beta-lactoglobulin films. |
PubMed: | Changes in susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced liver injury by the organic anion indocyanine green. |
PubMed: | Antioxidant prevention of Heinz body formation and oxidative injury in cats. |
PubMed: | Conversion of sugars to 1,2-propanediol by Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum HG-8. |
PubMed: | Stabilization of Aldehydes as Propylene Glycol Acetals. |
PubMed: | Formation of Sterilized Edible Films Based on Caseinates: Effects of Calcium and Plasticizers. |
PubMed: | Dry cow management for the prevention of ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows. |
PubMed: | Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. |
PubMed: | Synergistic effects of food colors on the toxicity of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. |
PubMed: | Galloylglucosides from berries of Pimenta dioica. |
PubMed: | Biotransformation and clearance of 3-(phenylamino)propane-1,2-diol, a compound present in samples related to toxic oil syndrome, in C57BL/6 and A/J mice. |
PubMed: | [Biochemical and molecular characterization of Salmonella ser. enteritidis phage type 1 isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in Tokyo]. |
PubMed: | Drug compatibility with the sponge phases formed in monoolein, water, and propylene glycol or poly(ethylene glycol). |
PubMed: | Update on media for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from foods. |
PubMed: | Intestinal absorption of luteolin and luteolin 7-O-beta-glucoside in rats and humans. |
PubMed: | Pathology of the oropharyngeal cavity in six strains of rats: predisposition of Fischer 344 rats for inflammatory and degenerative changes. |
PubMed: | Dermal penetration of 4"-(epi-methylamino)-4"-deoxyavermectin B1a benzoate in the rhesus monkey. |
PubMed: | Pharmacokinetics of cisapride in horses after intravenous and rectal administration. |
PubMed: | [Biochemical and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovar enteritidis phage type 4 isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in Tokyo]. |
PubMed: | Safety of milbemycin as an oral or bath treatment for the tropical freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare. |
PubMed: | Effect of method of delivery of propylene glycol on plasma metabolites of feed-restricted cattle. |
PubMed: | "Inactive" ingredients in pharmaceutical products: update (subject review). American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. |
PubMed: | Systemic contact dermatitis caused by ingestion of certain foods in propylene glycol-sensitive patients. |
PubMed: | Hematological alterations in propylene glycol-dosed female rats are minimal. |
PubMed: | In vitro measurement of beta-carotene cleavage activity: methodological considerations and the effect of other carotenoids on beta-carotene cleavage. |
PubMed: | Effect of propylene glycol dosage during feed restriction on metabolites in blood of prepartum Holstein heifers. |
PubMed: | An investigation into the discriminative stimulus and reinforcing properties of the CCKB-receptor antagonist, L-365,260 in rats. |
PubMed: | Assessment of the reproductive and developmental toxicity of pesticide/fertilizer mixtures based on confirmed pesticide contamination in California and Iowa groundwater. |
PubMed: | Hematologic response of adult brown mink to oxidative stress. |
PubMed: | Confirmation of identities of propylene and ethylene glycols in anchovies by tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed: | Specific solute effects on Staphylococcus aureus cells subjected to reduced water activity. |
PubMed: | Propylene glycol-induced skeletal muscle excitation. |
PubMed: | Hematological alterations in kittens induced by 6 and 12% dietary propylene glycol. |
PubMed: | Caloric vs. pharmacologic effects of ethanol consumption on activity anorexia in rats. |
PubMed: | Dietary effects of propylene glycol alginate in humans. |
PubMed: | Taste responses of dogs to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol-based antifreeze. |
PubMed: | Mechanisms and variations in the food effect on propranolol bioavailability. |
PubMed: | New plate medium for facilitated differentiation of Salmonella spp. from Proteus spp. and other enteric bacteria. |
PubMed: | Subchronic nose-only inhalation study of propylene glycol in Sprague-Dawley rats. |
PubMed: | Contribution of propylene glycol-induced Heinz body formation to anemia in cats. |
PubMed: | The migration of propylene glycol, mono-, di-, and triethylene glycols from regenerated cellulose film into food. |
PubMed: | Safety and toxicological profile of the new antitussive levodropropizine. |
PubMed: | Inhibition of lipolytic activity in milk by polysaccharides. |
PubMed: | Pancreatic carcinogenesis in azaserine-treated rats: inhibition by a solvent mixture in the diet. |
PubMed: | The metabolic disposition of [methoxy-14C]-labelled trans-anethole, estragole and p-propylanisole in human volunteers. |
PubMed: | Dose-response relationship in complete oral 4NQO-carcinogenesis in rats. |
PubMed: | Studies on benzyl acetate. I. Effect of dose size and vehicle on the plasma pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [methylene-14C]benzyl acetate in the rat. |
PubMed: | Maternal social stress disrupts reproduction of hamsters drinking high-calorie fluids. |
PubMed: | Effect of chemical dips on unchilled fresh beef inoculated with E. coli, S. aureus, S. faecalis and Cl. perfringens and Stored at 30°C and 20°C. |
PubMed: | Teratologic evaluation of inhaled propylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats and rabbits. |
PubMed: | Metabolism of anethole. II. Influence of dose size on the route of metabolism of trans-anethole in the rat and mouse. |
PubMed: | Metabolism of anethole. I. Pathways of metabolism in the rat and mouse. |
PubMed: | Comparative study of methods chosen by the Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) for evaluating sensitizing potential in the albino guinea-pig. |
PubMed: | The acute toxicity of perfluorooctanoic and perfluorodecanoic acids in male rats and effects on tissue fatty acids. |
PubMed: | The management of propylene glycol-sensitive patients. |
PubMed: | Teratologic evaluation of synthetic delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rabbits. |
PubMed: | Prediction of water activity, a(w), in cook-soak equilibrated intermediate moisture meats. |
PubMed: | Propylene glycol dermatitis. |
PubMed: | Toxicity of delta9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administered subcutaneously for 13 days to female rabbits. |
PubMed: | Nutritional application and implication of 1,3-butanediol. |
PubMed: | Long-term toxicity of propylene glycol in rats. |
PubMed: | [Hyperglycemic action of propylene glycol]. |
PubMed: | Results of feeding propylene glycol in the diet to dogs for two years. |
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