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Category:licorice and licorice derivatives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: anise |
| licorice |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. licorice |
| Flavor Type: anise |
| licorice |
| Taste Description: licorice |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | licorice and licorice derivatives |
| Recommendation for glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome/root usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 75.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 130.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | 3200.00000 |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 460.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome/root |
| Chemidplus:0977004311 |
References:
| | glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome/root |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135274690 |
Other Information:
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | glycyrrhiza glabra root powder/paste | | | licorice rhizome/root | | | plant material derived from the dried rhizomes and roots of the licorice, glycyrrhiza glabra l., leguminosae |
Articles:
| PubMed:Comparative Analysis of Antibacterial Properties and Chemical Composition of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from Astrakhan Region (Russia) and Calabria Region (Italy). |
| PubMed:Evaluation of sodium benzoate and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract as heat-sensitizing additives against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mildly heated young coconut liquid endosperm. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of Hippocampal CA3 Neuronal Dendritic Arborization by Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract Treatment in Wistar Albino Rats. |
| PubMed:Qualitative identification of dibenzoylmethane in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:A Simple Semi-preparative Reversed-phase HPLC/PDA Method for Separation and Quantification of Glycyrrhizin in Nine Samples of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root Collected from Different Geographical Origins. |
| PubMed:Liquorice, a unique "guide drug" of traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its role in drug interactions. |
| PubMed:Absolute configuration of naturally occurring glabridin. |
| PubMed:Beneficial effect of aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on learning and memory using different behavioral models: An experimental study. |
| PubMed:Transdermal microemulsions of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.: characterization, stability and evaluation of antioxidant potential. |
| PubMed:Improving the thrombin inhibitory activity of glycyrrhizin, a triterpenic saponin, through a molecular simplification of the carbohydrate moiety. |
| PubMed:Glycyrrhizin ameliorates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome-X in rat model. |
| PubMed:Comparison of three officinal Chinese pharmacopoeia species of Glycyrrhiza based on separation and quantification of triterpene saponins and chemometrics analysis. |
| PubMed:Effect of GutGard in the Management of Helicobacter pylori: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study. |
| PubMed:Application of Glycyrrhiza glabra root as a novel adsorbent in the removal of toluene vapors: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study. |
| PubMed:Anti-convulsant action and amelioration of oxidative stress by Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract in pentylenetetrazole- induced seizure in albino rats. |
| PubMed:[Genetic effects of root extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on different test-systems]. |
| PubMed:In vitro studies on protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts against cadmium-induced genetic and oxidative damage in human lymphocytes. |
| PubMed:Treatment of licorice seeds with colchicine: changes in seedling DNA levels and anthocyanin and glycyrrhizic acid contents of derived callus cultures. |
| PubMed:Chromolithic method development, validation and system suitability analysis of ultra-sound assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
| PubMed:High throughput screening to identify natural human monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. |
| PubMed:An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts. |
| PubMed:Licorice induced hypokalemia, edema, and thrombocytopenia. |
| PubMed:Licochalcone a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:ISSR and RAPD based evaluation of genetic stability of encapsulated micro shoots of Glycyrrhiza glabra following 6 months of storage. |
| PubMed:Glycyrrhizin and long-term histopathologic changes in a murine model of asthma. |
| PubMed:Biogeography of symbiotic and other endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal Glycyrrhiza species in China. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard™). |
| PubMed:Agonistic and antagonistic estrogens in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). |
| PubMed:Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents. |
| PubMed:Ameliorative effects of glycyrrhizin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activity of the Leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera Grown in Iran, as a Possible Renewable Source for Anticonvulsant Compounds. |
| PubMed:Black licorice ingestion: Yet another confounding agent in patients with melena. |
| PubMed:Metabolic profiling of roots of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) from different geographical areas by ESI/MS/MS and determination of major metabolites by LC-ESI/MS and LC-ESI/MS/MS. |
| PubMed:Leaves Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |
| PubMed:Dual inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard™) on COX and LOX products. |
| PubMed:18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits periodontitis via glucocorticoid-independent nuclear factor-κB inactivation in interleukin-10-deficient mice. |
| PubMed:The effect of licorice drink on the systemic exposure of verapamil in rabbits. |
| PubMed:The Effect of Licorice Drink on the Systemic Exposure of Verapamil in Rabbits. |
| PubMed:Natural anti-inflammatory products and leukotriene inhibitors as complementary therapy for bronchial asthma. |
| PubMed:Antidyslipidaemic activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in high fructose diet induced dsyslipidaemic Syrian golden hamsters. |
| PubMed:Licorice and licochalcone-A induce autophagy in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by suppression of Bcl-2 expression and the mTOR pathway. |
| PubMed:A rapid screening method for prenylated flavonoids with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in licorice root extracts. |
| PubMed:Hepatoprotective and anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of glycyrrhizin and matrine. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra root using in vitro models. |
| PubMed:[Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding Psammosilene tunicoides squalene synthase]. |
| PubMed:Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid from licorice, plays a dual role in regulating gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:In vitro effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on the growth of clinical isolates of Candida albicans. |
| PubMed:Anti-proliferative effect of licochalcone A on vascular smooth muscle cells. |
| PubMed:Glycyrrhizin reduces secondary inflammatory process after spinal cord compression injury in mice. |
| PubMed:Glycyrrhizin attenuates the development of carrageenan-induced lung injury in mice. |
| PubMed:Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid from licorice, relaxes guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo: role of cGMP/PKG pathway. |
| PubMed:Activation of rapid signaling pathways and the subsequent transcriptional regulation for the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by the treatment with an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root. |
| PubMed:Role of P-glycoprotein in limiting the brain penetration of glabridin, an active isoflavan from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
| PubMed:Chemoprofile and bioactivities of Taverniera cuneifolia (Roth) Arn.: a wild relative and possible substitute of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |
| PubMed:Role of P-glycoprotein in the intestinal absorption of glabridin, an active flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
| PubMed:Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn) in rats. |
| PubMed:Protective effects of isoliquiritigenin in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous HPLC analysis, with isocratic elution, of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid in liquorice roots and confectionery products. |
| PubMed:Chemopreventive properties of the ethanol extract of chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) root: induction of apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Effect of licorice root on peripheral blood indexes upon vibration exposure. |
| PubMed:Separation and analysis of glycyrrhizin, 18beta-glycyrrhetic acid and 18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid in liquorice roots by means of capillary zone electrophoresis. |
| PubMed:Assays of physical stability and antioxidant activity of a topical formulation added with different plant extracts. |
| PubMed:Licorice flavonoids suppress abdominal fat accumulation and increase in blood glucose level in obese diabetic KK-A(y) mice. |
| PubMed:[Effects of nutrient solution concentration on inorganic and glycyrrhizin contents of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn]. |
| PubMed:Licochalcone-A, a novel flavonoid isolated from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), causes G2 and late-G1 arrests in androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Differential expression of three oxidosqualene cyclase mRNAs in Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
| PubMed:Isoliquiritigenin inhibits the growth of prostate cancer. |
| PubMed:Chemical modification of glycyrrhizic acid as a route to new bioactive compounds for medicine. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant effect of licorice root on blood catalase activity in vibration stress. |
| PubMed:Protection of DNA and microsomal membranes in vitro by Glycyrrhiza glabra L. against gamma irradiation. |
| PubMed:Immunological studies of Revitonil, a phytopharmaceutical containing Echinacea purpurea and Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract. |
| PubMed:[Comparative study of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza echinata L. of different origin. Medicinal plant polysaccharides III]. |
| PubMed:Flavonoid constituents from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of the dimethylallyl moiety of glabrol in Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures via a non-mevalonate pathway. |
| PubMed:Antimicrobial flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures. |
| PubMed:Activation of macrophages by crude polysaccharide fractions obtained from shoots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and hairy roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in vitro. |
| PubMed:[Polysaccharides of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza echinata L. Medicinal plants II]. |
| PubMed:Seasonal variation of glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin glycosides in the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |
| PubMed:Structural aspects of the inhibitory effect of glabridin on LDL oxidation. |
| PubMed:The antioxidative effects of the isoflavan glabridin on endogenous constituents of LDL during its oxidation. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant constituents from licorice roots: isolation, structure elucidation and antioxidative capacity toward LDL oxidation. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of human complement by beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. |
| PubMed:Distribution Pattern of Saponins in Different Organs of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
| PubMed:A further contribution to the triterpenoid constituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |
| PubMed:Triterpenoid biosynthesis in tissue cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid by cell suspension cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
| PubMed:Examination of triterpenoids produced by callus and cell suspension cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |
| PubMed:[Identification of some flavonic aglycones in root extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L]. |
| PubMed:Isolation of two new flavonoids from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. typica. |
| PubMed:[Differences between the root and rhizome of Ural licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) and those of smooth licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)]. |
| PubMed:[Liquiritoside, flavonoside from root of licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L]. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard™). |
| PubMed:Exploring the possible metabolism mediated interaction of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. |
| PubMed:Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in mice. |
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