PubMed:Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Properties of Magnetic γ-Fe2O3/C Nanocomposite. |
PubMed:Films based on oxidized starch and cellulose from barley. |
PubMed:Effects of Graphene Oxide and Oxidized Carbon Nanotubes on the Cellular Division, Microstructure, Uptake, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Profiles. |
PubMed:The Use of Dialdehyde Starch Derivatives in the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals. |
PubMed:Performance properties and antibacterial activity of crosslinked films of quaternary ammonium modified starch and poly(vinyl alcohol). |
PubMed:Discovery of the combined oxidative cleavage of plant xylan and cellulose by a new fungal polysaccharide monooxygenase. |
PubMed:Characterization of films based on chitosan lactate and its blends with oxidized starch and gelatin. |
PubMed:Thermal degradation behavior of hypochlorite-oxidized starch nanocrystals under different oxidized levels. |
PubMed:Catalytic and thermodynamic properties of glycosylated Bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. |
PubMed:Interaction of carbohydrates with alcohol dehydrogenase: Effect on enzyme activity. |
PubMed:Controlled uptake and release of lysozyme from glycerol diglycidyl ether cross-linked oxidized starch microgel. |
PubMed:ATP-dependent molecular chaperones in plastids--More complex than expected. |
PubMed:Conjugates of degraded and oxidized hydroxyethyl starch and sulfonylureas: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo antidiabetic activity. |
PubMed:Physicochemical properties of cassava starch oxidized by sodium hypochlorite. |
PubMed:Efficacy of hemostatic matrix and microporous polysaccharide hemospheres. |
PubMed:Physical and chemical indices of cucumber seedling leaves under dibutyl phthalate stress. |
PubMed:The role of the large subunit in redox regulation of the rice endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. |
PubMed:Structure, morphology and functionality of acetylated and oxidised barley starches. |
PubMed:Tryptophan requirement of pregnant sows. |
PubMed:Fruits, vegetables and their polyphenols protect dietary lipids from oxidation during gastric digestion. |
PubMed:A comparative study of neurotoxic potential of synthesized polysaccharide-coated and native ferritin-based magnetic nanoparticles. |
PubMed:[Determination of the carboxyl content of oxidized starch by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy]. |
PubMed:The physico-chemical properties and biostimulative activities of humic substances regenerated from lignite. |
PubMed:Application of oxidized starch in bake-only chicken nuggets. |
PubMed:Design of starch-graft-PEI polymers: an effective and biodegradable gene delivery platform. |
PubMed:Determination of nickel in water, food, and biological samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration on modified carbon nanotubes. |
PubMed:Description of Thermogemmatispora carboxidivorans sp. nov., a carbon-monoxide-oxidizing member of the class Ktedonobacteria isolated from a geothermally heated biofilm, and analysis of carbon monoxide oxidation by members of the class Ktedonobacteria. |
PubMed:Tobacco seeds expressing feedback-insensitive cystathionine gamma-synthase exhibit elevated content of methionine and altered primary metabolic profile. |
PubMed:Changes in food caused by deep fat frying--a review. |
PubMed:Overexpression of plastidial thioredoxins f and m differentially alters photosynthetic activity and response to oxidative stress in tobacco plants. |
PubMed:Arabidopsis thaliana AMY3 is a unique redox-regulated chloroplastic α-amylase. |
PubMed:Translucent tissue defect in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers is associated with oxidative stress accompanying an accelerated aging phenotype. |
PubMed:Effects of intrajugular glucose infusion on feed intake, milk yield, and metabolic responses of early postpartum cows fed diets varying in protein and starch concentration. |
PubMed:Integrated analysis of seed proteome and mRNA oxidation reveals distinct post-transcriptional features regulating dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). |
PubMed:A study of controlled uptake and release of anthocyanins by oxidized starch microgels. |
PubMed:Influence of oxidized starch on the properties of thermoplastic starch. |
PubMed:Deciphering the kinetic mechanisms controlling selected plant ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases. |
PubMed:The composites based on plasticized starch and carbon nanotubes. |
PubMed:The composites based on plasticized starch and graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide. |
PubMed:Oxidation and degradation of native wheat starch by acidic bromate in water at room temperature. |
PubMed:Fast and efficient benign oxidation of native wheat starch by acidic bromate under microwave activation. |
PubMed:A comparative study of the characteristics of cross-linked, oxidized and dual-modified rice starches. |
PubMed:Reduction-oxidation photocycle dynamics of flavins in starch films. |
PubMed:Enzymatic degradation behavior and cytocompatibility of silk fibroin-starch-chitosan conjugate membranes. |
PubMed:Cold-acclimation limits low temperature induced photoinhibition by promoting a higher photochemical quantum yield and a more effective PSII restoration in darkness in the Antarctic rather than the Andean ecotype of Colobanthus quitensis Kunt Bartl (Cariophyllaceae). |
PubMed:Extrusion and characterization of thermoplastic starch sheets from "macho" banana. |
PubMed:Insight into the redox regulation of the phosphoglucan phosphatase SEX4 involved in starch degradation. |
PubMed:Stabilization of protein-loaded starch microgel by polyelectrolytes. |
PubMed:Oxidized starch solutions for environmentally friendly aircraft deicers. |
PubMed:Caffeoylquinic acid-rich extract from chicory seeds improves glycemia, atherogenic index, and antioxidant status in rats. |
PubMed:Comparison of multilayer formation between different cellulose nanofibrils and cationic polymers. |
PubMed:Synthesis of oxidized guar gum by dry method and its application in reactive dye printing. |
PubMed:Antisense suppression of the small chloroplast protein CP12 in tobacco alters carbon partitioning and severely restricts growth. |
PubMed:Dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (V(E)) supplementation modulated methylmercury-mediated changes in markers of cardiovascular diseases in rats. |
PubMed:Oxidation of dietary stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids in growing pigs follows a biphasic pattern. |
PubMed:Lysozyme uptake and release by oxidized starch polymer microgels. |
PubMed:Polysaccharide-based adhesive for biomedical applications: correlation between rheological behavior and adhesion. |
PubMed:Furan formation from lipids in starch-based model systems, as influenced by interactions with antioxidants and proteins. |
PubMed:Thioredoxin-regulated beta-amylase (BAM1) triggers diurnal starch degradation in guard cells, and in mesophyll cells under osmotic stress. |
PubMed:Low catalyst loadings for the production of carboxylic acids from polysaccharides and hydrogen peroxide. |
PubMed:Importance of fat oxidation in starch-based emulsions in the generation of the process contaminant furan. |
PubMed:Lysozyme uptake by oxidized starch polymer microgels. |
PubMed:Polysaccharide gels based on chitosan and modified starch: structural characterization and linear viscoelastic behavior. |
PubMed:Evaluation of different teas against starch digestibility by mammalian glycosidases. |
PubMed:A multisyringe flow injection Winkler-based spectrophotometric analyzer for in-line monitoring of dissolved oxygen in seawater. |
PubMed:Metabolism and functions of L-glutamate in the epithelial cells of the small and large intestines. |
PubMed:Physicochemical and functional properties of ozone-oxidized starch. |
PubMed:The influence of carbon nanotubes on enzyme activity and structure: investigation of different immobilization procedures through enzyme kinetics and circular dichroism studies. |
PubMed:Preparation and characterization of oxidized starch polymer microgels for encapsulation and controlled release of functional ingredients. |
PubMed:Using ozonation and amino acids to change pasting properties of rice starch. |
PubMed:Mediator facilitated, laccase catalysed oxidation of granular potato starch and the physico-chemical characterisation of the oxidized products. |
PubMed:Protective roles of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 in intestinal inflammatory response and oxidative stress after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. |
PubMed:Choice of hemostatic agent influences adhesion formation in a rat cecal adhesion model. |
PubMed:Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 prevents the early pulmonary inflammatory response and oxidative stress after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. |
PubMed:Interfacial structuring in a phase-separating mixed biopolymer solution containing colloidal particles. |
PubMed:Comparative safety and efficacy of topical hemostatic agents in a rat neurosurgical model. |
PubMed:Reaction kinetics of gliadin-glutenin cross-linking in model systems and in bread making. |
PubMed:Sulfur starvation in rice: the effect on photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxidative stress protective pathways. |
PubMed:Physicochemical properties of partially oxidized corn starch from bromide-free TEMPO-mediated reaction. |
PubMed:[Effect of acetylation and oxidation on some properties of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) seed starch]. |
PubMed:Encapsulation of nutraceutical monoterpenes in beta-cyclodextrin and modified starch. |
PubMed:Physicochemical properties of cellulose selectively oxidized with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl oxoammonium ion. |
PubMed:Locations of hypochlorite oxidation in corn starches varying in amylose content. |
PubMed:Changes in redox ratio and protein glycation in precataractous lens from fructose-fed rats: effects of exogenous L-carnitine. |
PubMed:Osmoregulation in Dunaliella, Part I: Effects of osmotic stress on photosynthesis, dark respiration and glycerol metabolism in Dunaliella tertiolecta and its salt-sensitive mutant (HL 25/8). |
PubMed:Colorimetric endpoint assay for enzyme-catalyzed iodide ion release for high-throughput screening in microtiter plates. |
PubMed:Resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch solution prevents nuclear factor kappaB activation and oxidative stress after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. |
PubMed:Regulatory effect of amino acids on the pasting behavior of potato starch is attributable to its binding to the starch chain. |
PubMed:Applications of DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine deplete cellular glutathione and improve white spruce (Picea glauca) somatic embryo development. |
PubMed:Hydrothermal oxidation of waste lipids, protein, and starch from New Zealand meat- and vegetable-processing plants. |
PubMed:Clearance of iron oxide particles in rat liver: effect of hydrated particle size and coating material on liver metabolism. |
PubMed:Redox regulation of a novel plastid-targeted beta-amylase of Arabidopsis. |
PubMed:Carbon balance and circadian regulation of hydrolytic and phosphorolytic breakdown of transitory starch. |
PubMed:Structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of oxidized corn starches varying in amylose content. |
PubMed:[Utilization of glucose and long-chain fatty acids in lactating dairy cows fed a fat-enriched diet]. |
PubMed:[Our experiences with nephrectomy with special emphasis on using biocompatible materials]. |
PubMed:Alterations of the glutathione redox state improve apical meristem structure and somatic embryo quality in white spruce (Picea glauca). |
PubMed:Effects of elevated pCO2 and/or pO3 on C-, N-, and S-metabolites in the leaves of juvenile beech and spruce differ between trees grown in monoculture and mixed culture. |
PubMed:Oxidized and acid thinned starch derivatives of hybrid maize: functional characteristics, wide-angle X-ray diffractometry and thermal properties. |
PubMed:Alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD): a plastidic enzyme with redox-regulated and coordinated catalytic activity and binding affinity. |
PubMed:Evaluation of microporous polysaccharide hemospheres as a novel hemostatic agent in open partial nephrectomy: favorable experimental results in the porcine model. |
PubMed:Oxidized low-density lipoprotein, iron stores, and haptoglobin polymorphism. |
PubMed:Albumin and hydroxyethyl starch modulate oxidative inflammatory injury to vascular endothelium. |
PubMed:Simple and selective method for determination of iodide in pharmaceutical products by flow injection analysis using the iodine-starch reaction. |
PubMed:Atorvastatin enhances cellular uptake of oxidized LDL in adipocytes from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. |
PubMed:Dose-response effects of intrauminal infusion of propionate on feeding behavior of lactating cows in early or midlactation. |
PubMed:Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. |
PubMed:Purification and kinetic properties of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from sugarcane. |
PubMed:Electron flow to photosystem I from stromal reductants in vivo: the size of the pool of stromal reductants controls the rate of electron donation to both rapidly and slowly reducing photosystem I units. |
PubMed:Charring characteristics of atmospheric organic particulate matter in thermal analysis. |
PubMed:Anaerobaculum mobile sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, peptide-fermenting bacterium that uses crotonate as an electron acceptor, and emended description of the genus Anaerobaculum. |
PubMed:Sugar utilization in the hyperthermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain 7324: starch degradation to acetate and CO2 via a modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway and acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming). |
PubMed:Effects of postrumen starch infusion on milk production and energy metabolism in dairy cows. |
PubMed:Activation of spinach pullulanase by reduction results in a decrease in the number of isomeric forms. |
PubMed:Physicochemical and microbiological properties of selected rice flour-based batters for fried chicken drumsticks. |
PubMed:High-protein diets in hyperlipidemia: effect of wheat gluten on serum lipids, uric acid, and renal function. |
PubMed:Modified cotton gauze dressings that selectively absorb neutrophil elastase activity in solution. |
PubMed:Protective role of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer. |
PubMed:Action of Azotobacter vinelandii poly-beta-D-mannuronic acid C-5-epimerase on synthetic D-glucuronans. |
PubMed:Herbs and atherosclerosis. |
PubMed:Hydrolysis and redox factors affecting analysis of common phenolic marker compounds in botanical extracts and finished products. |
PubMed:Adhesion of rice flour-based batter to chicken drumsticks evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy and texture analysis. |
PubMed:Starch-deferoxamine conjugate inhibits hepatocyte Ca2+ uptake during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. |
PubMed:A bioelectrode for penicillin detection based on gluten-membrane-entrapped microbial cells. |
PubMed:Soft tissue adhesive composed of modified gelatin and polysaccharides. |
PubMed:Dietary fibre, lente carbohydrates and the insulin-resistant diseases. |
PubMed:Acute fuel selection in response to high-sucrose and high-starch meals in healthy men. |
PubMed:NC100150 Injection, a preparation of optimized iron oxide nanoparticles for positive-contrast MR angiography. |
PubMed:Activation of the potato tuber ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase by thioredoxin. |
PubMed:'NC100150', a preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles ideal for positive-contrast MR angiography. |
PubMed:Oligosaccharide dehydrogenase-catalyzed assay for the determination of polysaccharides. |
PubMed:Hymenobacter roseosalivarius gen. nov., sp. nov. from continental Antartica soils and sandstone: bacteria of the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium/Bacteroides line of phylogenetic descent. |
PubMed:The role of liver alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the oxidation of glycolethers in male and female rats. |
PubMed:Enzymic analysis of the structure of oxidized potato starches. |
PubMed:Adhesions: pathogenesis and prevention-panel discussion and summary. |
PubMed:Adhesions: preventive strategies. |
PubMed:[The anticoagulant action of the nitric acid ester of oxidized starch]. |
PubMed:Dietary rat models in which the development of hypertriglyceridemia and that of insulin resistance are dissociated. |
PubMed:Antimalarial activity of oxidized starch and cellulose imine derivatives. |
PubMed:Effect of dietary canola oil and its degree of oxidation on exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs. |
PubMed:Lysophosphatidylcholine plays an essential role in the mitogenic effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein on murine macrophages. |
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of Halothermothrix orenii gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic, thermophilic, fermentative, strictly anaerobic bacterium. |
PubMed:Adaptations of Photosynthetic Electron Transport, Carbon Assimilation, and Carbon Partitioning in Transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Plants to Changes in Nitrate Reductase Activity. |
PubMed:Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from different carbohydrate sources during exercise. |
PubMed:The role of type and structure of complex carbohydrates response to physical exercise. |
PubMed:Exogenous substrate oxidation during exercise: studies using isotopic labelling. |
PubMed:Beneficial effect of fluorocarbon reperfusion on postoperative cardiac dysfunction of transplanted heart. |
PubMed:Assay of reducing end-groups in oligosaccharide homologues with 2,2'-bicinchoninate. |
PubMed:Treatment of cerebral ischemia with Dextran-40 or Fluosol DA 20%. |
PubMed:Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment and perfluorochemical administration on glutathione status of the lung. |
PubMed:Regulation of chloroplast metabolism in leaves: Evidence that NADP-dependent glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase, but not ferredoxin-NADP reductase, controls electron flow to phosphoglycerate in the dark-light transition. |
PubMed:Biodegradation of degradable plastic polyethylene by phanerochaete and streptomyces species. |
PubMed:Oxidation of corn starch, glucose, and fructose ingested before exercise. |
PubMed:Starch digestion in normal subjects and patients with pancreatic disease, using a 13CO2 breath test. |
PubMed:Determination of sulphide by anion-exchange with lead iodate. |
PubMed:Chemical stabilization of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger against thermal inactivation. |
PubMed:Potential sorbents for medical and some related applications. |
PubMed:[Selectivity of inhibition of enzyme secretion by the pancreas after introduction of amylase into the duodenum]. |
PubMed:Substrate depletion during formation of aflatoxin and kojic acid on corn inoculated with Aspergillus flavus. |
PubMed:Kinetic characterization of two classes of dog liver alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes. |
PubMed:Metabolism of Monoterpenes : Evidence for the Function of Monoterpene Catabolism in Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Rhizomes. |
PubMed:Fermentative Metabolism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: II. Role of Plastoquinone. |
PubMed:[Properties of modified starches with regard to tendencies of development in nutrition and food production]. |
PubMed:Reductases for carbonyl compounds in human liver. |
PubMed:Physical and enzymatic properties of a class III isozyme of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: chi-ADH. |
PubMed:Conversion of glucose, acetate and lactate to CO2 and fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). |
PubMed:A newly prepared surface-treated oxystarch for removal of urea. |
PubMed:Direct preparation of solid particulates of aminopyrine-barbital complex (pyrabital) from droplets by a spray-drying technique. |
PubMed:Production and Characteristics of Raw Starch-Digesting Glucoamylase O from a Protease-Negative, Glycosidase-Negative Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi Mutant. |
PubMed:Glycogen synthesis versus lipogenesis after a 500 gram carbohydrate meal in man. |
PubMed:N-bromosuccinimide oxidation of a glucoamylase from Aspergillus saitoi. |
PubMed:Chloroplast Respiration : A MEANS OF SUPPLYING OXIDIZED PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE FOR DARK CHLOROPLASTIC METABOLISM. |
PubMed:Starch Degradation in Spinach Leaves: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AMYLASES AND R-ENZYME OF SPINACH LEAVES. |
PubMed:Cultural and biochemical characteristics of clinical isolates of unusual colistin-resistant pseudomonads. |
PubMed:Specific inhibition of glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans. |
PubMed:Preparation of water-soluble high-molecular weight substrates for beta-D-galactosidase. |
PubMed:[The amount of L-dehydroascorbic acid on total-vitamin C of vegetable products (author's transl)]. |
PubMed:Grafting of proteins onto polymer surfaces with the use of oxidized starch. |
PubMed:The sarcoplasmic proteins of white muscle of an antarctic hemoglobin-free fish, Champsocephalus gunnari. |
PubMed:Dietary fiber and cholesterol metabolism in rabbits and rats. |
PubMed:Reduction in hyperlipidemia in hemodialysis patients treated with charcoal and oxidized starch (oxystarch). |
PubMed:Multilayer film elements for clinical analysis: applications to representative chemical determinations. |
PubMed:[Synthesis and properties of carrier-fixed enzymes. VII. Linking of glucoamylase to dialdehyde cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose hydrazide and carboxymethylcellulose azide]. |
PubMed:Mechanism of life prolongation in nephrectomized rats treated with oxidized starch and charcoal. |
PubMed:[Use of topical hemostatic preparations in surgery]. |
PubMed:Sorbents in the management of uremia. |
PubMed:[Intestinal elimination of uremic metabolites by the adsorbents]. |
PubMed:Alcohol metabolism in American Indians and whites. Lack of racial differences in metabolic rate and liver alcohol dehydrogenase. |
PubMed:[Changes in the nutritive physiological value of proteins modified by dialdehyde starch]. |
PubMed:Mechanism of urea nitrogen binding by proposed oxidized starch gastrointestinal absorbents. |
PubMed:Oxidase-peroxidase enzymes of Datura innoxia. Oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in the presence of formylphenylacetic acid ethyl ester. |
PubMed:Hemoglobin Syracuse (alpha2beta2-143(H21)His leads to Pro), a new high-affinity variant detected by special electrophoretic methods. Observations on the auto-oxidation of normal and variant hemoglobins. |
PubMed:Life prolongation in nephrectomized rats fed oxidized starch and charcoal. |
PubMed:Oxycellulose and ammonia-treated oxystarch as insoluble polyaldehydes in uremia. |
PubMed:Potassium and nitrogen binding in the human gut by ingested oxidized starch (OS). |
PubMed:Altered electrophoretic mobility of oxidized phosphoglucomutase. |
PubMed:Genetic variants of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes: unique properties of the A - variant isolated from "deficient" cells. |
PubMed:Microiodometric determination of beta-lactamase activity. |
PubMed:Removal of uremic waste metabolites from the intestinal tract by encapsulated carbon and oxidized starch. |
PubMed:Formation of hemichromes from oxidized hemoglobin subunits. |
PubMed:[Synthesis of oxidized starch (oligouronic acid)]. |
PubMed:Glucose and glycogen metabolism in erythrocytes from normal and glycogen storage disease type III subjects. |
PubMed:Comparison of oxidative metabolism in starved, fat-fed and carbohydrate-fed rats. |
PubMed:Electrophoretic and other studies on haem pigments from Rhodopseudomonas palustris: cytochrome 552 and cytochromoid c. |
PubMed:Heterogeneity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase on starch-gel electrophoresis. |
PubMed:[STUDIES ON THE ALPHA (1, 4) POLYSACCHARIDES OF GLUCURONIC ACID AND GLUCOSE. V. A NEW METHOD TO DETERMINE THE URONIC ACID RESIDUES IN POLYURONIC ACIDS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE NITRIC ACID OXIDIZED STARCHES]. |
PubMed:[STUDIES ON THE NITRIC ACID OXIDIZED STARCHES. V. MAIN AND SIDE REACTIONS IN THE OXIDATION OF STARCHES BY NITRIC ACID]. |
PubMed:[Colorimetric determination of glucuronic acid in the presence of oxidized starch]. |
PubMed:Studies on oxidized starch sulfates for medical purposes. I. Synthesis of sulfates of oxidized starch and its derivatives. |
PubMed:Studies on oxidized starch sulfates for medical purposes. V. Investigation on the complex of pepsin with sulfates of oxidized starch and its reduced products. |
PubMed:Studies on oxidized starch sulfates for medical purposes. IV. Protective effect of sulfates of oxidized starch and its reduced products on experimental peptic ulceration. |
PubMed:Studies on oxidized starch sulfates for medical purposes. III. Inhibition of the proteolytic action of pepsin by sulfates of oxidized starch and its reduced products. |
PubMed:Studies on oxidized starch sulfates for medical purposes. II. Anticoagulant activity of sulfates of oxidized starch and its derivatives. |
PubMed:Nutritional value of chemically modified corn starches. |