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Category:spices, other natural seasonings and flavorings
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | yellow to golden brown powder (est) |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: herbal |
| saffron |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. saffron |
| Flavor Type: herbal |
| saffron |
| Taste Description: saffron |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | spices, other natural seasonings and flavorings |
| contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only) |
| isophorone | Max. Found: 0.2 % and Reason: Insufficint data |
| Recommendation for saffron usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 10.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 1.30000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | 200.00000 |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | - |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | 260.00000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| FDA Color Additive Status List | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | c.i. 75100 | | | ci 75100 | | | crocus sativus | | | natural yellow 6 | | | saffron powder | | | saffron, available as 100% certified organic |
Articles:
| PubMed:Energy analyses and greenhouse gas emissions assessment for saffron production cycle. |
| PubMed:Saffron as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities. |
| PubMed:AFLP and MS-AFLP analysis of the variation within saffron crocus (Crocus sativus L.) germplasm. |
| PubMed:GC-MS-olfactometric characterization of the most aroma-active components in a representative aromatic extract from Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Evaluation of antioxidant activities of bioactive compounds and various extracts obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus L.): a review. |
| PubMed:Anti-asthma potential of crocin and its effect on MAPK signaling pathway in a murine model of allergic airway disease. |
| PubMed:Neuropharmacological aspects of Crocus sativus L.: a review of preclinical studies and ongoing clinical research. |
| PubMed:Effects of sulfur water extraction on anthocyanins properties of tepals in flower of saffron (Crocus sativus L). |
| PubMed:Gas chromatography of safranal as preferable method for the commercial grading of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) adulteration with plant adulterants by (1)H NMR metabolite fingerprinting. |
| PubMed:Safranal, a Crocus sativus L constituent suppresses the growth of K-562 cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In silico and in vitro study. |
| PubMed:Challenges of climate change: omics-based biology of saffron plants and organic agricultural biotechnology for sustainable saffron production. |
| PubMed:Antitumor effects of saffron-derived carotenoids in prostate cancer cell models. |
| PubMed:Application of response surface methodology to optimise supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatile compounds from Crocus sativus. |
| PubMed:Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity evaluation of Crocus sativus stigmas in neonates of nursing mice. |
| PubMed:Saffron improves epididymal sperm parameters in rats exposed to cadmium. |
| PubMed:Study on diuretic activity of saffron (stigma of Crocus sativus L.) Aqueous extract in rat. |
| PubMed:Safranal, a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, activates insulin signaling in C2C12 myotubes and improves glucose tolerance in diabetic KK-Ay mice. |
| PubMed:FTIR spectroscopic evaluation of changes in the cellular biochemical composition of the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata induced by extracts of some Greek medicinal and aromatic plants. |
| PubMed:Flavonoid Determination in the Quality Control of Floral Bioresidues from Crocus sativus L. |
| PubMed:Crocetin, a carotenoid from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, protects against hypertension and cerebral thrombogenesis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. |
| PubMed:Effect of split foliar fertilisation on the quality and quantity of active constituents in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: a comprehensive review. |
| PubMed:Cytotoxic effect against 3T3 fibroblasts cells of saffron floral bio-residues extracts. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of teratogenic effects of crocin and safranal, active ingredients of saffron, in mice. |
| PubMed:An overview on saffron, phytochemicals, and medicinal properties. |
| PubMed:Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) powder as an ingredient of rye bread: an anti-diabetic evaluation. |
| PubMed:Assessment of cytotoxic properties of safranal and nanoliposomal safranal in various cancer cell lines. |
| PubMed:Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of crocin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. |
| PubMed:Investigation of the neuroprotective action of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in aluminum-exposed adult mice through behavioral and neurobiochemical assessment. |
| PubMed:Increasing the applications of Crocus sativus flowers as natural antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Quality control of saffron (Crocus sativus L.): development of SCAR markers for the detection of plant adulterants used as bulking agents. |
| PubMed:Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) increases glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in muscle cells via multipathway mechanisms. |
| PubMed:In vitro cormlet production of saffron (Crocus sativus L. Kashmirianus) and their flowering response under greenhouse. |
| PubMed:Radical scavenging activity and LC-MS metabolic profiling of petals, stamens, and flowers of Crocus sativus L. |
| PubMed:The effect of Crocus sativus extract on human lymphocytes' cytokines and T helper 2/T helper 1 balance. |
| PubMed:Crocin promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice. |
| PubMed:Geographical origin differentiation of saffron spice (Crocus sativus L. stigmas) - Preliminary investigation using chemical and multi-element (H, C, N) stable isotope analysis. |
| PubMed:Saffron (Crocus sativus) aqueous extract and its constituent crocin reduces stress-induced anorexia in mice. |
| PubMed:Crocetin: an agent derived from saffron for prevention and therapy for cancer. |
| PubMed:Picrocrocin kinetics in aqueous saffron spice extracts (Crocus sativus L.) upon thermal treatment. |
| PubMed:Use of in vitro assays to assess the potential antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in human lung cancer cell line. |
| PubMed:Microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from four different spices. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of Crocus sativus L. stigma phenolic and flavonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity. |
| PubMed:New applications and mechanisms of action of saffron and its important ingredients. |
| PubMed:Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women. |
| PubMed:Quantification of crocetin esters in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. |
| PubMed:Picrocrocin content and quality categories in different (345) worldwide samples of saffron ( Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Preventive effect of crocin in inflamed animals and in LPS-challenged RAW 264.7 cells. |
| PubMed:Role of caspases and Bax protein in saffron-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. |
| PubMed:Further examination of antiradical properties of Crocus sativus stigmas extract rich in crocins. |
| PubMed:Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. |
| PubMed:Study of cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of saffron extract in human cancer cell lines. |
| PubMed:Effect of centrifugal ultrafiltration on the composition of aqueous extracts of saffron spice (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Rapid determination of crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice (Crocus sativus L.) using UV-visible spectrophotometry for quality control. |
| PubMed:LC-DAD-MS (ESI+) analysis and antioxidant capacity of crocus sativus petal extracts. |
| PubMed:Kinetics of individual crocetin ester degradation in aqueous extracts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) upon thermal treatment in the dark. |
| PubMed:Cloning, structural characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of flower MADS-box genes from crocus (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Effect of ionic detergents, nonionic detergents, and chaotropic agents on polyphenol oxidase activity from dormant saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms. |
| PubMed:Crocetin, dimethylcrocetin, and safranal bind human serum albumin: stability and antioxidative properties. |
| PubMed:Protective effects of carotenoids from saffron on neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:Comparison of petal of Crocus sativus L. and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a pilot double-blind randomized trial. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory activity on amyloid-beta aggregation and antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus stigmas extract and its crocin constituents. |
| PubMed:Effect of Saffron (Crocus sativus) on neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in cerebral ischemia in rats. |
| PubMed:Crocetin esters, picrocrocin and its related compounds present in Crocus sativus stigmas and Gardenia jasminoides fruits. Tentative identification of seven new compounds by LC-ESI-MS. |
| PubMed:Radical scavenging activity of Crocus sativus L. extract and its bioactive constituents. |
| PubMed:Influence of different drying and aging conditions on saffron constituents. |
| PubMed:Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial. |
| PubMed:Crocetin from saffron: an active component of an ancient spice. |
| PubMed:Use of in vitro assays to assess the potential antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Cancer chemopreventive and tumoricidal properties of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Inhibition of genotoxicity by saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in mice. |
| PubMed:Analytical method for Buddleja colorants in foods. |
| PubMed:Chemical investigation of gamma-irradiated saffron (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Antioxidant properties of crocin from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and study of the reactions of crocin with linoleic acid and crocin with oxygen. |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of a mannan-binding lectin specifically expressed in corms of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:Flavonols from saffron flower: tyrosinase inhibitory activity and inhibition mechanism. |
| PubMed:Method to determine the authenticity of aroma of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). |
| PubMed:In vitro formation of crocetin glucosyl esters by Crocus sativus callus extract. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of colony formation of Hela cells by naturally occurring and synthetic agents. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effects of Nigella sativa and saffron (Crocus sativus) on chemical carcinogenesis in mice. |
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