| Name: | sterculia urens roxb. gum |
| CAS Number: | 9000-36-6 |
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| ECHA EC Number: | 232-539-4 |
| FDA UNII: | 73W9IQY50Q |
| MDL: | MFCD00131251 |
Category:thickeners, gelling agents, stabalizers and emulsifiers
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
| Google Scholar: | Search |
| Google Books: | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "volatile" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "flavor" | Search |
| Google Scholar: with word "odor" | Search |
| Perfumer and Flavorist: | Search |
| Google Patents: | Search |
| US Patents: | Search |
| EU Patents: | Search |
| PubMed: | Search |
| NCBI: | Search |
| | FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices: |
| 184.1339 | Sterculia Gum (karaya gum) View - review |
| EU SANCO | Karaya gum View - review |
| JECFA Food Additive: | Karaya Gum |
| GSFA Codex: | Karaya gum (416) |
| DG SANTE Food Additives: | karaya gum |
| FEMA Number: | 2605 karaya gum |
| FDA: | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm (SATF): | 9000-36-6 ; KARAYA, GUM (STERCULIA URENS ROXB.) |
| FDA Regulation: | FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.178 Pasteurized neufchatel cheese spread with other foods.
FDA PART 133 -- CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products
Sec. 133.179 Pasteurized process cheese spread.
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.141 Artificially sweetened fruit jelly.
FDA PART 150 -- FRUIT BUTTERS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Subpart B--Requirements for Specific Standardized Fruit Butters, Jellies, Preserves, and Related Products
Sec. 150.161 Artificially sweetened fruit preserves and jams.
FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS
Sec. 184.1349 Karaya gum (sterculia gum).
|
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | pale yellow to pinkish brown solid lumps or powder (est) |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Soluble in: |
| | water |
| Insoluble in: |
| | alcohol |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Strength:none |
| Odor Description:at 100.00 %. bland |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
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| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 9100 mg/kg
Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
oral-rabbit LD50 6400 mg/kg
Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
oral-mouse LD50 8200 mg/kg
Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
oral-hamster LD50 6900 mg/kg
Food & Drug Research Laboratories, Inc., Papers. Vol. 124, Pg. -, 1976.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | thickeners, gelling agents, stabalizers and emulsifiers |
| Recommendation for sterculia urens gum usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 36.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 13.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 1300.00000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 1300.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 1.00000 | 44.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | 40.00000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
|
Re-evaluation of karaya gum (E 416) as a food additive
View page or View pdf
|
Statement on the safety and efficacy of the feed additive consisting on tragacanth gum for all animal species (Association for International Promotion of Gums)
View page or View pdf
|
| Daily Med:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):9000-36-6 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| sterculia urens roxb. gum |
| Chemidplus:0009000366 |
| RTECS:WI9370000 for cas# 9000-36-6 |
References:
Other Information:
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C08826 |
| FooDB: | FDB020190 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 1301.39.0000 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
| | binding agents |
| | emulsion stabilisers |
| | hair fixing agents |
| | viscosity controlling agents |
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | dried exudate (karaya gum) of the tree sterculia urens, sterculiaceae | | | firmiana simplex gum | | | gum karaya | | | kadaya | | | karaya gum | | | katilo | | | kullo | | | kuteeral | | | mucara | | | sterculia gum | | | sterculia setigera gum | | indian | tragacanth gum | | | tragacanth, indian |
Articles:
| PubMed:Gastroretentive mucoadhesive tablet of lafutidine for controlled release and enhanced bioavailability. |
| PubMed:Natural gum as mucoadhesive controlled release carriers: evaluation of Cefpodoxime Proxetil by D-Optimal design technique. |
| PubMed:Rheological properties of gamma-irradiated antimicrobial wafers and in vitro efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| PubMed:Utility of gastric-retained alginate gels to modulate pharmacokinetic profiles in rats. |
| PubMed:Studies on stercuia gum formulations in the form of osmotic core tablet for colon-specific drug delivery of azathioprine. |
| PubMed:Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using gum karaya as a biotemplate and their antibacterial application. |
| PubMed:Oil-entrapped sterculia gum-alginate buoyant systems of aceclofenac: development and in vitro evaluation. |
| PubMed:Formulation and evaluation of non-effervescent floating tablets of losartan potassium. |
| PubMed:Formulation development and in-vitro/in-vivo correlation for a novel Sterculia gum-based oral colon-targeted drug delivery system of azathioprine. |
| PubMed:Lyophilised wafers as vehicles for the topical release of chlorhexidine digluconate--release kinetics and efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| PubMed:In vitro efficacy of antimicrobial wafers against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. |
| PubMed:Utility of in situ sodium alginate/karaya gum gels to facilitate gastric retention in rodents. |
| PubMed:A novel hydrogel plug of Sterculia urens for pulsatile delivery: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. |
| PubMed:The effect of denture adhesives on Candida albicans growth in vitro. |
| PubMed:[Analysis of thickening polysaccharides by the improved diethyldithioacetal derivatization method]. |
| PubMed:Physical properties of gum karaya-starch-essential oil patches. |
| PubMed:Natural polysaccharides as active biomaterials in nanostructured films for sensing. |
| PubMed:Karaya root saponin exerts a hypocholesterolemic response in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. |
| PubMed:Development of Denticap, a matrix based sustained release formulation for treatment of toothache, dental infection and other gum problem. |
| PubMed:Modification of sterculia gum with methacrylic acid to prepare a novel drug delivery system. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of Sterculia foetida gum as controlled release excipient. |
| PubMed:Gastroretentive drug delivery system of metoclopramide hydrochloride: formulation and in vitro evaluation. |
| PubMed:Long-term survival of a baby with body stalk anomaly: report of a case. |
| PubMed:Effects of the method of preparation on the compression, mechanical, and release properties of khaya gum matrices. |
| PubMed:Outbreak of cutaneous Rhizopus arrhizus infection associated with karaya ostomy bags. |
| PubMed:Polyethylene glycol, unique among laxatives, suppresses aberrant crypt foci, by elimination of cells. |
| PubMed:[Clinical evaluation of hydrocolloidal dressing in 147 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery]. |
| PubMed:Analysis of gums by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of selected polysaccharide excipients in buccoadhesive tablets for sustained release of nicotine. |
| PubMed:Suppressive effect of viscous dietary fiber on elevations of uric acid in serum and urine induced by dietary RNA in rats is associated with strength of viscosity. |
| PubMed:Nimesulide-modified gum karaya solid mixtures: preparation, characterization, and formulation development. |
| PubMed:In vivo evaluation of modified gum karaya as a carrier for improving the oral bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, nimodipine. |
| PubMed:Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications. |
| PubMed:Biological activity of some naturally occurring resins, gums and pigments against in vitro LDL oxidation. |
| PubMed:Flow behavior characteristics of ice cream mix made with buffalo milk and various stabilizers. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of modified gum karaya as carrier for the dissolution enhancement of poorly water-soluble drug nimodipine. |
| PubMed:Compressed xanthan and karaya gum matrices: hydration, erosion and drug release mechanisms. |
| PubMed:Development and evaluation of a multiple-unit oral sustained release dosage form for S(+)-ibuprofen: preparation and release kinetics. |
| PubMed:Relationship between swelling, erosion and drug release in hydrophillic natural gum mini-matrix formulations. |
| PubMed:Enhanced transdermal delivery of AZT (Zidovudine) using iontophoresis and penetration enhancer. |
| PubMed:[Esophageal obstruction after laxative administration]. |
| PubMed:Micropropagation of Sterculia urens Roxb. - an endangered tree species. |
| PubMed:Characterization of carbohydrate structural features recognized by anti-arabinogalactan-protein monoclonal antibodies. |
| PubMed:'Last-resort' dressings for intractable pressures sores. |
| PubMed:Caecal and faecal short-chain fatty acids and stool output in rats fed on diets containing non-starch polysaccharides. |
| PubMed:Clinical study: peristomal skin irritation in colostomy patients. |
| PubMed:Skin contact electrodes for medical applications. |
| PubMed:[Innovations for a better quality of life]. |
| PubMed:A modified Kapur scale for evaluating denture retention and stability: methodology study. |
| PubMed:[The use of tapioca as coverage in viral titration]. |
| PubMed:Vegetable gums modify lectin hemagglutinability. |
| PubMed:Dietary fibre and renal failure: comparison of sterculia and ispaghula. |
| PubMed:[Bulk-forming agents as laxatives in geriatric patients]. |
| PubMed:Effect of soluble fibers on plasma lipids, glucose tolerance and mineral balance. |
| PubMed:Prevention of bacterial adhesion to denture acrylic. |
| PubMed:Evidence for the safety of gum karaya (Sterculia spp.) as a food additive. |
| PubMed:Salicylic acid in karaya gum patch as a treatment for verruca vulgaris. |
| PubMed:Transdermal delivery of salicylic acid in the treatment of viral papillomas. |
| PubMed:Magnesium hydroxide as a complementary aluminium-free phosphate binder to moderate doses of oral calcium in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis: lack of deleterious effect on bone mineralisation. |
| PubMed:Karaya gum electrocardiographic electrodes for preterm infants. |
| PubMed:Mineral balance in adult men: effect of four refined fibers. |
| PubMed:[Evaluation of a new therapy (beidellian montmorillonite--guar gum) in the treatment of constipation]. |
| PubMed:Transmission electron microscopy of jejunum, ileum, and caecum tissues from rats fed with gums arabic, karaya and tragacanth. |
| PubMed:Nitrogen conversion factors for the proteinaceous content of gums permitted as food additives. |
| PubMed:Contact dermatitis due to karaya gum and induced by the application of electrodes. |
| PubMed:Immunogenicity, immunological cross reactivity and non-specific irritant properties of the exudate gums, arabic, karaya and tragacanth. |
| PubMed:[Treatment of colonic obstruction by karaya gum and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone]. |
| PubMed:Sterculia for wound healing. |
| PubMed:The absence of rhamnose in human urine following the ingestion of gum karaya (Sterculia). |
| PubMed:Karaya sensitivity. |
| PubMed:Blood lipids and lipoproteins in adult men fed four refined fibers. |
| PubMed:[Treatment of acute diarrhea in general practice. Therapeutic experiences with Karaya bismuth]. |
| PubMed:Combination of karaya-based skin barrier and a closed-cell foam in pouching of urinary diversions. |
| PubMed:Alimentary tract fistula: stomatherapy techniques of management. |
| PubMed:The effects of dietary gum karaya (Sterculia) in man. |
| PubMed:Karaya reconsidered. |
| PubMed:Immunogenicity of foods and food additives--in vivo testing of gums arabic, karaya and tragacanth. |
| PubMed:A study of the fate of gum karaya in the rat. |
| PubMed:Subchronic toxicity study in rats fed gum karaya. |
| PubMed:Karaya gel in the treatment of leg ulcers. |
| PubMed:[Study of urostomy bags with improved karaya and micropore, series 143]. |
| PubMed:Demineralization of human dental enamel by karaya gum solutions. |
| PubMed:The effect of Karaya gum on tooth enamel. |
| PubMed:[Comparative study of Kaologeais and Smectite in the treatment of colopathies]. |
| PubMed:[Action of Poly-Karaya in functional colopathies. Results of a multicenter study of 114 patients]. |
| PubMed:[Poly-Karaya and anal surgery]. |
| PubMed:Denture adhesives - their effect on the mobility of full upper dentures during chewing. A cineradiographic study. |
| PubMed:[Clinical study of a new medication in the treatment of functional colopathies]. |
| PubMed:[A multicenter controlled trial of a combination of kaolin, sterculia gum, meprobamate, and magnesium salts, in the irritable bowel syndrome (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed:The composition and rheology of denture adhesives. |
| PubMed:[Protection of the skin of the patient with colostomy. (2). Use of karaya gum products for the protection of the skin]. |
| PubMed:Denture adhesives: a side effect. |
| PubMed:The evaluation of a new appetite-reducing agent (Prefil) in the management of obesity. |
| PubMed:Oesophageal obstruction due to hygroscopic gum laxative. |
| PubMed:Karaya gum hypersensitivity in an enterostomal therapist. |
| PubMed:The palatability of colloidal bulk forming agents. |
| PubMed:Contact dermatitis from a Karaya seal ring. |
| PubMed:Treatment of shallow soft tissue ulcers with an infrequent dressing technique. |
| PubMed:[Complications after the establishment of colostomies]. |
| PubMed:[Functional and organic intestinal diseases. Therapeutic experience using Karaya bismuth]. |
| PubMed:[Contact dermatitis caused by Karaya gum]. |
| PubMed:The treatment of pressure sores in geriatric patients: a trial of sterculia powder. |
| PubMed:[Treatment of chronic colonic diseases with a new topical digestive agent, mucilage (karaya gum) combined with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (P.V.P.P.)]. |
| PubMed:Decubitus ulcers and the karaya treatment program. |
| PubMed:[Treatment of functional intestinal disorders with carbomucil]. |
| PubMed:Protection of the skin around intestinal fistulas. |
| PubMed:[Treatment of constipation and colitis by the bismuth subnitrate--karaya gum association]. |
| PubMed:[Therapeutic trial of a combination of an insoluble bismuth salt and a Karaya gum in gastrointestinal disorders]. |
| PubMed:[The use of karaya-gum powder and aluminum hydroxide gel in cases of external gastrointestinal fistula or stoma]. |
| PubMed:Solid state karaya gum ring for use in disposable and permanent ileostomy appliances. |
| PubMed:Is gum karaya (Sterculia urens Roxb. Family: Sterculiaceae) allergenic? |
| PubMed:[Colloids in diarrhea; agar and karaya gum]. |
| PubMed:[Colloids in diarrhea; agar and karaya gum]. |
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polysaccharide gum from sterculia urens (sterculia). it is used as a suspending or stabilizing agent in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; a bulk-forming laxative; a surgical lubricant and adhesive; and in the treatment of skin ulcers. Emulsifier, thickener, foam stabiliser, flavouring ingredient, gelling agent
Gum Karaya is a vegetable gum produced as an exudate by trees of the genus Sterculia. Chemically, gum karaya is an acid polysaccharide composed of the sugars galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid. It is used as a thickener, emulsifier and laxative in foods, and as a denture adhesive. It is also used to adulterate Gum Tragacanth due to their similar physical characteristics. As a food additive it has E number E416.
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