EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

garlic oil
allium sativum bulb oil

Supplier Sponsors

Flavor Demo Formulas
Name:allium sativum l. bulb oil
CAS Number: 8000-78-0
ECHA EC Number:616-782-7
FDA UNII: Search
MDL:MFCD00240715
Category:flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
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Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
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PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
184.1317 Garlic and Oil of Garlic View - review
FEMA Number:2503 garlic oil
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm (SATF):8000-78-0 ; GARLIC, OIL (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.)
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 184 -- DIRECT FOOD SUBSTANCES AFFIRMED AS GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart B--Listing of Specific Substances Affirmed as GRAS
Sec. 184.1317 Garlic and its derivatives.
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:pale yellow to reddish orange clear liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:1.04000 to 1.09000 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.654 to 9.070
Refractive Index:1.55900 to 1.57900 @ 20.00 °C.
Flash Point: 130.00 °F. TCC ( 54.44 °C. )
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 71.1 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 water
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: alliaceous
garlic
Odor Description:at 0.01 % in propylene glycol. intense garlic
Flavor Type: alliaceous
alliaceous garlic
Taste Description: alliaceous garlic
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: fragrance
skin conditioning
 
Suppliers:
A. Fakhry
For experimental / research use only.
Garlic Oil
Advanced Biotech
GARLIC OIL NATURAL
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Garlic oil 98%
Ambles Nature et Chimie
AIL
Anhui Haibei
Garlic Oil
Aromatic and Allied Chemicals
Garlic Oil
Augustus Oils
Garlic Essential Oil
Services
AuNutra® Industries
Garlic Oil
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Garlic oil 95%
Bristol Botanicals
Garlic essential oil Allium sativum
Citrus and Allied Essences
Oil Garlic FCC
Market Report
Diffusions Aromatiques
AIL CHINE HE
Diffusions Aromatiques
AIL FRANCE HUILE ESSENTIELLE
ECSA Chemicals
GARLIC OIL
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
El Malek
Garlic Oil
100% natural and pure. EU, FDA
Ernesto Ventós
GARLIC OIL
Odor: STRONG, CHARACTERISTIC OF GARLIC
FERRANT
Garlic Essential Oil
Odor: characteristic
Use: Essential oil produced by a steam distillation process of the garlic. Raw materials grow up the family fields.
Fleurchem
garlic oil
Fuzhou Farwell
Garlic Oil
George Uhe Company
Garlic Oil
Available in FCC and from Various Origins
Global Essence
Garlic Oil Organic
Golden Frog Trading Manufacturing
Fresh Garlic Oil
Indenta Group
Garlic Oil
Indukern F&F
GARLIC OIL
Odor: POWERFUL, GARLIC, SPICY
Jiangyin Healthway
Garlic Oil 35%∼45%
New functional food ingredients
Jiangyin Healthway
Garlic Oil
Kanta Enterprises
Garlic Oil
L.R. Composizioni Profumanti
Aglio cina.
Lionel Hitchen
Garlic Oil
Lluch Essence
GARLIC OIL
M&U International
Garlic Oil, Kosher
Maypro Industries
Garlic Oil
Moellhausen
GARLIC EO
Odor: sulfurous, garlic on dilution
Naturex
Garlic Oil
NAT arom®, in Ez-Caps™, AquaReady™ or Classic forms
O'Laughlin Industries
GARLIC OIL
Penta International
GARLIC OIL NATURAL and ARTIFICIAL FCC KOSHER
Penta International
GARLIC OIL NATURAL FOOD GRADE KOSHER
Plant Lipids
Garlic Oil
Prinova
Garlic Oil natural
R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Garlic Oil
Reincke & Fichtner
Garlic Oil organic + NOP
Reincke & Fichtner
Garlic Oil
Sigma-Aldrich
Garlic oil blend, artificial
Certified Food Grade Products
Sigma-Aldrich
Garlic Oil FG
Odor: garlic; alliaceous; sulfurous
Silverline Chemicals
Garlic Oil
SRS Aromatics
GARLIC OIL
Sunaux International
Garlic Oil
Synthite Industries
Garlic Oil
encapsulated and spray dried range
E-books and Brochures
Synthite Industries
Garlic Oil
Terpena S.R.L.
GARLIC OIL
The John D. Walsh Company
Garlic Oil
Ungerer & Company
Garlic Oil FCC
United International
Garlic Oil Nat.
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 10 - Flammable.
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 1360 mg/kg
Tokishikoroji Foramu. Toxicology Forum. Vol. 8, Pg. 91, 1985.

oral-mouse LD50 850 mg/kg
Tokishikoroji Foramu. Toxicology Forum. Vol. 8, Pg. 91, 1985.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -6.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 0.010000.30000
beverages(alcoholic): -0.30000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: -12.00000
condiments / relishes: -16.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -0.04000
fruit ices: -0.04000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -2.90000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):8000-78-0
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 1993
WGK Germany:3
allium sativum l. bulb oil
Chemidplus:0008000780
RTECS:LX3154800 for cas# 8000-78-0
 
References:
 allium sativum l. bulb oil
Canada Domestic Sub. List:8000-78-0
Pubchem (sid):135264271
 
Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
Export Tariff Code:3301.29.6000
Wikipedia:View
FAO:BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
For Odor
No odor group found for these
methyl 1-propenyl sulfide
FL/FR
alliaceous
alliaceous
allium sativum oil egypt
FL/FR
dibutyl sulfide
FL/FR
garlic oil china
FL/FR
garlic oil mexico
FL/FR
methyl furfuryl disulfide
FL/FR
cheesy
S-(
methyl thio) butyrate
FL/FR
citrus
grapefruit mercaptan
FL/FR
coumarinic
tonka bean oleoresin
FR
fermented
ethyl (E)-2-crotonate
FL/FR
garlic
ferula assa-foetida gum
FL/FR
spicy
ethyl vinyl ketone
FL/FR
sulfurous
allium ursinum extract
CS
ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate
FL/FR
ethyl methyl mercaptopropionate
FL/FR
ferula assa-foetida absolute
FL/FR
ferula assa-foetida gum extract
FL/FR
furfuryl thioacetate
FL/FR
methyl 3-(methyl thio) propionate
FL/FR
2-
methyl 5-(methyl thio) furan
FL/FR
methyl mercaptan
FL/FR
3-(
methyl thio) hexanol
FL/FR
2-(
methyl thio) phenol
FL/FR
onion oil
FL/FR
4-
tropical oxathiane
FL/FR
tropical
trans-
galbanum oxathiane
FL/FR
For Flavor
No flavor group found for these
allyl methyl disulfide
FL
allyl methyl trisulfide
FL
allyl propyl disulfide
FL
allyl propyl sulfide
FL
allyl propyl trisulfide
FL
iso
amyl mercaptan
FL
butyl ethyl disulfide
FL
diallyl hexasulfide
FL
diethyl trisulfide
FL
diisopropyl sulfide
FL
diisopropyl trisulfide
FL
dimethyl tetrasulfide
FL
dipropyl sulfide
FL
ethyl isothiocyanate
FL
ethyl methyl trisulfide
FL
ethyl propyl disulfide
FL
ethyl propyl trisulfide
FL
furfuryl propyl disulfide
FL
trans-
galbanum oxathiane
FL/FR
bis(1-
mercaptopropyl) sulfide
FL
methyl 1-propenyl sulfide
FL/FR
S-
methyl benzothioate
FL
methyl butyl sulfide
FL
4-(
methyl thio) butanol
FL
3-
thienyl mercaptan
FL
thiophene
FL
alliaceous
alliaceous
allium sativum oil egypt
FL/FR
allyl disulfide
FL
allyl mercaptan
FL
allyl thiopropionate
FL
benzyl mercaptan
FL
1,3-
butane dithiol
FL
cyclopentyl mercaptan
FL
diethyl disulfide
FL
dipropyl trisulfide
FL
garlic oil china
FL/FR
garlic oil extenders
FL
garlic oil mexico
FL/FR
fried
garlic oleoresin
FL
smoked
garlic oleoresin
FL
2-
methyl thioacetaldehyde
FL
3-
tetrahydrothiophenone
FL
truffle sulfide
FL
citrus
grapefruit mercaptan
FL/FR
coffee
methyl furfuryl disulfide
FL/FR
methyl furfuryl thiol
FL
fatty
dimethyl sulfoxide
FL
fruity
4-
tropical oxathiane
FL/FR
garlic
allium sativum bulb tincture
FL
allyl methyl sulfide
FL
ferula assa-foetida gum
FL/FR
garlic distillates
FL
garlic flavor
FL
sauteed
garlic flavor
FL
black
garlic flavor
FL
garlic oil CO2 extract
FL
garlic oleoresin
FL
2-
pentenyl-4-propyl-1,3-oxathiane (mixture of isomers)
FL
green
dibutyl sulfide
FL/FR
meaty
(R,S)-2-
mercapto-3-butanol
FL
2-(
methyl thio) phenol
FL/FR
bis(2-
methyl-3-furyl) disulfide
FL
phenyl mercaptan
FL
ortho-
thiocresol
FL
metallic
3-(
methyl thio) hexanol
FL/FR
mushroom
methional diethyl acetal
FL
musty
ethyl (E)-2-crotonate
FL/FR
2-
methyl 5-(methyl thio) furan
FL/FR
S-(
methyl thio) butyrate
FL/FR
onion
ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate
FL/FR
furfuryl isopropyl sulfide
FL
methionol
FL
methyl propyl disulfide
FL
methyl propyl trisulfide
FL
propyl thioacetate
FL
roasted
ethyl 3-(furfuryl thio) propionate
FL
furfuryl thioacetate
FL/FR
hexyl mercaptan
FL
seafood
1,4-
dithiane
FL
spicy
ethyl vinyl ketone
FL/FR
sulfurous
allium sativum bulb extract
FL
allyl sulfide
FL
butyl mercaptan
FL
diallyl polysulfides
FL
diallyl tetrasulfide
FL
diallyl trisulfide
FL
ethyl methyl mercaptopropionate
FL/FR
ethyl methyl sulfide
FL
S-
ethyl thioacetate
FL
ferula assa-foetida absolute
FL/FR
ferula assa-foetida fluid extract
FL
ferula assa-foetida gum extract
FL/FR
ferula assa-foetida oleoresin
FL
furfuryl methyl sulfide
FL
furfuryl thiopropionate
FL
3-
mercapto-2-methyl pentanal
FL
methyl 4-(methyl thio) butyrate
FL
methyl mercaptan
FL/FR
1-(
methyl thio)-2-butanone
FL
onion oil
FL/FR
vegetable
methyl 3-(methyl thio) propionate
FL/FR
 
Potential Uses:
FLgarlic
FLmeat
FLonion
FLsavory
 skin conditioning
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 garlic bulb
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
 allium pekinense bulb oil
 allium sativum bulb oil
 garlic bulbs oil
 garlic EO
 garlic oil
 garlic oil FCC
 garlic oil natural
 oil garlic FCC
 

Articles:

PubMed:Effects of garlic extract on spreading depression: In vitro and in vivo investigations.
PubMed:Diversity of butyrivibrio group bacteria in the rumen of goats and its response to the supplementation of garlic oil.
PubMed:Antimycobacterial and Antibacterial Activity of Allium sativum Bulbs.
PubMed:Antifungal effect and mechanism of garlic oil on Penicillium funiculosum.
PubMed:Effect of Selenium-Enriched Garlic Oil against Cytotoxicity Induced by OX-LDL in Endothelial Cells.
PubMed:[Study on garlic oil combined with 5-FU induced apoptosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line ACC-M].
PubMed:Effect of intraabdominal administration of Allium sativum (garlic) oil on postoperative peritoneal adhesion.
PubMed:Changes in blood profile in sheep receiving raw garlic, garlic oil or monensin.
PubMed:Keap1 cysteine 288 as a potential target for diallyl trisulfide-induced Nrf2 activation.
PubMed:Effects of dietary oregano and garlic essential oils on carcass characteristics, meat composition, colour, pH and sensory quality of broiler meat.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on pancreatic cancer cells.
PubMed:Bioactivities of some essential oils against the camel nasal botfly, Cephalopina titillator.
PubMed:Diallyl-disulfide, an organosulfur compound of garlic, attenuates airway inflammation via activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and NF-kappaB suppression.
PubMed:Preparation methods for monodispersed garlic oil microspheres in water using the microemulsion technique and their potential as antimicrobials.
PubMed:Evaluation of acute toxicity of essential oil of garlic (Allium sativum) and its selected major constituent compounds against overwintering Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae).
PubMed:Can garlic oil ameliorate diabetes-induced oxidative stress in a rat liver model? A correlated histological and biochemical study.
PubMed:Diallyl trisulfide suppresses dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse colitis: NF-κB and STAT3 as potential targets.
PubMed:Garlic oil suppressed the hematological disorders induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy in tumor-bearing mice.
PubMed:Effects of selected bioactive natural products on the vascular endothelium.
PubMed:Is allicin able to reduce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in broilers when added to drinking water?
PubMed:Garlic oil attenuated nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating the metabolic activation and detoxification enzymes.
PubMed:Antioxidant effects of diallyl trisulfide on high glucose-induced apoptosis are mediated by the PI3K/Akt-dependent activation of Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes.
PubMed:Validation of HPTLC and HPLC methods for the quantitative determination of allyl disulfide in some polyherbal oils.
PubMed:Effect of Allium sativum and Allium cepa oils on different stages of Boophilus annulatus.
PubMed:Garlic oil attenuates the cardiac apoptosis in hamster-fed with hypercholesterol diet.
PubMed:Diallyl disulfide-induced apoptosis in a breast-cancer cell line (MCF-7) may be caused by inhibition of histone deacetylation.
PubMed:Effect of allyl sulfides from garlic essential oil on intracellular ca2+ levels in renal tubular cells.
PubMed:Diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide ameliorate cardiac dysfunction by suppressing apoptotic and enhancing survival pathways in experimental diabetic rats.
PubMed:Transcriptome analysis of garlic-induced hepatoprotection against alcoholic fatty liver.
PubMed:Molecular mechanisms of garlic-derived allyl sulfides in the inhibition of skin cancer progression.
PubMed:Effects of garlic and ginger oils on hematological and biochemical variables of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax.
PubMed:Effect of garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on mitochondrial function and integrity in isolated mouse liver mitochondria.
PubMed:Efficacy and tolerability of diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate plus garlic oil in patients with chronic hepatitis.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on milk fatty acid profile and lipogenesis-related gene expression in mammary gland of dairy goats.
PubMed:Effects of ruminal infusion of garlic oil on fermentation dynamics, Fatty Acid profile and abundance of bacteria involved in biohydrogenation in rumen of goats.
PubMed:The role of diallyl sulfides and dipropyl sulfides in the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of garlic, Allium sativum L., and leek, Allium porrum L.
PubMed:Apoptosis induction of U937 human leukemia cells by diallyl trisulfide induces through generation of reactive oxygen species.
PubMed:Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis of human basal cell carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and the mitochondrial pathway.
PubMed:Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations.
PubMed:In vitro inhibitory activity of essential oil vapors against Ascosphaera apis.
PubMed:The polysulfide diallyl trisulfide protects the ischemic myocardium by preservation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide and increasing nitric oxide bioavailability.
PubMed:The Antidiabetic Effect of Garlic Oil is Associated with Ameliorated Oxidative Stress but Not Ameliorated Level of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Skeletal Muscle of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.
PubMed:Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activities and tightening of tight junctions by diallyl disulfide in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells.
PubMed:Protective effects of garlic oil on hepatocarcinoma induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in rats.
PubMed:[The role of CYP2E1 in the protection of garlic oil's from n-hexane-induced neurotoxicity].
PubMed:[Protective effects of garlic oil on n-hexane-induced neurotoxicity in rats via inhibition of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity].
PubMed:A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for the effects of garlic on serum lipid profiles.
PubMed:Garlic oil alleviated ethanol-induced fat accumulation via modulation of SREBP-1, PPAR-α, and CYP2E1.
PubMed:Diallyl trisulfide suppresses the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ERK activation.
PubMed:Trials for the control of trichodinosis and gyrodactylosis in hatchery reared Oreochromis niloticus fries by using garlic.
PubMed:Efficacy of several commercially formulated essential oils against caged female Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus when operationally applied via an automatic-timed insecticide application system.
PubMed:Diallyl disulphide, a beneficial component of garlic oil, causes a redistribution of cell-cycle growth phases, induces apoptosis, and enhances butyrate-induced apoptosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29).
PubMed:Diallyl disulphide and lovastatin: effects on energy and protein utilisation in, as well as methane emission from, sheep.
PubMed:Acaricidal effect of essential oils from Lippia graveolens (Lamiales: Verbenaceae), Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and Allium sativum (Liliales: Liliaceae) against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).
PubMed:Essential oil composition and antiradical activity of the oil of Iraq plants.
PubMed:Garlic Oil Alleviates MAPKs- and IL-6-mediated Diabetes-related Cardiac Hypertrophy in STZ-induced DM Rats.
PubMed:Garlic Oil and Vitamin E Prevent the Adverse Effects of Lead Acetate and Ethanol Separately as well as in Combination in the Drinking Water of Rats.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil on neutrophil infiltration in the small intestine of endotoxin-injected rats and its association with levels of soluble and cellular adhesion molecules.
PubMed:Garlic in health and disease.
PubMed:[Effects of garlic oil, age and sex on n-hexane metabolism in rats].
PubMed:Potential beneficial effects of garlic in oncohematology.
PubMed:Ruminal methane inhibition potential of various pure compounds in comparison with garlic oil as determined with a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec).
PubMed:Optimizing the use of garlic oil as antimicrobial agent on fresh-cut tomato through a controlled release system.
PubMed:Effect of garlic on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and plasma lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats.
PubMed:Modulation of histone acetylation by garlic sulfur compounds.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of diallyl trisulfide in SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
PubMed:Direct effect of khat and garlic extracts on blood lipids contents: Preliminary in vitro study.
PubMed:The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review.
PubMed:Cardiac contractile dysfunction and apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats are ameliorated by garlic oil supplementation.
PubMed:Negligible effect of oral garlic oil on the oral absorption of pyridoxine in metadoxine in rats.
PubMed:[Protective effect of garlic oil given at different time against acute liver injury induced by CCl4].
PubMed:Evaluation of the toxicity of 17 essential oils against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
PubMed:Anti-invasive activity of diallyl disulfide through tightening of tight junctions and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activities in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
PubMed:Garlic oil as a modulating agent for oxidative stress and neurotoxicity induced by sodium nitrite in male albino rats.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on the migration of neutrophil-like cell studied by using a chemotactic gradient Labchip.
PubMed:The antioxidant role of oral administration of garlic oil on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
PubMed:Role of Uttara Vasti with Trivrit and Lasuna oil in the management of primary dysmenorrhea.
PubMed:[Antioxidant properties of essential oils].
PubMed:Antimicrobial effect of garlic (Allium sativum).
PubMed:Enhancing safety and aroma appealing of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables using the antimicrobial and aromatic power of essential oils.
PubMed:Antibacterial effects of allspice, garlic, and oregano essential oils in tomato films determined by overlay and vapor-phase methods.
PubMed:The modulatory effects of garlic oil on hepatic cytochrome P450s in mice.
PubMed:Efficacy of niosomal formulation of diallyl sulfide against experimental candidiasis in Swiss albino mice.
PubMed:Effect of commercially available plant-derived essential oil products on arthropod pests.
PubMed:Inhibitory effect of essential oils of Allium sativum and Piper longum on spontaneous muscular activity of liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica.
PubMed:Potential use of liposomal diallyl sulfide in the treatment of experimental murine candidiasis.
PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of elephant garlic oil against Vibrio cholerae in vitro and in a food model.
PubMed:[Effects of garlic oil on n-hexane metabolized to 2, 5-hexanedione in mice serum].
PubMed:Garlic: nature's protection against physiological threats.
PubMed:[Effects of garlic oil on 2, 5-HD induced lipid peroxidation damage in rat nerve tissues].
PubMed:The molecular mechanisms of diallyl disulfide and diallyl sulfide induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity.
PubMed:In vivo evidence of hepato- and reno-protective effect of garlic oil against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative stress.
PubMed:[Tissue distribution of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded garlic oil in rats].
PubMed:Toxicity of botanical formulations to nursery-infesting white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).
PubMed:In vitro efficacies of oils, silicas and plant preparations against the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae.
PubMed:Effect of supplementation with garlic oil on activity of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes from rats.
PubMed:Coactivity of sulfide ingredients: a new perspective of the larvicidal activity of garlic essential oil against mosquitoes.
PubMed:Long-term garlic or micronutrient supplementation, but not anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy, increases serum folate or glutathione without affecting serum vitamin B-12 or homocysteine in a rural Chinese population.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on tumoragenecity and intercellular communication in human gastric cancer cell line.
PubMed:Could garlic partially-counteract excess alcohol consumption? A postulated role of garlic oil in prevention of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.
PubMed:The anti-fatty liver effects of garlic oil on acute ethanol-exposed mice.
PubMed:Effect of Allium sativum (garlic) diallyl disulfide (DADS) on human non-small cell lung carcinoma H1299 cells.
PubMed:[Effects of garlic oil combined with resveratrol on inducting of apoptosis and expression of Fas, bcl-2 and bax in human gastric cancer cell line].
PubMed:Anticancer effects of diallyl trisulfide derived from garlic.
PubMed:Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide suppress oxidized LDL-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule and E-selectin expression through protein kinase A- and B-dependent signaling pathways.
PubMed:Biological and chemical stability of garlic-derived allicin.
PubMed:Do garlic-derived allyl sulfides scavenge peroxyl radicals?
PubMed:Diallyl disulfide induces reversible G2/M phase arrest on a p53-independent mechanism in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells.
PubMed:Evidence of increased diversity of methanogenic archaea with plant extract supplementation.
PubMed:Synergistic antiyeast activity of garlic oil and allyl alcohol derived from alliin in garlic.
PubMed:The effect of simulated gastric environments on the anti-Helicobacter activity of garlic oil.
PubMed:In vivo interactive effect of garlic oil and vitamin E against stavudine induced genotoxicity in Mus musculus.
PubMed:[Garlic oil inhibits cyclin E expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells].
PubMed:Combined metadoxine and garlic oil treatment efficaciously abrogates alcoholic steatosis and CYP2E1 induction in rat liver with restoration of AMPK activity.
PubMed:An ethnomedicinal survey and documentation of important medicinal folklore food phytonims of flora of Samahni valley, (Azad Kashmir) Pakistan.
PubMed:Role of peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes in the development of hypogonadal osteoporosis in an ovariectomized rat model: possible phytoestrogenic efficacy of oil extract of garlic to preserve skeletal health.
PubMed:Invited review: Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation.
PubMed:Garlic oil ameliorates ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced damage and tumor promotion: implications for cancer prevention.
PubMed:The bioactivity of processed garlic (Allium sativum L.) as shown in vitro and in vivo studies on rats.
PubMed:Garlic oil prevents tributyltin-induced oxidative damage in vivo and in vitro.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on platelet aggregation: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.
PubMed:Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes by garlic and allyl sulfide compounds via activation of constitutive androstane receptor and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2.
PubMed:Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of garlic in chicken sausage.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide in rat blood by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
PubMed:Chemical release at the airport and lessons learned from the medical perspective.
PubMed:Effect of diallyl trisulfide-rich garlic oil on blood coagulation and plasma activity of anticoagulation factors in rats.
PubMed:A randomized factorial study of the effects of long-term garlic and micronutrient supplementation and of 2-wk antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins.
PubMed:[Study of organosulfur compounds in fresh garlic by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry incorporated with temperature-programmable cold on-column injection].
PubMed:Randomized double-blind factorial trial of three treatments to reduce the prevalence of precancerous gastric lesions.
PubMed:Anticoagulant modulation of blood cells and platelet reactivity by garlic oil in experimental diabetes mellitus.
PubMed:Dose-dependent influence of commercial garlic (Allium sativum) on rats fed cholesterol-containing diet.
PubMed:Antifungal effects of the volatile oils from Allium plants against Trichophyton species and synergism of the oils with ketoconazole.
PubMed:Antidiabetic effect of garlic oil but not diallyl disulfide in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
PubMed:DATS reduces LPS-induced iNOS expression, NO production, oxidative stress, and NF-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
PubMed:Role of oil extract of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) on intestinal transference of calcium and its possible correlation with preservation of skeletal health in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis.
PubMed:Preclinical perspectives on garlic and cancer.
PubMed:A factorial trial including garlic supplements assesses effect in reducing precancerous gastric lesions.
PubMed:Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on postmenopausal osteoporosis using ovariectomized rats: comparison with the effects of lovastatin and 17beta-estradiol.
PubMed:Effect of combined supplementation of fish oil with garlic pearls on the serum lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds on rumen microbial fermentation.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil and two of its major organosulfur compounds, diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, on intestinal damage in rats injected with endotoxin.
PubMed:[Evaluation of repellent and anti-feeding effect of garlic oil (Allium sativum) against the bite of phlebotomine sandflies Diptera: Psychodidae].
PubMed:Comparison of distillation and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods for the isolation of sensitive aroma compounds from garlic (Allium sativum).
PubMed:In vitro investigation of the toxic effects of extracts of Allium sativum bulbs on adults of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes and Rhipicephalus pulchellus.
PubMed:Plant active components - a resource for antiparasitic agents?
PubMed:The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on diallyl disulfide (DADS) induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human A549 lung carcinoma cells.
PubMed:Clinical assessment of effects of botanical supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly: St John's wort, garlic oil, Panax ginseng and Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:Effects of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen microbial fermentation in a dual flow continuous culture.
PubMed:Garlic oil and DDB, comprised in a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of patients with viral hepatitis, prevents acute liver injuries potentiated by glutathione deficiency in rats.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil and diallyl trisulfide on glycemic control in diabetic rats.
PubMed:Citronella as an insect repellent in food packaging.
PubMed:Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata) oils against the Japanese termite (Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe).
PubMed:Nutraceutical effects of garlic oil, its nonpolar fraction and a Ficus flavonoid as compared to vitamin E in CCl4 induced liver damage in rats.
PubMed:Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) oil on exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease.
PubMed:Differential effects of organosulfur compounds from garlic oil on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in stimulated macrophages.
PubMed:Modulation of cytokine secretion by garlic oil derivatives is associated with suppressed nitric oxide production in stimulated macrophages.
PubMed:Beneficial effects of a polar fraction of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) oil in rats fed with two different high fat diets.
PubMed:Chemoprotective effect of diallyl trisulfide from garlic against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury of rats.
PubMed:Antioxidant effects of sulfur-containing amino acids.
PubMed:Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on lipid peroxidation in experimental myocardial infarction in rats.
PubMed:Prevention of bone loss by oil extract of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis.
PubMed:Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of garlic oil obtained by hydrodistillation.
PubMed:Aversion of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to garlic oil treated granules: garlic oil as an avian repellent. Garlic oil analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:The effects of allyl sulfides on the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and liver injury by carbon tetrachloride.
PubMed:Inhibitory activity of essential oils of garlic and onion against bacteria and yeasts.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil on ethanol induced gastric ulcers in rats.
PubMed:The effects of allicin on weight in fructose-induced hyperinsulinemic, hyperlipidemic, hypertensive rats.
PubMed:Oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects of garlic oil and melatonin.
PubMed:In vitro effect of essential oils from Cinnamomum aromaticum, Citrus limon and Allium sativum on two intestinal flagellates of poultry, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effect of antioxidants on ischaemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury.
PubMed:[Pharmaceutical significance of Allium sativum L. 4. Antifungal effects].
PubMed:Naturopathic treatment for ear pain in children.
PubMed:The combined effects of garlic oil and fish oil on the hepatic antioxidant and drug-metabolizing enzymes of rats.
PubMed:Garlic [Allium sativum]: a review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent.
PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of garlic, tea tree oil, and chlorhexidine against oral microorganisms.
PubMed:Effect of single and binary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides on different enzyme activities in the nervous tissue of Achatina fulica.
PubMed:Cytochrome P450 phenotypic ratios for predicting herb-drug interactions in humans.
PubMed:Beneficial effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn) on rats fed with diets containing cholesterol and either of the oil seeds, coconuts or groundnuts.
PubMed:[Pharmaceutical importance of Allium sativum L. 2. Antibacterial effects].
PubMed:Herbs and dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
PubMed:The protective effect of garlic oil on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice and comparison with N-acetylcysteine.
PubMed:[Study on effect and mechanism of essential garlic oil in inhibiting monocyte-vascular endothelial cell adhesion induced by interleukin-1 alpha].
PubMed:Differential effects of garlic oil and its three major organosulfur components on the hepatic detoxification system in rats.
PubMed:A pilot study to determine the effectiveness of garlic oil capsules in the treatment of dyspeptic patients with Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed:Chemopreventive allylthiopyridazine derivatives induce apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 hepatocarcinoma cells through a caspase-3-dependent mechanism.
PubMed:The effects of alcohol and diallyl sulphide on CYP2E1 activity in humans: a phenotyping study using chlorzoxazone.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil on the levels of various enzymes in the serum and tissue of streptozotocin diabetic rats.
PubMed:Molluscicidal activity of Lawsonia inermis and its binary and tertiary combinations with other plant derived molluscicides.
PubMed:Efficacy of naturopathic extracts in the management of ear pain associated with acute otitis media.
PubMed:An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibition by garlic.
PubMed:In-vitro antimicrobial activity of four diallyl sulphides occurring naturally in garlic and Chinese leek oils.
PubMed:Effect of antioxidants on L-glutamate and N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion induced-neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.
PubMed:Screening of organosulfur compounds as inhibitors of human CYP2A6.
PubMed:Effects of organosulfur compounds from garlic oil on the antioxidation system in rat liver and red blood cells.
PubMed:Gender may affect the action of garlic oil on plasma cholesterol and glucose levels of normal subjects.
PubMed:Dietary fat and garlic oil independently regulate hepatic cytochrome p(450) 2B1 and the placental form of glutathione S-transferase expression in rats.
PubMed:In vitro activity of garlic oil and four diallyl sulphides against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
PubMed:Intake of garlic and its bioactive components.
PubMed:Antithrombotic and antineoplastic effects of phyto-organosulfur compounds.
PubMed:A randomized trial of the effects of garlic oil upon coronary heart disease risk factors in trained male runners.
PubMed:Evaluation of garlic oil as a contact dissolution agent for gallstones: comparison with monooctanoin.
PubMed:Antimicrobial properties of garlic oil against human enteric bacteria: evaluation of methodologies and comparisons with garlic oil sulfides and garlic powder.
PubMed:Garlic and onion oils inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of HL-60 cells.
PubMed:Effects of allyl mercaptan and various allium-derived compounds on cholesterol synthesis and secretion in Hep-G2 cells.
PubMed:Effect of single and binary combinations of plant-derived molluscicides on reproduction and survival of the snail Achatina fulica.
PubMed:[Garlic oil induces differentiation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line].
PubMed:Bioactivities of methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide from essential oil of garlic to two species of stored-product pests, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).
PubMed:Activities of garlic oil, garlic powder, and their diallyl constituents against Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil and its organosulfur compounds on the activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in rats fed high- and low-fat diets.
PubMed:Garlic oil and Helicobacter pylori infection.
PubMed:Effect of different combinations of MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide with plant-derived molluscicides on snail reproduction.
PubMed:Antioxidant role of oils isolated from garlic (Allium sativum Linn) and onion (Allium cepa Linn) on nicotine-induced lipid peroxidation.
PubMed:Garlic oil: no impact on lipids.
PubMed:Prevention of acetaminophen-induced cataract by a combination of diallyl disulfide and N-acetylcysteine.
PubMed:Factorial trial of three interventions to reduce the progression of precancerous gastric lesions in Shandong, China: design issues and initial data.
PubMed:Attenuation of iron-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-mediated renal oxidative stress, toxicity and hyperproliferative response by the prophylactic treatment of rats with garlic oil.
PubMed:Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on blood lipids, blood sugar, fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in patients with coronary artery disease.
PubMed:Effects of feeding fresh garlic and garlic oil on detoxifying enzymes and micronuclei formation in rats treated with azoxymethane.
PubMed:Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism: a randomized controlled trial.
PubMed:Anti tubercular activity of garlic oil.
PubMed:A rabbit model for studying hypocholesterolemic effect of drugs and hypocholesterolemic effect of extracts of garlic (Allium sativum).
PubMed:Mechanism of action of dietary chemoprotective agents in rat liver: induction of phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes and aflatoxin B1 metabolism.
PubMed:The effects of garlic oil upon serum indicators of liver function.
PubMed:Effect of garlic on platelet aggregation in humans: a study in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease.
PubMed:Radio-protective effect of garlic Allium sativum Linn. in albino rats.
PubMed:Diallyl disulfide suppresses the growth of human colon tumor cell xenografts in athymic nude mice.
PubMed:Biochemical effects of garlic protein diet and garlic oil on glycosaminoglycan metabolism in cholesterol fed rats.
PubMed:Hypolipidemic effect of garlic protein substituted for casein in diet of rats compared to those of garlic oil.
PubMed:Effect of volatiles from neem and other natural products on gonotrophic cycle and oviposition of Anopheles stephensi and An. culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae).
PubMed:Diallyl disulfide inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cells in culture.
PubMed:Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on rat hepatic P4502E1 expression.
PubMed:Enhanced effectiveness of dimethyl-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate in combination with garlic oil against experimental hepatic injury in rats and mice.
PubMed:Hypocholesterolemic efficacy of garlic-smelling flower Adenocalymma alliaceum Miers. in experimental rats.
PubMed:Antifungal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract against the Aspergillus species involved in otomycosis.
PubMed:Preventive action of garlic on aflatoxin B1-induced carcinogenesis in the toad Bufo regularis.
PubMed:[Ultrastructural observation of intratumoral neutrophils and macrophages induced by garlic oil].
PubMed:[Antioxidant action of garlic oil and allitridi].
PubMed:On the involvement of intramolecular protein disulfide in the irreversible inactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by diallyl disulfide.
PubMed:Garlic in the ovine fetal environment.
PubMed:Modulation of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine bioactivation by diallyl sulfide in vivo.
PubMed:In vitro virucidal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds.
PubMed:Garlic oil extract ameliorates the severity of copper deficiency.
PubMed:Antidiabetic effects of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide isolated from garlic Allium sativum Linn.
PubMed:Alterations in hepatic phase I and phase II biotransformation enzymes by garlic oil in rats.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of diallyl sulfide on the metabolism and tumorigenicity of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A/J mouse lung.
PubMed:[Flow cytometric analysis of the garlic oil effect on DNA content of cancer cell cycle].
PubMed:Identification and HPLC quantitation of the sulfides and dialk(en)yl thiosulfinates in commercial garlic products.
PubMed:The nature of inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase by garlic-derived diallyl disulfide.
PubMed:Metabolism of carcinogenic nitrosamines by rat nasal mucosa and the effect of diallyl sulfide.
PubMed:Inhibition of DMBA-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis by garlic oil and inhibition of two tumor-promotion stages by garlic and onion oils.
PubMed:Papilloma and carcinoma production in DMBA-initiated, onion oil-promoted mouse skin.
PubMed:Toxic effects of garlic extract and garlic oil in rats.
PubMed:Volatile garlic odor components: gas phases and adsorbed exhaled air analysed by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Inhibition of GSH-dependent PGH2 isomerase in mammary adenocarcinoma cells by allicin.
PubMed:Effect of diallyl sulfide on rat liver microsomal nitrosamine metabolism and other monooxygenase activities.
PubMed:The pharmacological effects of allicin, a constituent of garlic oil.
PubMed:Inhibitory action of garlic oil on the initiation of benzo[a]pyrene-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice.
PubMed:Inhibition of hepatocarcinogenic responses to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by diallyl sulfide, a component of garlic oil.
PubMed:Studies on the mechanism of action of diallyl sulfide, an inhibitor of the genotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide.
PubMed:The mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect of garlic oil extract in rats fed on high sucrose and alcohol diets.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil extract on glutathione reductase levels in rats fed on high sucrose and alcohol diets: a possible mechanism of the activity of the oil.
PubMed:Effects of garlic and onion oils on glutathione peroxidase activity, the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione and ornithine decarboxylase induction in isolated mouse epidermal cells treated with tumor promoters.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil extract on serum, liver and kidney enzymes of rats fed on high sucrose and alcohol diets.
PubMed:Stimulation of cell growth and proliferation in NIH-3T3 cells by onion and garlic oils.
PubMed:Effects of garlic oil on streptozotocin-diabetic rats maintained on normal and high fat diets.
PubMed:Effects of allyl methyl trisulfide on glutathione S-transferase activity and BP-induced neoplasia in the mouse.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil on the pancreas of experimental diabetes in guineapigs.
PubMed:Inhibition of carcinogenesis by some minor dietary constituents.
PubMed:Hypolipidemic effects of onion oil and garlic oil in ethanol-fed rats.
PubMed:Cold tolerance in CCl4-treated rats and its modification by administration of garlic oil and glucose.
PubMed:Hypolipidemic effects of garlic oil in rats fed ethanol and a high lipid diet.
PubMed:Sensitivity of heat-stressed yeasts to essential oils of plants.
PubMed:Certain biochemical effects of garlic oil on rats maintained on high fat-high cholesterol diet.
PubMed:Hypolipidemic effect of garlic and thyroid function.
PubMed:Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: impact on serum lipids.
PubMed:Onion and garlic oils inhibit tumor promotion.
PubMed:Effect of onion and garlic on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in vitro.
PubMed:Garlic oil and ischaemic heart disease.
PubMed:Protective effect of garlic oil on the changes produced by 3 weeks of fatty diet on serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, fibrinolytic activity and platelet adhesiveness in man.
PubMed:The metabolic fate of [35S]-diallyl disulphide in mice.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil in experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis.
PubMed:Letter: Garlic oil in experimental atherosclerosis.
PubMed:Repellent property of oil fraction of garlic, Allium sativum Linn.
PubMed:Mode of action of garlic oil--effect on oxidative phosphorylation in hepatic mitochondria of mice.
PubMed:In vivo studies on the effect of garlic oil in mice.
PubMed:Effect of garlic oil on incorporation of amino acids into proteins of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say larvae.
PubMed:[Contribution on the analysis of the contents of galic Allium sativum L. 2. Gas chromatography of garlic oil].
PubMed:[A contribution to the analysis of the contents of garlic--Allium sativum L. I. Thin-layer chromatography of garlic oil].
PubMed:[Inhibitory action of extracts of Allium sativum L. on the development of tumors caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend) in Ricinus communis L].
 
Notes:
Garlic Oil is produced by steam distillation of the crushed garlic, the bulbs of Allium Sativum which is grown all over the world in temperate areas. The oil is distilled in Bulgaria, China, Egypt, France, Germany and Japan. Egypt has been a major producer during the past two decades. Fresh bulbs are preferred for distillation. tsca definition 2008: extractives and their physically modified derivatives. allium sativum, liliaceae.
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